Bougainvillea

Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea) - izimbali ezihlala zihlala ziqhakaza ezivela emndenini Niktaginovye (Noctifolia). Izihlahlana eziphansi nemivini enamahlumela amancane endaweni yemvelo kuvamile ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Afrika, eMexico, futhi izwe lakubo le-bougainvillea yiBrazil. Emazweni amaningi, akhule njengeplanethi yendlu. Ekhaya, i-bougainvillea ingaphila iminyaka eyi-10 uma ubusika buhlelwe kahle. Emva kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo siyaqina bese siyama ukukhula.

Imbali ikhula ngesilinganiso. Ingakhula ibe ngu-3 m, uma ungalawuli ukuthuthukiswa kwayo futhi ungayinqamu ngesikhathi. Iqhakaza kusuka maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla yasendulo ngezimbali ezincane ezinomuncu ezizungezwe ama-bracts asendulo aqhakazile. Lesi sitshalo siqanjwe ngegama lokukhumbula umhloli wamazwe uLouis Antoine de Bougainville, ohole uhambo lokuqala lomhlaba wonke waseFrance futhi waletha imbali enhle eYurophu.

Izici eziwusizo ze-bougainvillea

Amaseli e-Flower aseceleni ukukhiqizwa okuguquguqukayo - izinto ezisebenzayo ezihlanza i-airpace kusuka kuma-microorganisms ayingozi. Emakamelweni lapho izimbali ziqhakaza khona, abantu bandise ukusebenza kahle, banciphise ukukhathazeka, balale ngcono. Le mbali idonsela amandla amahle futhi ihlanganyele abanye ngokukhululekile.

Kukholelwa ukuthi i-bougainvillea isiza ukuheha inhlanhla nokuphila kahle kuzo zonke izimpawu ze-zodiac, yi-Sagittarius kuphela engakujabuleli ukuthokozela kwesitshalo. Ukuqhakaza kwe-bougainvillea kudala isimo esimnandi endlini.

Izici zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya. Kafushane

Imvelo lapho iBougainvillea ikhula khona ekhaya ihlukile kuleyo esetshenziselwa yona endalweni. Kepha udinga ukudala indawo enhle yesitshalo ekhaya. Izimo ezifanele yilezi:

Lesi sitshalo asidingi ulwazi olukhethekile emkhakheni we-biology kusuka kumhlwanyeli, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ubungozi bokukhula kwe-bougainvillea, khona-ke kungajabulisa ukuqhakaza kwayo amahlandla amaningi ngonyaka. Isitshalo siyalondolozwa. Ngijwayele indawo eyodwa, kunzima ukujwayela enye. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ulungiselele indawo ethile imbali bese ungazami ukuyiphinda futhi.

Izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, lesi sitshalo sigawulwa - ukukhuthaza ukuqhakaza izimbali (ehlobo), ukususa amahlumela abuthakathaka kanye nama-inflorescence aqothulayo (entwasahlobo), ukwakha umqhele omuhle (ekwindla). Ukufinyeza amagatsha, kubashiye kuze kufike ku-10 cm wehlumela lonyaka olunikeziwe. Izihlahla zikuvumela ukuthi "udlale" ngesimo sesitshalo. Kusetshenziswa le nqubo, i-bougainvillea iguqulwa isuka esihlahleni esisodwa enesihlahla ibe isihlahla esinamaphikili ahlukahlukene kanye nokuphikisana nalokho.

Imvamisa, umvini onamahlumela ukhula osekelwa, ukwakheka kwawo kungaba yinoma yikuphi. I -ententric nenhle ibukeka ehlukile ezinhlotsheni zemibala etshalwe esitsheni esisodwa.

Ukunakekela i-bougainvillea ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

I-Homemade bougainvillea ithathwa njengesitshalo esishisayo kakhulu. Kepha ukunakekela imbali kufanele kusondele kuyo ngendlela efanele, umvuzo uzoba omuhle kakhulu wokuqhakaza izimbali.

Izimbali

Ngokunakekelwa okuhle ekhaya ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ukuqhakaza kuqala. Le nto yemvelo ayazi ukuthi ilingane kangakanani nokukhanya. Ngakho-ke, i-bougainvillea idume kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezimbali zasendlini. Izimbali ezingama-ayisikhilimu amancane, aqoqwe kuma-inflorescence e-racemose, akhula azungezwe ama-brices aqhakazile. Ukuthungwa kwawo kufana nephepha le-crepe, okuvela kulo izinaliti zenza izimbali.

Ku-lacac ekhanyayo enjalo, i-raspberry, i-rose noma isalmon iphepha lokugoqeka, izimbali zibukeka njengamabhisiketi amahle ahlotshiswe yi-florist enamakhono. IBougainvillea ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isitshalo sephepha, egcizelela ukufana kwendlela ukuthungwa kwamabhuloksi nephepha.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-Terry lapho ama-bracts ahlelwe khona emigqeni eminingana abukeka emfashini ngendlela ekhethekile. Amabhuleki ngosayizi wawo, unxantathu, omiswe ngomcibisholo noma omise okwenhliziyo nokukhanya okugqagqene awekho amaqabunga e-oval angenamkhawulo onqenqemeni olukhonjisiwe.

Izimbali ziyaphela ngokushesha, futhi ama-broker agcina ukubukeka okumangazayo isikhathi eside. Ukuze lesi sitshalo siqhume futhi, kuyadingeka ukusika amahlumela lapho amabhulokhi eqala ukoma kuwo. Sekukonke, bougainvillea ekhaya blooms ekhaya cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Imodi yokushisa

Ukuze uthuthukise ngokuphelele i-bougainvillea, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kudinga ukuthi uqaphele umbuso wokushisa. Isitshalo yi-thermophilic. Ebusika, igumbi kufanele ligcinwe emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka- + 10 ° C. Uma kufudumele, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungenzeka kungabi. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka + 6 ° C, isitshalo sizofa. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sithokomele ku + 20 - 25 ° C.

Ukufafaza

IBougainvillea ithanda umswakama ophezulu. Ukufafaza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekela isitshalo esishisayo. Ukuze ungabhubhisi umhlobiso womabhulokhi, ufafazwa phakathi kwamabhulogi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kusetshenziswa izihlambi zokucwilisa, lesi sitshalo sibekwa esikhwameni ngamatshe amanzi, kubekwe isitsha esivulekile esinamanzi eceleni kwaso.

Isibani

Njengasemvelweni wemvelo, imbali ye-bougainvillea ezimweni zamakamelo ithanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Noma ngezinsuku ezishisayo, lesi sitshalo asidingi shading. Ekukhanyisweni okungekuhle ngeke kuqhume.

IBougainvillea kufanele ibe nokukhanya okukhulu kuze kube ngamahora ayi-6 ngosuku.

Ukunisela

IBougainvillea ithanda ukuniselwa kakhulu. Ukunakekelwa okuhle kuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi. Inhlabathi kumele igcinwe inomswakama. Ukunisela ehlobo kuyadingeka izikhathi ezi-2 ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Ekwindla, lapho lesi sitshalo silungiselela ukuphumula futhi siqala ukuthela amaqabunga awo, sinciphise inani lokunisela sibe isikhathi esingu-1 ngasikhathi sinye.

Ebusika, ukunisela isikhathi 1 ngezinsuku eziyi-14. Kusetshenziselwe ukuchelela amanzi angcolile endaweni yokushisa yegumbi. Ukuze umhlabathi ugcine umswakama isikhathi eside, ufakwe emanzini.

Inhlabathi

Ngokutshala, ungathenga isendlalelo sendawo yonke eyenziwe ngomumo yezimbali. Ungalungisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngokwakho kusuka kumhlaba wefudu, umhlaba wamaqabunga, i-perlite, humus (2: 2: 1: 1). Inhlabathi ye-bougainvillea idinga i-acidic kancane. Ukuze uthuthukise ukwakheka kwesiqeshana, ungangeza i-vermiculite, umlotha, amalahle.

Izithasiselo zizokwenza inhlabathi ibe nokukhululeka nomoya- namanzi-kuvunyelwe. Isitshalo siyawathanda umanyolo we-phosphate. Ukudla kwamathambo kufakwa engxenyeni yenhlabathi njenge-phosphate esebenza kancane.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ukugqoka okuphezulu nomanyolo kusiza ukugcina ukuhlobisa kwesitshalo ngezinga eliphakeme. Ukusuka maphakathi no-Mashi kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba, kanye ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, amanzi anesixazululo somanyolo ohlanganisiwe wezimbali zasekhaya, ayixutshwe ngesigamu. Ukugqoka izimpande kuphela kuyenziwa.

Ebusika, ukondla kuyamiswa.

Ukufakelwa

Amabhishi amasha ayatshalwa minyaka yonke entwasahlobo. Isitshalo esivuthiwe sidinga ukufakelwa lapho izakhi zomhlabathi ziqediwe noma lapho i-bougainvillea ikhipha imbiza, izimpande zayo ziqala ukuphuma kwizimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Lokhu kwenzeka njalo eminyakeni emi-2, emi-5. Isitshalo kunzima ukubekezelela ukufakelwa futhi siveza ukungathandeki kwalo, siphonsa amahlamvu, senqaba ukuqhakaza. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, hlinzeka nge-bougainvillea ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kungcono ukuthi udlulise imbali, le ndlela yokufakelwa ibangela ingcindezi encane esitshalweni.

Ngokufakelwa, kukhethwa imbiza ejulile, ububanzi bayo bukhulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Akudingekile ukuthatha umthamo omningi: inqwaba eluhlaza izokhula kuyo, futhi izimbali azikwazi ukulinda. Akhiphe ebhodweni elidala. Hlola ngokucophelela futhi unciphise izimpande. I-bougainvillea etshalwe kabusha izinsuku eziningana kufanele ibe sendaweni enomthunzi omncane ngaphandle kokunisela. Ukondla isitshalo kuqala emva 2, 5 amasonto emva transplantation.

Ukusakazeka kwe-bougainvillea

Ukusakazeka kwe-bougainvillea kungenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu: nge-cutways, layering air, kanye nembewu.

Ukusakazwa ngokusika

Ukusakazwa ngokusika okuluhlaza (kwentwasahlobo) noma okune-lignified (ekwindla). Ama-cuttings kufanele okungenani abe ngu-9 cm futhi abe nezinso okungenani ezintathu. Okokuqala, zibekwe endaweni yesisombululo sokuvuselela izimpande, khona-ke zigxilisiwe endaweni engaphansi kwe-23 23 C kanye nomswakama ophezulu (embozwe ifilimu, ihlinzeka ngokushisa okuphansi). Ifilimu lisuswa ukuze lingene futhi linisele izithombo. Lapho izithombo zisika izimpande, zitshalelwa ebhodweni elincane.

Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa komoya

Chitha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Eceleni kwendawo yezimbali lapho kukhula khona i-bougainvillea, faka isitsha esigcwalisiwe substrate. Kuthathwa ihlumela elincane elincanyana ngaphezu kwesiqalo bese kulungiswa ngesikhuni sokhuni. Endaweni lapho ihlumela lithinta khona umhlabathi, lesi sitshalo sigxunyekwe kancane ukuze kuvuse ukwakheka kwezimpande. Emva kwalokhu, ihlumela lifafazwa nomhlaba, lithele kancane futhi kufakwe emanzini. Lapho izimpande zakheka, isithombo sinqunywa esitshalweni sikamama futhi sitshalwe ebhodweni elihlukile.

Khula bougainvillea kusuka enhlanyelweni

Ukusakazwa kwembewu esimweni sezulu esifudumele kuyaqabukela. Ku-vivo, i-hummingbird ivinjelwa impova yi-bougainvillea. Esigabeni esiphakathi sezinyoni ezishisayo, uvemvane wazama ukumiselela, kepha ngosizo lwawo, amaqabunga amaqabunga awakheki.

Lapho usebenzisa izingqimba zomoya kanye nokusikwa kwesiqu, izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezitshalo kusalondolozwa, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-bougainvillea kulula, ngenxa yalokho izindlela lezi zivame kakhulu.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Kwesinye isikhathi izifo ziqhamuka ekunakekeleni imbali ngokungafanele, kanti nezinambuzane ziyazilimaza. Ngokuvamile, abathandi bezitshalo banemibuzo:

1. Kungani amaqabunga ewa bougainvillea? Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zokuphila: ukukhula kwamaqabunga nokuwa, noma isitshalo silungiselela ubusika. Ukuwa kwamaqabunga ehlobo kungavela kusuka ekuhlelweni kabusha kwembali ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye noma ngaphansi kwethonya lesilungiso.
2. Kungani amahlamvu ephenduka aphuzi (omile)? Imvamisa, abalimi bezimbali bahlangabezana nenkinga ebusika uma bemanzisa inhlabathi.
3. Kungani bougainvillea aluqhakaza? Inkinga ingabangelwa yizizathu eziningana. IBougainvillea isendaweni ethunzi futhi ithola ukukhanya okuncane. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa alizange lehliswe, futhi ama-buds e -imbali awakwazanga ukwakha. Ukweqisa ngokweqile nge-nitrogen nakho kudala ukungabikhona kwezimbali.

Izinambuzane zifaka: i-whitefly, i-spider mite, i-scutellaria, i-aphid, i-mealybug. Ama-insecticides asetshenziswa ngokumelene nezinambuzane.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zekhaya le-bougainvillea ngezithombe namagama

Emvelweni kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-15, kepha zingu-3 kuphela zazo ezitshaliwe ekhaya. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zivela eBrazil: I-Bougainvillea Naked, Peruvian ne-Fair. Ekhaya, izinhlobo ezihlangene ezikhula kancane ziyathandwa, okuyizinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid ezenziwe ngabazalisi ngokususelwa kulezi zinhlobo. Zingaba i-monochrome nethoni ezimbili, i-mosagated, umbala oguqukayo, ulula futhi u-terry.

I-Bougainville Double Pink / Bougainvillea Double Pink

Amabhulashi we-Terry apendwe ngombala opinki ngombala ophundwe ngombala phansi. Inombala ogqamile ngenkathi yezimbali.

I-Bougainvillea Gold / Bougainvillea Thai Gold

Izinhlobonhlobo eziguqula umbala wamabhulokhi ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ekuqaleni zipendwe ngombala wegolide nge-tint ekhanyayo ye-orange. Njengoba zibuna, ziphenduka zibe bomvana bomvana ngombala omfushane.

I-Bougainvillea Alexandra / Bougainvillea Alexandra

Izinhlobonhlobo ezithanda ukushisa kakhulu ezinama-bracity ama-lilac agcwele kanye nezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe qhwa, ziqoqe izingcezu ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngebala. Akubekezeleli noma ukwehla kwesikhashana kwesikhashana kwezinga lokushisa. Yakhelwe i-bonsai. Ngokusebenzisa izitshalo zokuthena kwakha izingoma zokuqala eziyinhlanganisela.

IBougainvillea iyisitshalo esingajwayelekile esihlanganisa ukugqama kwezindawo ezishisayo futhi sisho ukubekeka phansi kwesiFulentshi (igama liyavuma!). Kuhlala kuthola izinhliziyo zabathandi bezimbali futhi kube "okugqanyisiwe" kwanoma iyiphi ingaphakathi.