
Ficus irabha (Ficus elastica) - isitshalo esisetshenziswa ekhaya kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela kumamitha amathathu, kepha kukhona amamodeli okufika kumamitha ayishumi ukuphakama. Izinga lokukhula liphezulu - ngonyaka lingakhula lisuka ku-60 cm liye kumitha eli-1. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-ficus irabha iMalawi, India, Sumatra, Nepal neBhutan.
Iqhakaza ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezinama-inflorescence amancane afana ne-berry futhi abizwa ngokuthi i-siconia. Ezimweni zasekamelweni, kuphela izinhlayiya ezinkulu eziqhakazayo.
Ukunisela kwenziwa kabili ngeviki ehlobo kanye kanye ebusika. Inhlabathi akufanele ibe omuncu, kudonswe amanzi ngokweqile epanini. Kusatshalaliswa ukusikwa kwengxube ye-peat ne-perlite.
Izinga lokukhula liphezulu - ngonyaka lingakhula lisuka ku-60 cm liye kumitha eli-1. | |
Ezimweni zasekamelweni, kuphela izinhlayiya ezinkulu eziqhakazayo. | |
Isitshalo kulula ukusikhulisa. | |
Isitshalo se-perennial. |
Izimpawu nezinkolelo-ze

Isici esihlukile yikhono lesitshalo lokuhlanza umoya futhi libe nomthelela omuhle emoyeni wasekhaya.
Lapho uhlela ukuthenga ikhaya le-fikiki yerabha, udinga ukuzijwayeza izimpawu ezihambisana nalo:
- dinga imali - faka isitshalo ekhishini;
- injabulo izoletha u-ficus endlini ngenkathi usehholo;
- faka egumbini lokulala - okokufika kwezingane;
- beka ephaseji - amandla omndeni azoba ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okuthembekile;
- isidingo sokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle - sikhule eduze nendawo yomsebenzi.
Izici zokukhula ekhaya. Kafushane
Imodi yokushisa | Akunzima ukukhulisa i-ficus yerabha enezimo zasekhaya, ngisho nesiqalo sizokwazi ukubhekana nalokhu. Isitshalo yi-thermophilic - ehlobo ithanda izinga lokushisa lomoya le-18- 29ºº, futhi ebusika - lingaphansi kuka-15ºº. |
Umswakama womoya | Amahlamvu adinga ukusulwa njalo ngesiponji esimanzi, fafaza isitshalo kanye ngesonto |
Isibani | Ukulungisa kuqala ukukhanya. Ingakhula emthunzini oyingxenye, kepha hhayi ngokushesha okukhulu. |
Ukunisela | Nisela isitshalo kancane. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ayimuncu. Kudonswa amanzi amaningi epanini. Ngaphambi kokunisela okulandelayo, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba kufanele lome kancane ngo-3-4 cm. |
Inhlabathi | Ukudonsa okuphoqelekile ngesimo sobumba olwandisiwe ezansi kwembiza nesihlabathi engxenyeni ephezulu. Umhlabathi kumele ube acidic kancane noma ungathathi hlangothi, kepha empeleni uvundile. |
Umanyolo nomanyolo | Ebusika, ukugqoka okuphezulu akudingeki; esikhathini esisele, kwenziwa umquba we-magnesium njalo ngenyanga. |
Ukufakelwa | Ukuze uqhubeke nokukhula ngentshiseko, kudingeka ukuthi udluliselwe kabusha ngonyaka. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. |
Ukuzala | Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe irayisi ficus kuza ngezindlela eziningi:
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Izici Ezikhulayo | Amaqabunga adinga ukunakekelwa okuhlukile - kumele asulwe njalo ngesipanji esimanzi, futhi isitshalo sifafazwe esanele kanye ngesonto. Kufanele itshalwe emhlabathini omncane noma ongathathi hlangothi, kepha inhlabathi evundile. Ukudonsa okuphoqelekile ngesimo sobumba olwandisiwe ezansi kwembiza nesihlabathi engxenyeni ephezulu. Umqhele wenziwa entwasahlobo - ususa amahlumela angenasidingo. Isitshalo esincanyana singanamathiselwa kusekelwa. |
Izifo ezivame kakhulu:
- i-mealybug;
- isihlangu esikalini;
- isicabucabu mite.
Uma amaqabunga emibalabala futhi evilapha - untula izakhi zomzimba, asonteke aze awele - okushisa aphansi, futhi uma igabha futhi ibuna - ukuthambisa okunganele.
Ukunakekelwa kukaFicus ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe
I-ficus efuywayo efuywayo ibhekwa njengento engabekezeleleki futhi ikhula kahle ngisho nakubalimi abangenalwazi. Lesi sitshalo esishisayo asithandi okotshani, sithanda ukufudumala nokukhanya okonakele.
Ngemuva kokuthenga, kufanele inikezwe amasonto amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahlamvu kufanele ahlolwe izinambuzane. Uma ufuna ukubulala amagciwane, udinga ukuthi uchithe inhlabathi ngensipho nangamanzi ukuze uchithe izinambuzane ezingabakhona.
Uma kwenzeka kutholakala izinambuzane, kufanele zidluliselwe kwelinye ibhodwe futhi ziphathwe nesinambuzane. Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwazo zonke izinambuzane, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa kwelinye ibhodwe.
Umanyolo nezimbali
Isitshalo sizizwa singcono uma sithola wonke umanyolo odingekayo we-organic namaminerali ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Kufanele zifakwe enhlabathini njalo emavikini amabili. Kulokhu, i-ficus izothokozisa umnikazi wayo ngezimbali ezinhle.
Ukuqhakaza futhi kuthinteka ebusika obubandayo. Ngemuva kwayo, lesi sitshalo sivuka futhi siqhakaze.
Ukushisa
Ukuze kukhule kahle, isitshalo kumele sibe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elanele.
Phakathi kwentwasahlobo nokwindla, igumbi kufanele libe nokushisa okuphakathi kuka-15-26ºС.
Ebusika, isikhathi sokuphumula siyangena futhi isitshalo sizizwa kahle ukusuka ku-8ºС kuya ku-15ºС.
Kuphela i-ficus enjoloba enezinhlobonhlobo ekhetha ukushisa kwegumbi elijwayelekile.
Umswakama
Uma ugcina umswakama olinganiselayo, i-ficus izobukeka yinhle futhi ijabulise umnikazi ngamahlamvu aluhlaza. Isitshalo sithanda i-shower efudumele kanye njalo emavikini ambalwa. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi awanqwabelani ku-fannel eshidi. Ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe kaningana ngeviki, futhi amaqabunga kufanele asulwe njengoba eba ngcolile.
Ukunisela
Umnikazi ongenalwazi udinga ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukunisela. Kubhubhisa kakhulu inhlabathi yomhlabathi nokuyoma kwayo ngaphandle.
Esikhathini esifudumele, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kaningi kuya kathathu ngesonto. Isidingo sinqunywa isendlalelo esiphezulu esomile. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kube kanye - lokhu kwanele ngisho nezinhlobo ezinkulu. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuwudlulisa ngokunisela egumbini elibandayo - lokhu kulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande.
Isibani
I-fodo yerabha yasendlini ithande ukukhanyiswa okulinganiselayo. Ingakhula emthunzini oyingxenye, kepha hhayi ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zifuna ukunakekelwa - zidinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe, zingama-thermophilic kakhulu futhi zibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi abe mabi kakhulu. Ngokusho kwabalimi abanolwazi, izitshalo ezinamahlamvu amnyama zidinga ukukhanya okuncane.
I-ficus enamaqabunga aluhlaza omnyama ingakhula ngisho nasezindaweni ezingakhanyisiwe kahle. Ngenkathi isitshalo esincane akufanele sikubeke eduze kwamabhethri noma ezindaweni zokudlula lapho okusalungiswa kungenzeka khona. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungadala ukufa.
Ikhaya elihle kakhulu irayisi ficus ibekwe efasiteleni elisentshonalanga noma lasempumalanga.
Ukufakelwa
I-Ficus iruby iyatshalwa minyaka yonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubukhulu bembiza bukhuphuka ngo-2-3 cm bese ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlaba lushintshiwe, olungaba ngu-3 cm.
Izitshalo zabantu abadala zitshalwa ngokudluliselwa: lapho isigaxa esikhulu sobumba esinezimpande sidluliselwa kwesinye isitsha siye kwesinye. Uma kunesidingo, engeza umhlaba omusha.
Izihlahla
Uma isitshalo sidinga ukukhawulelwa ekukhuleni, ukuthenwa okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe futhi kungatyalwanga. Okufuneka kuqala ukuthi kube khona okudonsa amanzi ngaphansi kwethangi.
Abalimi abaningi batshala amahlumela amaningana ebhodweni - ngale ndlela ungafinyelela umphumela omkhulu wokuhlobisa. Ukuze uthuthukise ukwanda kwamagatsha, iziqalo namahlumela aseceleni ayalungiswa njengoba ekhula.
Akufanele ugcine lesi sitshalo kusalungiswa, kodwa ehlobo kungcono ukusikhipha ungene kwi-loggia.
Ngingahamba ngingahambi eholidini?
Uma abanikazi beya eholidini, lapho-ke udinga ukunakekela ngokunisela isitshalo. Kuhle uma izihlobo noma omakhelwane bezohlala bebhekana nalolu daba.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungasebenzisa izindlela zesintu:
- beka imbiza yobumba esitsheni esikhulu bese ugcwalisa isikhala ngobumba olunwebekile olunomswakama;
- yenza umgodi omncane ebhodleleni lepulasitiki bese ulibeka emhlabathini - amanzi azokwehla futhi ancibilikise inhlabathi;
- Faka intambo yoboya noma ibhandeshi kusuka komunye umkhawulo ungene emhlabathini, bese ubeka enye ingxenye esitsheni samanzi, esizoba sezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu kunesimbiza.
Udinga ukuyibeka kude newindows, bese ubeka iziqukathi zamanzi eduzane - lokhu kuzonyusa umswakama womoya.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-ficus yerabha
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ngokuvamile, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-ficus yerabha ezimweni zasendlini kwenzeka ngokunqunywa. Ama-apical noma isiqu esisikiwe ngaphandle kwezinso eliphakeme asetshenziswa. Susa amaqabunga angezansi, ushiye elilodwa. Ishintshiwe ibe yishubhu futhi ixhumeke ngebhande elastiki ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka.
Kuthathwa ihlumela elingaba ngu-8 cm elinamaqabunga bese lithathwa engxenyeni ye-peat ne-perlite noma emhlabeni nesihlabathi ekushiseni kwe-25C. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ijusi le-milky elikhululiwe kumele lisuswe futhi linamathele emhlabathini hhayi ngokujula kuka-1 cm. Mboza ngeplastiki noma ubeke ibhodlela lepulasitiki ngaphezulu ukuze umswakama.
Ngenqubo yokubamba imbala, udinga ukuvikela lesi sitshalo ukukhanya okukhanyayo, usifafaze bese usithela ngamanzi athambile.
Ukusheshisa inqubo, ukufudumeza kwe-basal kungenziwa. Ungasebenzisi izimpande ngaphandle kwamaqabunga - kuleli cala, ukubangelwa kwezimpawu ngeke kwenzeke. Izimpande zizovela kungakapheli inyanga. Ngemuva kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa enhlabathini engapheli.
Ngokuya ngohlelo olufanako, ungasiphula isitja emanzini. Uma wehlukanisa ishidi, beka amatshe aqhekekile esiqeshini, asibeka endaweni engaphansi, khona-ke izimpande zibuye zingakapheli izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu kuya kwamashumi amane.
Khula ficus irayisi kusuka enzalweni
Kukhona inketho yokukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ezihlwanyelwe phakathi kukaJanuwari noMeyi. Abanye abalimi basabalalisa lesi sitshalo ngezendlalelo zomoya kusuka phezulu, esihlukaniswa kamuva. Le ndlela ilungele kangcono i-ficus enemibala ehlukahlukene, ngoba ukubamba okuvela kuyo kunzima kakhulu. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngezinhlobo zakudala ezinamaqabunga ambalwa aphansi.
Umnyombo walokhu ukuhlehliswa okulandelayo:
- i-incision yenziwa ku-cortex;
- kufakwa umdlalo;
- indawo imbozwe nge-moss ne-polyethylene.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izimpande zizovela lapho. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ihlumela lingasika futhi litshalwe enhlabathini.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Rubber ficus ayitholakali kakhulu ezifweni, kepha ingahlaselwa izinambuzane:
- izihlangu - I-Actellic isetshenziselwa ukubabhubhisa futhi amaqabunga ayogezwa ngensipho yesifutho;
- thrips - ukunyamalala ngemuva kokwelashwa ngesinambuzane;
- ama-aphid - Babhujiswa ngemuva kokufafaza ngamalungiselelo akhethekile wokulwa nezinambuzane;
- isicabucabu mite;
- mealybug.
Kepha izifo zingavela hhayi ngenxa yezimuncagazi, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele. Izimo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- amathiphu amaqabunga owomile - isizathu umoya omile;
- ishiya isontekile futhi ibune - igumbi liyabanda;
- izindawo zokukhanya ezomile eshidini irayisi ficus - ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi;
- amabala ansundu - Ukunisela okunganele;
- isiqu siqala ukubola - umswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini;
- amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi - umswakama onganele, ukuntuleka kwamaminerali nezakhi zomzimba;
- imiphetho yamaqabunga iba mnyama- okusalungiswa;
- iqabunga elincane nokukhula kancane - Ukuntuleka komanyolo.
Inqubo yemvelo ukuwa okuncane nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga aphansi. Ungatshala isitshalo esisha, ngaleyo ndlela ihlosi elingaphansi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lizobukeka lisha.
Kwezinye izimo, ukufafaza njalo kungaholela ekuboneni i-fungal. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqina komswakama emaqabungeni bese kuvela amabala osayizi abahlukahlukene. Lesi simo asiphathwa nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi asenzi ingozi empilweni ye-fikhi yerabha.
Uma amabala amhlophe amhlophe avela emaphethelweni ezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga amnyama, khona-ke lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kube ukunqwabelana kwamakristalu e-calcium oxalate. Lokhu kujwayelekile futhi akudingi ukwelashwa.
I-Powdery isikhutha kungenzeka uma igumbi lingenamoya omncane. Lesi sifo singathuthuka, khona-ke lesi sitshalo kufanele siphathwe nge-fung fung.
Izinhlobo ze-ficus ruby ezinezithombe namagama
Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lumelelwa ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi abanolwazi nama-novice.
UFicus iruby Melany
Izinhlobo zeMelany zinobume obunamathela, njalo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa iqabunga elisha likhula ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Iqabunga liluhlaza ngombala omnyama ngombala, linesimo sendololondo, ekhombe kancane ekugcineni.
Ukulungiselela ukukhanyisa okwanele, kepha ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Lesi sitshalo sigcinwa emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-16C kuya ku-30C, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka ngokulingana ngemuva kokumiswa ungqimba lomhlaba ngo-3-4 cm.
Ficus iruby Robust
Ozithobayo kakhulu kunabo bonke ubheka ukuhlukahluka kweRobusta. Uhlanza ngokuphelele umoya we-phenol, benzene futhi uthinta kahle umoya osendlini. Isitshalo sivumelana kahle nezimo zokuqukethwe, ngakho-ke sikhula ngisho nangasohlangothini lwesibabule noma efasiteleni elimnyama. Izinga lokushisa elinethezekile lisukela ku-18-25C.
Musa ukubeka eduze namabhethri ashisayo - umoya owomile uyingozi kubo. Amaqabunga ayonakalisiwe futhi isitshalo singafa. Ukuze usetshenziselwe ukuchelela amanzi ahlala endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Ebusika, ukuthambisa ngamandla kuyancipha, ehlobo kuyanda. Kungcono ukufaka umanyolo ngesikhathi semifino esebenzayo - kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla.
Ficus Rubbery Tineke
Omunye wabamele i-ficus ehlanganisiwe yizinhlobonhlobo zeTineke. Amacembe makhulu, okusaqanda ngesimo ngethiphu ekhombe kancane. Emvelweni, afinyelela amamitha angaphezu kwamabili ukuphakama. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanya okonakele, ukuthambisa ngokulinganisela kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Fafaza njalo futhi ugcine kude nabashisi.
Ngemuva kokuthola isitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuyifaka endaweni enamanzi noma ukufaka i-turf nenhlabathi enamaqabunga, kanye nesihlabathi, ukugcina i-peat.
UFicus iruby Tricolor
I-fegegated ficus yezinhlobonhlobo zeTricolor inombala omuhle wamaqabunga - luhlaza okotshani nokukhanya okukhanyayo ngombala kuyo yonke le ndawo yamaqabunga, nokumhlophe okumhlophe emaphethelweni. Isitshalo asithandi ilanga eliqondile - lokhu kungaholela ekushisweni. Izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-22C, futhi ebusika kuyadingeka ukwehlisa ukuya kuma-degrees ayi-16.
Ungatfutfukisa minyaka yonke nge-transshipment, njalo ukhulisa usayizi wembiza nge-2-3 cm. Kungcono ukufaka umquba kanye njalo emavikini amabili ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla.
U-Ficus ruby Ischeri (harlequin)
Kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezingafani neze. Uyazibekezelela kahle izimo zezindlu, ukhetha ukukhanya okuthambile. Ebusika, udinga ukwehliswa kwezinga lokushisa ubusika obunethezekile, kangcono kude namabhethri ashisayo.
Uma kungekho ukukhanya okwanele ebusika, isitshalo singase siqale ukulimala. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukucabanga kusengaphambili mayelana nokukhanya kokunye okungeziwe.
Esikhathini esifudumele, ziyaniselwa njengoba ungqimba ongaphezulu womhlaba womile - izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto. Ebusika, ukuthambisa ngamandla kuncishiswa kube kanye ngesonto. Okubunjiwe kunomthelela omubi esitshalweni, kungcono ukubeka imbiza ukuze ingafakwa.
Manje kufundwa:
- I-Ficus ingcwele - ekhula futhi inakekelwa ekhaya, isithombe
- Ficus Benjamin
- Ficus bengali - okhulayo nokunakekela ekhaya, isithombe
- I-Ficus microcarp - ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa kabusha ekhaya, isithombe sesitshalo
- I-Chlorophytum - ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa kabusha ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe