Ngokuvamile abalimi balima izinhlobo eziningana zezihlahla ze-apula ezweni labo. Futhi ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhetha I-Candy ezihlukahlukene, ezinika izithelo ezinomsoco futhi ezinomsoco kakhulu. Izithelo zokuqala zivela esihlahleni se-apula ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, uma, ngempela, isihlahla sinakekelwa kahle. Indlela yokwenza ngayo futhi yiziphi izici ezihlukahlukene, sizobe sitshele kule ndaba.
Umlando wokukhethwa kwe-apula
Ezihlukahlukene zavela ngenxa yemizamo yomfuyi S. I. Isaev, owasebenza e-Institute of Horticulture. I.V. Michurin. Umcwaningi wadlula izinhlobo ze-Korobovka noPapirovka, ngenxa yalokho okuvela khona okusha. Akufanelekile ukukhiqiza izimboni, kodwa ikhule ngokuzithandela ngeziqephu zomuntu siqu.
Izithelo zivuthwe ekuqaleni; ukuphela kukaJuni yisikhathi lapho umuthi we-apula unikeza izithelo. Isivuno sokuqala singasuswa kuphela ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala isithombo.
Uyazi? Ngezithelo ezimnandi, abalimi bevame ukubhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo ze Candy noma Candy.
Incazelo yezici zezinhlobo zama-apula
Ngokuvamile, izinga lomuthi lithinta uhlobo lwesitoko. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, umuthi ubhekene nokukhuthazela, ukumelana nokuqina kwamaqhwa kanye namakhono okuvuselela.
Izici zomuthi
Kukholelwa ukuthi Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ngumuthi okhula ngokushesha. Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala yokuphila kwayo, iyokhula ibe yi-3 m, bese ikhula kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwe-apula, umuthi we-Candy ukhula kancane, ukuphakama kwesihlahla ngokuvamile akudluli ku-5 m. Isihlahla sama-apula sibonakala ngomqhele onamandla, kodwa ongeyena obala kakhulu. Amahlumela aguquguqukayo, kodwa aqinile futhi angaphenduli ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo.
Amaqabunga omuthi awuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emthunzini ocebile, obunesikhumba, obukhulu. Emagatsheni akhula ngobuningi, amancane kakhulu. Izimbali zivela pink pink, ubukhulu encane.
Izithelo Zezithelo
I-Candy Apple ihlonishwa kakhulu ngezithelo ezinomsoco, Incazelo yezithembiso ezihlukahlukene eziyingqayizivele, emihle kakhulu ekuthandeni izici izithelo ezinokubonakala okukhangayo. Isisindo sabo esilinganisweni singama-85-105 g, kepha singathululelwa ku-150 g.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinesikhumba esibomvu esibomvu esinemivimbo ebomvu kanye ne-pink blush. Isikhumba esinomzimba sinamaphuzu amancane angaphansi kwesigcawu. Ukuma kwesithelo kuyinto nxazonke, kodwa hhayi njalo kulungile, ngezinye ukubamba. Inyama iyamanzi, imhlophe, ithenda enokuqukethwe kwe-iron ne-vitamin C.
Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
Njenganoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo ezihlukene zama-apula, i-Candy inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Phakathi kwezinzuzo kukhona izithelo eziphakeme kanye nobuhle. Umuthi owodwa omdala ungakhulela ku-100 kg wezithelo. Ezihlukahlukene yi-hardy ebusika ngoba ingakhula ngisho nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezwe. Ngisho nangemva kokushisa okunzima kunika izimbali eziningi futhi hhayi fruiting okungavamile. Izithelo zihlala zithandekayo futhi umuthi ngokwawo uphikisana nezifo ezehlukene kahle.
Noma kunjalo, phakathi kwezici ze-apula candy zitholakala futhi zingenakwenzeka. Ngakho umuthi kulula ukukopela, futhi ngenxa yokukhula okubanzi kwekhanda elihlaza amahlamvu ngokushesha ukhulula yini evimbela izithelo zokuvuthwa. Ngokwazo Ama-apula kunzima ukuthutha futhi abe nokuphila okufingqiwe.
Izincomo zokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga
Kudingekile ukuthola ama-apple saplings entwasahlobo, ngokulandela imithetho eyisisekelo yokukhetha izitshalo zezihlahla zezithelo. Yenza ukuthenga kuyadingeka kuphela ezindaweni zokuzikhethela, lapho kukhona ukuthembela kwento yokutshala enempilo, ehambisana nebanga elibikiwe.
Kodwa ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuthenga isiteji, udinga ukuyifunda kahle. Kumele kube mnandi, kungekho zibonakaliso zokubilisa noma ukuma. Akufanele kube umkhondo wezifo, izinambuzane. Kumelwe ahlanzeke ukuze ahlolwe ngokucophelela. Izithombo kufanele zibhaliswe ngezohlobo, ezihlukahlukene, umkhiqizi nendawo ekhulayo.
Uma ukhetha ukuthungatha, qiniseka ukuthi ukuze uhlelo lwempande luhlanganiswe, impande eyinhloko yayingenani ngamamitha angu-30 ubude. Ukuthutha izimpande, ufafaze ngamanzi bese ugoqa esikhwameni seplastiki. Uma besomile ngenkathi uletha isitshalo ekhaya, umuthi kufanele ushiywe usuku emanzini. Izimpande ezinezimpande ezivulekile namahlamvu akufanele zithengwe.
Kungcono ukuthatha izihlahla eneminyaka engu-1-2. Njengomthetho, abanayo imiqhele, futhi bayangena kalula. Izihlahla ezindala kufanele zibe namahlumela asatshalaliswa ngendlela efanayo.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ezincane zama-apula
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthola isivuno esikhulu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi umuthi we-apula udinga. Ukutshala ushukela nokunakekelwa.
Izikhathi ezihle zokufika
Isikhathi esihle sokungena siwindla, ngokunembile, ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Kule nkathi efudumele futhi ilanga, izithombo zinezikhathi zokujwayela phansi bese zihluma kahle ngaphambi kokubanda. Kodwa ngaphambi kokushisa kumele bahlanganiswe ngokucophelela.
Ungabatshala futhi entwasahlobo - cishe kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli, lapho umhlaba usufudumele ngokwanele. Khona-ke phezu kwehlobo, ukusikwa komzimba kuzothatha izimpande, kuqiniswe futhi kuzokwenza kube lula ukudlulisa ama-frosts okuqala.
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala: inhlabathi nokukhanyisa
Isihlahla se-Apple - ngokuyisisekelo, isitshalo esithandayo, futhi Leli banga lenza izimfuno ezengeziwe zokukhanyisa. Kungcono ukutshala endaweni engasempumalanga yesayithi ukuze ekuseni nangaphambi kokudla kwasemini lesi sitshalo sithole ukushisa kwelanga okuphezulu, kodwa ukuthi ngeke sishise kakhulu ntambama ehlobo. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo ayiqhubeki kakhulu yimimoya - i-apula ayiyithandi imidwebo.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nenhlabathi evundile, eyakhiwe efana neyadingeka amazambane. Lokho akusili kakhulu kakhulu ngezinga elanele le-nitrogen. Kubalulekile ukuthi entwasahlobo isayithi alizange libuthe amanzi, futhi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ayengakude futhi angalimazi izimpande zomuthi - ayithandi umswakama obuningi.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela kusayithi
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukutshala inhlabathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe isakhiwo salo, ukwandise umthamo wokubamba amanzi kanye nokwehlisa, futhi unciphise u-asidi ngokweqile. Izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokutshala, bayibamba, bahlume futhi bawageze. Ngesikhathi sokumba ukujula kwesigamu semitha, izithasiselo zengezwa kuye ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi:
- for peat: i-lime, i-potassium sulfate, i-phosphate rock, i- superphosphate, umquba;
- for sandy: i-potassium, i-superphosphate, i-lime, i-peat, ubumba;
- ngenxa yobumba: izimila eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali, i-lime, i-humus, i-sawdust, ishlabathi.
Ukulungiselela izithombo zokutshala
Ngokutshala kumele kulungiselelwe kanye nezithombo. Hlola uhlelo lwempande ngokucophelela futhi ususe noma yimaphi izimpande ezomile, ezibolile, noma ezifile noma i-pruner noma i-umusi obukhali. Kanti futhi kubalulekile kuzo ukususa ukukhula okuhlukahlukene, amagatsha agwetshiwe.
Ukwenza impande, kuyadingeka ukususa amagatsha akhula avela enkabeni yangaphakathi ngaphakathi. Amagatsha amade angadingekile awancishiswe. Kulesi simo, ukusika kumele kwenziwe ngokuqondile ukuze kube nesilwane esincane kunabo bonke. Izimpande ezincane nezomzimba kufanele zihlale, njengoba lesi sitshalo sizothola izimpande.
Bese usula isisekelo se-trunk kahle ngendwangu ebomvu ukuze intamo impande ibonakale ngokucacile: ukuguqulwa kusuka eluhlaza kuya ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo.
Kubalulekile! Musa ukudibanisa isayithi lokufakelwa kanye nensipho yempande!Khona-ke izimpande zezithombo kufanele zifakwe kwisisombululo sobumba nomquba. Ngokuba ukulungiselela kwalo kuthatha ingxenye yobumba, izingxenye ezimbili ze-mullein nezingxenye ezinhlanu zamanzi.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Uma wenza umgodi wokutshala, khumbula ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo lukhula ngokushesha kunomqhele. Ngoba Izithombo kufanele zitshalwe kude kakhulu komunye nomunye - okungenani amamitha owodwa nengxenye. Ukutshala, ukumba imigodi ngamasentimitha angama-80 ububanzi obungama-60 cm. Hlanganisa inhlabathi ehlanganiswe phansi. Ukuze uzilungiselele, udinga ukuthatha amabhakede amane noma umquba, engeza izibuko ezimbili ze-potassium sulfate, inani elifanayo le-superphosphate kanye nezibuko ezine zomlotha okhuni. Konke lokhu kuxubene nomhlabathi bese ubeke phansi phansi emgodini ukuze izimpande zibe ngaphansi kulo mxube.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izimpande zesitshalo zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phansi futhi zimbozwe umhlaba. Ngokuyinhloko, intamo yentambo ye-seedling akufanele igukwe emhlabathini, ngaphandle kwalokho izobola kule ndawo. Intamo kufanele ibe ngu-5-6 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Njengoba utshale umuthi, kubalulekile ukuwaphuza kakhulu - okungenani 2.5 amabhakede ngaphansi kwesithombo ngasinye. Ngekuwa, ukuhlwanyela okuncane kumele kusetshenziswe njalo emva kwezinsuku ezintathu, ukuchitha ibhakede emthini ngamunye. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama, kuphakanyiswa ukuba ubeke umthombo ngomquba, futhi uqinise umuthi ngokwawo ngokuwufaka ekusekeleni.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla ezincane ezingakaze zakhiwe umqhele obuthakathaka, akunakwenzeka neze ukugcoba.Ukuze uvikele izihlahla ezincane emagundeni kanye nezici zemvelo, i-trunk ihlanganiswe ne-rag.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwe-apple yonyaka
Uma ukhetha isitshalo izimo ezifanele, ukuzinakekela ngeke kube nobunzima.
Ukuvota
Lezi zinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula yi-self-infesting, ngakho-ke ama-pollinator kufanele atshalwe eduze kwawo. I-Pollinator ye-apula izihlahla Candy - izinhlobo Grushovka Moscow, Golden Golden, Red ngaphambi kwesikhathi, Orlovim nokunye okunjalo.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo
Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo ezaziwa kakhulu zezihlahla ze-apula, kodwa ayinaso igciwane lesikhumba. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela isitshalo, ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga eqhakaza kuso, Kunconywa ukuba uchithe ishubhu oxychloride noma isixazululo se-3% se-Bordeaux liquid. Le nqubo iphindaphindiwe ngemuva kokubhakabhaka, kepha kulokhu uketshezi kufanele kube yi-1%.
Uma izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-scab zivela, kutuswa ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa. "Raek". I-1.5-2 ml yomkhiqizo ihlanjululwe ebhakede lamanzi futhi lifuthwe ngama-apula izikhathi ezine ngesikhathi ngasinye: ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amafihlekile, ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwefihlekile, ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwazo futhi emva kwamasonto amabili. Sebenzisa ama-alitha angu-10 ngamamitha ayizi-square ezingu-100. m. Ungasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa "Fast", okudinga ukwelashwa okubili kuphela ngenkathi ngayinye: ngaphambi nangemva kwemifula, kodwa ngekhefu lamasonto amabili. Isixazululo silungiswa ngesilinganiso se-2 ml ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi, besebenzisa u-2-5 amalitha ngomuthi ngamunye.
Uyazi? Abalimi abanolwazi ngalunye ngonyaka bahlanza isiqu sezinkumbi, amagxolo afile. Kuyasiza ukuqeda izilokazane ezihlambalaza lapho.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane entwasahlobo ziyalulekwa ukuba zifeze "Olekupritom", okuyi-400 g yezidakamizwa ezichithwa ibhakede lamanzi. Ukhululekile ekulwa nemikhaza, isihlangu, i-sucker, i-aphid. Imithi ingaphathwa yizinambuzane ezidla amahlamvu "Karbofos".Ukuhlala njalo nokuningi kokunisela
Ukunakekela i-Apple Candy kudinga ukuchelela okufanele kwezitshalo. Uma sikhuluma ngemithi esanda kutshalwa, izinyanga ezimbili zokuqala kumele ziphuze njalo ngesonto, ngaphandle uma kunezimvula ezinkulu. Khona-ke ukuchelela kunciphisa kube njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Kodwa uma kukhona ukushisa okuqinile, ukuchelela kwenziwa kabili ngeviki ngamabhakede amaningana ngaphansi komuthi ngamunye. Kodwa nokho, kufanele sikhumbule lokho Lesi sitshalo asithandi umswakama obuningi. Lapho kushisa, banganisela ngokufafaza, kodwa kuhle ukufeza inqubo kusihlwa ukuze amanzi emagqabeni angabangeli ukushisa ngenxa yelanga elishisayo.
Umhlaba ukhulula
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela emoyeni ezimpandeni, inhlabathi okuzungezile kufanele ikhululwe. Kodwa lokhu kwenziwa kude nendawo engaba ngu-60 cm ukusuka esiqhingini ezindaweni eziningana kuya ku-40 cm ejulile. Ekwindla, ukuqhuma kufanele kuqhutshwe nge-trunk kuya ekujuleni kwe-20 cm, uhlanganise isiqu somuthi nge-compost, peat noma humus. Spread utshani noma utshani obomile phezulu kwezinto eziphilayo mayelana no-5 cm ukuphakama. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izibungu zomhlaba zanda kahle, ezikhulula inhlabathi, zinikeza ukuzala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxubana ngokumelene nokukhula kokhula.
Kubalulekile ukumba umhlaba ngokuzungeza umuthi ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu, ngoba ebusika, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yeqhwa, umhlaba uzobe uhlanganiswa kakhulu.
Umanyolo
I-aple evamile e-apple idinga ukudla okunye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuba usebenzise amanzi umlotha (imitha ngayinye - izibuko ezingu-3-5), humus (5-6 amabhakede), superphosphate umanyolo (40-60 g). Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali.
Ukondla kwenziwa ubusika umanyolo we-phosphate-potash. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa u-2 tbsp ebhaketheni lamanzi. ilitha le-superphosphate elincomekayo kanye ne-spoonful of potassium.
Ukusika izihlahla
Ukusika izihlahla ze-apula kunikezela okunye okunye nokukhiqiza kwesitshalo, kungakhulumi ukugcina isimo somqhele. Le nkinga ibaluleke ikakhulukazi kwezihlahla zakudala. Yenza inqubo entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala noma ukuwa, ngemuva kokuvunwa kwezitshalo. Kufanele ukubamba futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala izithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usike phezulu esihlahleni nge-pruner, ushiye amaqabunga amancane engxenyeni yayo ephansi.
Kubalulekile! Ukudubula kwenziwa kuphela ngamathuluzi ahlanzekile engadini. Ibhakede elimnyama elimnyama, ngenxa yokuthi ukusika kuyokwelapha isikhathi eside.Wonke amagatsha okukhula okuqondiswa ngaphakathi angaphansi kwezihlahla, amagatsha amagatsha akhula nge-angle. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlanza amagatsha axhumene noma ahlangane. Ephukile, ephukile, amagatsha amancane ngesisekelo samagatsha noma isiqu, futhi, ukuze asuswe. Ngakho-ke ukuthi emva kokusika izihlahla ze-apula azilahlekelwa ama-juice ayo, kubalulekile ukucubungula zonke izigaba nge-pitch pitch.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, kunconywa ukumboza isihlahla somuthi ngamagatsha, umhlanga noma i-spruce. Lokhu ngeke kumsindise nje kuphela kusiqhwa, kodwa futhi kusuka kumagundane. Eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala, iziqu ziphathwa ngesikhala sokushayela, futhi kuphela izihlahla ezivuthiwe zingagcotshwa ngesisombululo seqhwa. Ukuze uyilungiselele, thatha i-100 g yezinkuni glue, 500 g we-sulfate yethusi, u-3 kg we-lime omusha omuncu bese uyichitha konke ebhakeni lamanzi.
Ngokuqondene nokudla ebusika, ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izithombo azenzi kahle ukuzondla - zinezinto ezanele ezitholwa ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, imibuthano eseduze-i-trunk ihlanganiswe nomquba, kodwa ukuze ingaxhunyiwe nesiqu somuthi. Futhi, izihlahla kufanele zifinyelele phezulu ukuphakama kwama-20 cm. Ebusika, ikakhulukazi ngeqhwa elinzima, iqhwa elizungeza umuthi kufanele linyathelwe phansi.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Njengoba kushiwo kakade kuze kube ngu-100 kg wezithelo zingasuswa emthini owodwa omdala. Izihlahla ezincane ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-4-5 emva kokutshala. Izithelo zingaqoqwa ekupheleni kukaJulayi, kodwa zihanjiswa ngokugcwele ngo-Agasti. Zivuthwa ngokungalingani.
Ukuvuna kufanele kube nokuqapha okukhulu, njengoba ama-apula awabekezeleli ukuhamba. Awukwazi ukuzanyazanyiswa emagatsheni, ngaphandle uma evuselelwa kabusha. Uma kungenjalo, ngokoqobo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa bayobe bekhululekile futhi bengenakusetshenziswa. Kumele zisuswe ngokucophelela kanye nesiqu. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-apula ahlala e-wax bloom, ewavikela ekutheleleni.
Kodwa ngisho noma ama-apula eqoqwe ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho, ngeke agcinwe isikhathi eside - ukuphakama amasonto amathathu egumbini elipholile noma isikhathi esincane efrijini.
I-Apple Candy ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezintandokazi zamasimu amateur. Izinhlobonhlobo azifanelekile ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ngenxa yesikhala esincane sezithelo, kodwa isivuno siningi, futhi ama-apula ahlale ethandekayo. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesitshalo akudingeki. Kubalulekile ukuyihlwanyela endaweni enelanga futhi engenamanzi, ngesikhathi sokuphuza amanzi nokudla. Izinhlobonhlobo zinqanda ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo. Into okumele uyenze ukulwa nayo i-scab. Bonke abalimi be-apula bavuna ukuvuna kanye nokunakekelwa komuthi.
