Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, usosayensi waseDashi uJacob Cornelius Matteus Radermacher wanikeza incazelo ngesitshalo asithola eSoutheast Asia, esiqhingini saseJava.
Incazelo
URadermacher ungowomndeni wakwaBignoniev. Lesi sitshalo esinqabile sokunquma, esikwazi ukufinyelela kubude obuyi-1.5 m ngokunakekelwa okufanele (sikhula sifike kumamitha angama-40 ngokwemvelo). Ama-Florists ayaziswa kakhulu ngomqhele wawo ocebile. I-evergreen, i-radermacher inamahlamvu amahle kakhulu aluhlaza okotshani, afinyelela ku-30 cm ubude. Ekhaya, empeleni akuqhakaza. Kepha emvelweni, kuvela izinsimbi ezinkulu ziphuzi kuso. Lesi sitrobheli esinama-curly amahlumela silula ukunikeza ukwakheka okudingekayo, yingakho bethanda ukuyisebenzisa ekuhlobiseni imihlaba.
Izinhlobo zokuzalela (ukutshala) ekhaya
Ukuzala i-chrysalis yamaShayina (elinye lamagama amaningi e-radermacher) inqubo elula. Kodwa-ke, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zayo, yinye kuphela evumelaniswa nezimo zamakamelo: i-radermacher yaseChina. I-blueberry, njengoba ibizwa ngenye indlela, iyisithunzi esihlala sikhona. Ekhaya, kunconyelwa ukwensa ngokwenziwe ukukhula kwawo (izihlahla), ngaleyo ndlela kugwemeke impandla yesihlahla. Amacembe Plain, emerald, amaqabunga e-lanceolate, amenza abe yintandokazi yabalimi abaningi. 
I-Blueberry yamaShayina noma i-ruddermacher
Manje bazama ngenkuthalo "ukuhlakulela" enye inhlobo, i-radermacher ebomvu evuthayo, enhle njengesihlobo sakhe.
Izimfuneko zokunakekelwa kwegumbi
URadermacher akathobeki, futhi ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya ngeke kudinge umzamo omkhulu.
| Izimo | Ubusika | Isiphethu / Autumn | Ihlobo |
| Indawo nokukhanyisa | Igumbi elifudumele, akukho okusalungiswa. Kuyadingeka ukuxhumana nezibani zokufakelwa (izibani ze-fluorescent, phytolamp). | Igumbi elifudumele, izinguquko ezibukhali lokushisa akufanele zivunyelwe. Xhuma izibani zokufakelwa njengoba kudingeka (ukukhanya kwemini kufanele okungenani kube amahora ayi-12). | Ungaqhubeka kuvulandi, kuvulandi, uma isimo sezulu sivumela ukutshala okuvumelekile emhlabathini ovulekile. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo (ifomu lokushisa emaqabunga). |
| Ukushisa | Ungaphansi kuka-+15 degrees Celsius. | I-Optimum + 20- + 25 degrees, kepha hhayi ephansi kuno-+15 (ngama-degree angu-14, + isitshalo singafa). | I-Optimum + 20-25 degrees. |
| Umswakama nokunisela | Ukunisela okulinganiselwe, ukufafaza (amaqabunga awathandi ukugcotshwa). Amanzi kufanele abe athambile (uma amanzi aphuma empompini, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngaphambili azinza amahora angama-24 ngokushisa kwegumbi). | Amanzi kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, ufafaza, ungawesuli amaqabunga. | Ungavumeli inhlabathi yomile. URadermacher akathandi ukuthathwa kabi kwamanzi futhi akabekezeleli isomiso. Ngakho-ke, amanzi njengoba kudingeka, okungenani izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto. Amanzi kufanele athambeke. Ukufafaza. Ngokushisa okukhulu, ungenza ishawa efudumele. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Kanye noma kabili ngenyanga. Uma isitshalo singaphumuli. | Kanye noma kabili ngenyanga. Umanyolo nge-nitrogen entwasahlobo kanye ne-potassium ne-phosphorus ekwindla. | Kanye noma kabili ngenyanga. |
Izeluleko Zokungenisa Nezokudlulisa
Isikhathi esifanele sokufakelwa kwezimbali yingxenye yokuqala kaMashi. Izitshalo ezisencane zinconywa ukuthi zithathelwe indawo minyaka yonke, abantu abadala (iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5) - njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Isiginali sokufakelwa yizimpande ezivele emgodini wokudonsa amanzi.
Lapho ukhetha ibhodwe, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ugxile kububanzi baleyo eyedlule (imbiza entsha kufanele ibe yiyo kakhulu ngo-2-3 cm). Ungasiniki isitshalo ikamelo eliningi kakhulu. I-chrysalis yaseChina ngeke ikhule kuze kube yilapho izimpande zigcwalisa isikhala esisha. Le yimpahla yakhe. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka ubukhulu bezimbobo zokudonsa, kufanele kube kukhulu ngokwanele ukuze ukufakelwa okulandelayo kungadali umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lwezimpande.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kwi-radermacher inhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele usondele ngokucophelela ekukhetheni kwenhlabathi. Umhlabathi we-Universal noma umhlabathi wezintende zezithelo zamawoloni kufanelekile.
Inqubo yokufakelwa imi kanje:
- ezansi kwembiza - amanzi (3 cm azoba anele);
- uthele inhlabathi cishe kwesithathu;
- moisten umhlabathi;
- thatha isitshalo ngenhlama yomhlaba;
- sisika izimpande ezomile neziqongo;
- fafaza izingcezu ngeshokhole (ikhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza ingasebenza);
- ungathinti amahora amaningi;
- faka imbiza entsha;
- engeza inhlabathi;
- inqama ngokucophelela;
- moisturize.
Ukuzala
Umuthi we-Emerald ungasakazwa ngezindlela ezintathu:
- Ukusika - ungathatha izimbali okungenani iminyaka emithathu. Ukusika kuyizingxenye ezingenhla zamahlumela acishe abe ngu-8-12 cm, enamaqhubu amaqabunga esundu. Kubalulekile ukuthi bangakhombisi zimpawu zokugula. Izimbambo zifakwa emanzini noma zigxilisiwe emhlabathini.
- Izendlalelo zomoya - isitshalo esidala esinamagatsha anamandla aqinile siyathathwa. Ukusikwa okungaxekile endandeni kwenziwa egatsheni. I-notch "isongelwe" ungqimba we-moss emanzi futhi imbozwe kahle nge-polyethylene. Isiqu sesihlukaniswa lapho izimpande ezisanda kwakhiwa zifinyelela kubude obungama-5 cm okungenani.
- Imbewu ayithandwa kakhulu. Kwezinye izitolo ezikhethekile ungathola imbewu yangaphakathi yomlotha (elinye igama elidumile). Imbewu ibekwa engxube ye-peat nesihlabathi (ukulingana okulingana) ekujuleni kuka-1 cm, embozwe ngembiza ngaphezulu ukuze kwakhiwe umphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuphuma nomoya namanzi. Ukutshala izithombo kuzothatha cishe amasonto amabili.
Ukugoqa, ukubumba umqhele
Isitshalo singakhiwa ngezindlela ezimbili: isihlahla nomuthi. Kepha lokhu kumele kwenziwe, ngoba i-radermacher ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Imbali iyabekezelela kalula ingcosana, ngakho ukuyinika ukwakheka okudingakalayo kulula kakhulu.
Amahlumela awanakwaphulwa, uzodinga i-pruner noma isikere. Kungcono ukungasusi okungaphezu koku-1/5 komqhele ngasikhathi.
Ukunikeza ukwakheka kwesihlahla, kuyo yonke impilo yesitshalo, amahlumela aseceleni angaphezulu kufanele asuswe, ashiye isiqu esimaphakathi. Ukuyinika isitayela se-bonsai, amahlumela angasontwa, agobeke futhi abe nesisindo ngosizo lwamathuluzi athuthukisiwe aze akhubazeke. Ngezikhathi ezithile, vula imbiza ukuze umqhele wakheke ngokulinganayo.
Amaphutha kanye nokuqedwa kwawo
Uma usiqaphela ngokucophelela isihlahla, khona-ke uqobo lwayo luzokutshela ukuthi luyantula ini.
Izimpawu | Isizathu | Indlela yokuphelisa |
| Kudutshulwa. | Ukuntuleka kokukhanya. | Nxephezela ukuswela ukukhanya. |
| Amathiphu amaqabunga omile, ithoni yawo incipha. | Ukuntuleka kokunisela. | Ungavumeli inhlabathi engaphezulu yomile futhi ungakhohlwa ukufafaza isitshalo. |
| Amahlamvu abe mancane futhi abe buthuntu ngokwengeziwe. | Ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba. | Yenza ukugqoka okuphezulu. |
| Amacembe aphenduka aphuzi, isitshalo siqala ukubaphonsa. | Ukuntuleka kokukhanya. | Thola indawo efanelekile ngokukhanya okwanele. |
UMnu Summer ongumhlali uxwayisa: izifo nezinambuzane
- Ama-aphid. Izinambuzane ezincane ziyavela ngaphansi kweqabunga. Engxenyeni engenhla, amabala amafomu izicubu zamaqabunga efile. Kuba yinto engathandeki ekuthinteni, kunamathele, kube sengathi kukhululwe i-resin ethile kuyo.
- I-Mealybug. Lapho kuhlangana khona iqabunga bese kudutshulwa kukhiqizwa amhlophe athi "ukotini". Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi nalo liba mhlophe.
- Isikhala sesicabucabu. Amaqabunga afakelwe kuma-cobwebs. Amabala amnyama ayabonakala (iminonjana yama-punctures).
- I-Whitefly Amaqabunga avela emthunzini wesitshalo.
- Isihlangu. Ingaphansi leqabunga limbozwe ngamathafa okusaqanda. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwakhiwa i-hue ephuzi noma ebomvu eduze kwabo.
Noma yisiphi isifo siyelapheka. Uma isitshalo sihlaselwe inkathazo ethile, izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ngesikhathi. Ezitolo ezikhethekile ngenani elingabizi ungathola amalungiselelo adingekayo ecaleni ngalinye.
Izinkolelo zabantu kulesitshalo
Uma ufuna ukufeza ukuvumelana, thola i-radermacher. Ngokwenkolelo ethandwayo, akulethi kuphela ukuletha ukuthula endlini lapho ihlala khona, kodwa futhi nokuthula emiphefumulweni yabantu abahlala kule ndlu. Lesi sihlahla sikwazi ukuvikela abanikazi baso ekulimaleni noma esweni elibi, ukuzibamba. Mhlawumbe kuyizinkolelo-ze nje, noma mhlawumbe akunjalo.
