Noma ngubani okholelwa ukuthi akabonanga i-actinidia ulungile ngokwengxenye. Omunye wayenethuba lokuvakashela iBotanical Garden noma avakashele iGadi Lephemithi - imvamisa abasanda kushada bathatha izithombe lapho bephikisana nesizinda sezithelo zomvini ezinhle ezihlotshiswe ngamakhorali amhlophe wezimbali ngoJuni. Abanye, ngenkathi behamba bezungeza iziza zasengadini, baphawula izitshalo ezikhuphukayo ezinamaqabunga apinki namhlophe angaziwa, kungathi ngopende. Futhi bambalwa abazamile i-kiwi. Lokhu futhi ku-actinidia, kepha isiShayina, noma i-actinidia emnandi.
Imvelaphi ye-actinidia nencazelo emfushane
U-Actinidia (ovela esiGrekini. ΑΑ ιτιννοοοο - - uhlobo) lwemivini enokhuni yomndeni wama-Actinidian. Kwabahlali base-Far East, Primorye noma i-Khabarovsk Territory, akukho okuxakayo kulezi zitshalo. U-Actinidia ubelokhu ehlala lapho kusukela esikhathini se-Tertiary, ngenkathi kusenezindawo eziphansi kulezo zingxenye. Ngokuqala kwamaqhwa, isimo sezulu sashintsha, kepha i-actinidia ayizange inyamalale, njengezinye izitshalo, kodwa yavumelana nezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezine ze-actinidia ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu ezikhona njengamanje zikhula eMpumalanga Ekude.
I-Actinidia - iziqaqa ezinqobayo ezinezihlahla ezinama-curly noma izihlahla eziqondile. Isiqu se-Actinidia sidinga ukusekelwa. Azinazimpande zezindiza, ngakho-ke zitshalwa eduze kwezakhiwo ngaphandle kokulimala ezakhiweni. Amahlamvu e-Actinidia abukeka kakhulu ekuhlobiseni. Zidwetshwe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusuka kokumhlophe kuya okusajingijolo, zidonsela ukunaka, zidale umuzwa weholide elihle.
Ama-Actinidia asetshenziselwa ukutshala ingadi emile, ukuhlobisa ubuhlakani bezakhiwo
I-Actinidia isitshalo esijabulisayo. Uma unomqondo hhayi nje ukuhlobisa ingadi, kodwa futhi ujabulele amajikijolo okuqala, udinga ukutshala okungenani izitshalo ezimbili. Futhi kungcono, ngisho nokukhulu kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, kwisilinganiso 1: 3, lapho inkomba ephansi ihlobene nezitshalo zesilisa. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa isitshalo sowesifazane nesidoda. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kuyabonakala ukuthi izimbali zesilisa azinayo ipistil, kanti izimbali zesifazane zinezimbili kanye nepistil. Ama-Corollas wezimbali ngokuvamile amhlophe.
Izimbali ze-actinidia zesilisa azinalo ipestle, kanti izimbali zabesifazane zinepestle kanye nokubukeka
Izithelo ze-actinidia zingamajikijolo aluhlaza omnyama, ovame ukushabalala, kepha futhi kukhona eziyindilinga. Izithelo zifinyelela ku-3 cm ubude no-1.5 cm ububanzi. Amajikijolo avuthiwe anamakha, amnandi, athambile, enezinhlamvu eziningi ezincane.
Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ngokuzayo i-actinidia izoba nenye yezindawo zokuqala ezisezingeni eliphakathi kwezitshalo zezithelo zesifunda sethu, ezikwaziyo ukususa ngokuphelele amagilebhisi ngekhwalithi yezithelo zabo ... hhayi nje ukufaka esikhundleni sabo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa, kepha zidlula kakhulu kwikhwalithi yezithelo zabo ...
I-I.V. MichurinI-Kuragodnikova G. A. Ukuhlola okuphelele kwezomnotho nakwezemvelo kokukhula kwama-actinidia eCentral Black Sea
I-Actinidia ingakhula ibe yiminyaka engama-80-100. Eminyakeni yokuqala, ikhula ngokushesha, bese yehlisa ijubane. Ukuthatha izithelo kuthatha iminyaka engaba ngu-50.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukutshala i-actinidia, kufanele uthathe isinqumo sokuthi ihloselwe ini. Ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa, ubulili bezitshalo kanye nemibandela yokukhula kwabo ayinandaba. Ukuthola isivuno samajikijolo anamakha, udinga ukuthola izithombo zezinhlobo zowesilisa nabesifazane, futhi kungcono ukukhetha izithombo zesifazane ezingaphezulu. Isikhathi esifanele sezithombo sisukela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemine.
Ukuze kutholakale i-Actinidia, izindawo ezinelanga ziyadingeka, kepha izikhala ezivulekile kakhulu zingadala ukushiswa ezitshalweni. Izindawo ezikhanyisiwe lapho lesi sitshalo sizothela khona ngesikhathi esishisayo kufaneleka kangcono.
Ekukhuleni okujwayelekile nokukhula kwe-actinidia, kudinga inhlabathi ebuthakathaka noma engathathi hlangothi, ekhishwe kahle, evundile. Ezindaweni eziphansi, kunhlabathi enobumba, ayikhuli. Njengomsele emgodini wokutshala we-actinidia, kusetshenziswa amatshe amfufula, kodwa hhayi amatshe amatshe noma amatshe achobozekile, ngoba i-calcium etholakala kuwo ingawugqinisela umhlabathi. Ngokuvela okukhulu kwamanzi asemhlabathini, kugalelwa indunduma yokufakelwa i-actinidia, izitini ezaphukile kanye namatshe amatshe asetshenziselwa ukukhipha amanzi.
Ividiyo: isivuno sokuqala se-actinidia
Lapho kungcono ukutshala umvini
Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukutshala i-actinidia emithambekweni yemvelo, lapho amanzi engagxili khona futhi izitshalo zizokhanyiswa kahle. Njengawo wonke ama-creepers, i-actinidia idinga ukwesekwa okuqinile. Kutshalwa isitshalo eduze kocingo, eduze kwendlu, kumakhonkolo noma kwakhiwa izakhiwo. Izithelo zivele phezulu komqhele, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabanga ngohlobo lokusekelwa kusenesikhathi, ukuze kuthi kamuva kulungele ukuvunwa. I-Actinidia ibonakala ngokuthwala isikhathi eside.
Akunconywa ukutshala i-actinidia eduze kwezihlahla ezinkulu zezithelo. Umakhelwane onjalo ucindezela i-actinidia, ulinciphise ilanga kanye nomswakama, kanye nokuvulwa kombuthano osondelene nesiqu zezihlahla zezithelo kulimaza izimpande zemivini ezisesimweni esihle kakhulu.
I-Actinidia ayitshalwa ezindaweni lapho ibilinywe khona ngaphambili, kepha kukhethwa indawo entsha. Ososayensi baphinde babona ukuthi izihlahla zama-apula zinomphumela omubi ekukhuleni kwe-actinidia, kuyilapho ukusondela kwama-currant bush kuyinto enhle.
Ukutshala kwe-Actinidia entwasahlobo
Izimbobo zokufakelwa zilungiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ubukhulu bezimbobo kufanele bube ngu-50x50x50 cm.Babekwa ebangeni elingaba ngamamitha elilodwa nesigamu noma amabili. Ngomthamo owanele womanyolo emgodini, ibanga lingaba lincane uma kufanele ukuhlobisa i-facade yendlu.
- Izithombo zikhethwa kusengaphambili, zisikwe ezilimele futhi zomisiwe izingxenye zezimpande namagatsha.
- Izitini ezaphukile, amatshe amatshe, amatshe amancane emifula alala phansi ezansi kwezimbobo.
- Ungqimba lwamanzi lumbozwe ngengxube ye-peat.
- Ingxube yenhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali aqukethe i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium kwisilinganiso esingu-1: 5: 1 sithululelwa ngaphezulu kwalolu ungqimba ngesigaxa; akukho ngaphezu kwe-30-40 g womanyolo ngomthombo ngamunye.
- Ama-Actinidia atshalwe ezindundwini ezinamanyolo wezimbiwa.
- Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kahle, iqiniseka ukuthi intamo yezimpande ayijulile.
- Iniselwa kakhulu futhi ihlanganiswe ngokhuni, izinaliti zikaphayini noma i-peat eyomile.
Umanyolo oqukethe i-chlorine awunakungezwa emgodini wokutshala; i-actinidia ayibekezeleli i-chlorine. Eminyakeni yokuqala, amakati ayingozi kuzithombo; alimaza amahlumela amancane ukuze ajabulele ubisi lwezitshalo. Iziqu ezinesimo esidala azihlushwa imbandezelo yekati. Izithombo ezincane zigcinwa kaningi ngocingo olwenziwe ngemisebe yensimbi.
Ukufika kwe-Autumn
Uma udinga ukutshala i-actinidia ekwindla, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lokhu akwenziwa kungakapheli amasonto ayi-2-2 ngaphambi kwesithwathwa esilindelekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, akukho mehluko: umgodi wokufika ulungiswa ngendlela ejwayelekile, ngemuva kokutshala, umgodi uhlanganiswe nge-peat, humus noma umquba. Izithombo ezincane ze-actinidia ethekwini lonyaka wokuqala. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zibekezelela kahle ubusika, ezimweni ezingazodwa, kufanele ususe kuphela amagatsha alimele yiqhwa. Asikho isidingo sokususa i-actinidia ku-trellis nekhava.
Ividiyo: Ukutshala kwe-Actinidia
Izindlela zokuzala
Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo se-angiosperm, i-actinidia ingakwazi ukusabalalisa ngokwenziwe nangokusungula okukhulu. Ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kokusanhlamvu, ukusika okuvela ezitshalweni zesilisa kugcina izakhiwo zowesilisa, nokusika kowesifazane ngokulandelana, zonke izakhiwo zezitshalo zomama. Izitshalo ezitholwe ngokusikwa ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine emva kokutshala. Uhlobo lwe-vegetative luhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-arc layits.
Lapho kusakazwa ngembewu, okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ubulili besitshalo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kokuqala, kodwa ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa, izithombo ezitholwe embewu zilukhuni ngokwengeziwe. Izitshalo ezikhule kusuka kuzithombo zithela kuphela ngonyaka wesikhombisa.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ekusakazweni kwe-actinidia, amahlumela aqinile wonyaka afaneleka kakhulu. Izilimo zigawulwa ngoJuni, lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap kungasasebenzi kangako.
- Ngomdubulo onamandla waminyaka yonke, kugawulwa igatsha elingobude bamamitha ubude.
- Bayihlukanisa ibe yimisiko ibe ngu-10-15 cm ubude, ukuze ngamunye abe nama-3 efihlekile.
- Ukusikwa okungaphansi kwinso eliphansi kudlula engela ka-45mayelana, nangaphezulu ngaphezulu ngokunqenqema, 5 cm ngaphezu kwezinso uqobo.
- Amaqabunga aphansi ayasuswa, angaphezulu asikwa ngesigamu ukunciphisa indawo yokuhwamuka.
- Uma ukusikwa kuphathwa ngeCornevin, ukubamba imbala kuzoshesha.
- Lungisa imithombo kusengaphambili ukuze ukusika kuhlukaniswe ngo-5 cm.
- Inhlabathi esezinkomeni ixubene ne-humus nesihlabathi somfula ngokwesilinganiso 2: 2: 1.
- Umanyolo wamaminerali angenawo i-chlorine (!) Unganikeli ngaphezulu kwama-gramu ayi-100 ngemitha ngalinye2.
- Ingxube yomhlabathi yenhlabathi iniselwa kakhulu, ukusikwa kutshalwe endaweni eyi-60mayelana.
- Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela, ngenkathi izinso eliphakathi lokusika lihlala lingaphezulu kweleveli yomhlabathi.
- Uma ukusika kungazange kutshalwe endaweni abamba ukushisa noma kuyo abamba ukushisa, kufakwa izimbiza ezijwayelekile zengilazi.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, qiniseka ukuthi inhlabathi inomswakama owenele, futhi ukusikwa kufafazwa kuze kube kahlanu ngosuku.
- Ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, ukusikwa kumbozwe ngamaqabunga awileyo noma utshani obunjiwe.
- Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngaphambi kokudumba kwezinso, amahlumela anezimpande atshalwe endaweni ekhethiwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Esikhathini esizayo, lapho isithombo sikhula futhi sikhula, umvini umiswa ekwakheni okuzinzile.
Ngemuva kokutshala isithombo endaweni ehlala njalo, ukwakhiwa kwemivini
Indlela echaziwe ibizwa ngenye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi "ukusikwa okuluhlaza". Kusenayo indlela yokusika enamahlumela ahlanganisiwe. Zivunwa ekwindla sekwephuzile noma ebusika: zisikwe izingcezu ezibushelelezi, ziboshwe izinyanda, zigcinwe ziqonde ebhokisini elinesihlabathi phansi (kuze kufike ku-+5mayelanaC) amazinga okushisa. Entwasahlobo, bayitshala endaweni ebamba ukushisa futhi bayinakekela ngokufana nokusika okuluhlaza.
Ukubekwa kwezimpawu
Uma ufuna ukusabalalisa isitshalo esivele sikhona se-actinidia, kukhethwa ihlumela elinamandla. Ehlobo, lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap kuncipha futhi bese kuvela amaqabunga amancanyana, ayigobisa phansi ayiphinze.
Isendlalelo sikhonkwane ngokusobala futhi simbozwe umhlaba ukuze sikhule
Indawo lapho ukusikwa kuthinta khona umhlabathi kumbozwe indunduma yenhlabathi futhi ibanjiswe. Ngasikhathi sinye, phezulu kwesembozo asilali, singaboshelwa isikhonkwane. Indunduma iyaniselwa, ihlumela elisha elivele livele lafafazwa njalo. Ekwindla, izingqimba ezigxilile zihlukaniswe yisitshalo somzali zidluliselwe endaweni engapheli.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ukuze ukhule i-actinidia kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, udinga ukubekezela ngokubekezela okukhulu. Imbewu emisha isetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela, njengoba ngokushesha ilahlekelwa ukuqhuma kwayo.
- Imbewu ithathwa ezithelweni ezithambile ezivuthiwe, ezibekwe esikhwameni noma ku-strainer enhle, ihlanzwa kahle futhi yomiswa ngefasitela emthunzini.
- Ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, imbewu esongwe ngendwangu ithululelwa ngamanzi ukuze indwangu imbozwe ngokuphelele. Amanzi ayaguqulwa nsuku zonke.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezine, kukhishwe amagwababa enzalo, akhiphe kancane bese egxotshwa esihlabathini esimanzi esimanzi esibandayo, esinezinyanga ezimbili. Ngalesi sikhathi, kanye ngesonto, imbewu iyasuswa, indwangu ayimbozwanga imizuzu emihlanu ukuze ingene umoya, igoqwe futhi, igezwe ngamanzi, igxunyekwe kancane futhi iphinde ingene esihlabathini. Kubalulekile ukuthi isihlabathi singavuthi.
- Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, ibhokisi lesihlabathi kanye nembewu kungcwatshwa ngaphakathi eqhweni.
- Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, ibhokisi lidluliselwa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa ayi-10-12mayelanaC futhi washiya amasonto angama-3-4.
- Imbewu echekiwe itshalwa enhlabathini evundile, ikhulele ekushiseni kwamakamelo kuze kuvele amaqabunga eqiniso amabili noma amathathu, bese idluliselwa endaweni evulekile.
I-Actinidia ekhulwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni inamandla kakhudlwana, kepha ithela izithelo kungekudala kwezithombo ezitholwe indlela yezitshalo, ngonyaka wesithupha kuya kwesikhombisa.
Actinidia ukufakelwa endaweni entsha
Lapho ufaka i-actinidia, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuyilimaza ngesikhathi sokugeleza okusebenzayo kwe-sap, ingafa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukufakelwa kwezithombo ezisencane kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu yobudala futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okuvulekile, noma ekwindla sekwedlule. Ukuxhaswa kwe-actinidia kungcono ukufaka kusengaphambili ukuze ungalimazi izimpande ezikhulukazi.
Ukunakekela i-actinidia, kubalulekile hhayi ukuthi uyitshale enhlabathini evundile, enamanzi kahle futhi uyinisela njalo, kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa umswakama owanele womoya, ukugwema ukulahleka kwamahlamvu.
I-Actinidia esakhiweni se-arched - umhlobiso wangempela wensimu
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Bakwethu! I-Actinidia endala kakhulu ikhula endlini yezwe lethu - ineminyaka engama-20 ubudala, kungaphansi kwalokho: iziqu sezivele zinjengezihlahla. Akukaze kube nokukhula okusha eduze kwabo. Ngamafuphi, sifake i-gazebo eduze kwabo, kepha abanye bayakhula baye eceleni. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uzithuthele ngaphansi kwe-arbor. Entwasahlobo, lapho i-actinidia isokwa, yaphuma kakhulu namajusi, ngathi empompini. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi isitshalo mhlawumbe sinemithetho yaso yokujikeleza. Ngubani owaziyo, angitshele: 1) Kunini lapho kufanelekile ukukufakisa khona - entwasahlobo, ekwindla, iyiphi inyanga ehamba phambili kulokhu? Ngo-Okthoba, i.e. Manje, kufanelekile? 2) Izimpande zahluma zangena emhlabeni kahle futhi ngokujulile. Kungenzeka yini ukuba unqume kube phezulu? Ngabe ingcebo yethu ngeke yome emva kwalokho? 3) Ungayakha kanjani into entsha yokutshala kubo, okungukuthi ukusabalalisa? Sikwazisa kakhulu i-actinidia futhi uma kwenzeka nginqume ukuyidlala ngiphephile ngeseluleko sakho. Ngiyabonga kusengaphambili ngosizo lwakho!
UGeys, isifunda saseBoguslavsky//kievgarden.org.ua/viewtopic.php?p=170831
Bengifuna ukuphendula ngaphambili, kepha i-Internet engadini ayingivumelanga ... Futhi kubonakala kimi ukuthi ayikho indlela yokufudusa umvini omdala, udinga inqubo ekhethekile yokumba uhlelo lwezimpande oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kungenzeka ukuthi luphumelele. Nginezinsimbi ezindala ezinjengezihlahla futhi angikwazi nje ukuthi ungazidlulisela kanjani - uzokubhubhisa konke ngasikhathi sinye. Futhi mayelana nokukhiqizwa kabusha - futhi ungakwazi ukugaya ihlumela, kungakuhle ukuthi uklaze amagxolo kancane, lapho kuzothinta khona umhlaba, kulula ukuqala ukuqala izimpande. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ngaphambi kokuwa okulandelayo futhi ngeke kube nalutho lokuphambukela ekubhekeni ukubamba imbanga. Kungcono nokho, ukusika okuluhlaza. Amantombazane asevele apenda yonke into - ama-smarties, ethatha ukusika ehlobo, kungcono ngoJuni - lesi isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuzala. Futhi uma ukusika kwama roses kujwayelekile, khona-ke azikho izinkinga nakancane, konke kwenziwa ngokufana. Izimbali ezimbalwa emhlabathini, kanye namaqabunga ambalwa, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusika amaqabunga amaqabunga ngesigamu ukunciphisa indawo yokuhwamuka, phezulu. bese ubeka endaweni encane bese uyimboza ngembiza. It kuvela green-abamba ukushisa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ungavula kancane futhi umoya, inhlanhla!
I-Nikusia, eKiev//kievgarden.org.ua/viewtopic.php?p=170831
Inkinga enkulu ye-actinidia yiqhwa. Kunengqondo ukumboza kusuka phezulu ngeLatrusil okungenani yebanga lama-42. Kukhulu okungcono, hhayi ukunamathela kumagatsha. Lonyaka ngimboze amapharele, ngakho-ke okungenani udle kuwo. Kodwa i-actinidia yayingenayo impahla eyanele. Babengakulindelanga ukuba kuqhwaqho ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Noma bengivele ngazi ngo-Ephreli 100% ukuthi kuzoba ngoMeyi obandayo. I-actinidia yami ihlala incipha, isivele ineminyaka engama-35 ubudala, futhi ukuphakama kwayo akubikho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2,5 ngemuva kokulungiswa. Kwimivini ethile ngiqoqa ama-12 kg amajikijolo. Manje sithole izinhlobo ezivundile zokuphikisana nge-actinidia, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Isaii. Ngizoyimboza kanye nejikijolo engeyona spiky futhi ngiyikhulise iphansi, ithela izithelo ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokutshala. Ngiyaqinisekisa ukuthi selivele liqhakazile, kepha bebengekho amajikijolo ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu. Ungaphumelela impova. Kepha wayesemncane kakhulu.
Stefan, Novopolotsk, Belarus//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=30
Olesya! Kubonakala kimi ukuthi udinga ukukhula i-Actinidia Giraldi eMontreal, inkulu kakhulu kune-colomicta, encane kakhulu kune-kiwi. Noma ngonile? Ngokuqondene nolwazi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo, khona-ke awunaphutha. Ngemuva kwalokho, mhlawumbe, kwakukhona kabusha imbewu nokukhethwa kwezithombo ezinhle kakhulu, ezazithola isimo sezinhlobonhlobo. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-actinidia zitholakala eMoVIR E.I. I-Sausage. Buyela endle. Awungeke ucabange nokuthi zingaki izinto ezenziwa lo mfazi ezenziwe. Ngendlela, ukukhethwa kwakungekho kuphela emvelweni, kodwa futhi ezindaweni zabalimi. Sisabambe iqhaza ekuzaleni eKing Botanical Garden naseMpumalanga Ekude.Yini oyithandayo ekusakazeni kwembewu: inqubo uqobo? Ilanga! Azikho izinhlobo zokuzitholela impova, kepha udinga ukuthenga i-variinal actinidia eMikhnevo, lapho kutholakala khona iMoVIR, manje kuyiqiniso ukuthi ithobela isikhungo seZingadi.
UTamara Yudina, eMoscow//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=10182
Amahlamvu amahle e-actinidia ahlanganisa igceke lendlu yezwe. Amajikijolo athambile futhi anamakha enza izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle ekudleni futhi akucebise ngenani elikhulu lamavithamini. I-Actinidia iyisitshalo esikhanga ngokulinganayo ngama-aesthetes, ama-gourmet futhi nje ufuna ukudla okusha, kugcwele amavithamini, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, hhayi amajikijolo anesithukuthezi.
