Imvamisa, umuntu akakhethi uzungu lwendawo yokuhlala ehlobo, kepha aneliswa yilokho azonikezwa emnyangweni wokwakha. Futhi lapho sisebenzisa ikotishi, kuvela ukuthi umhlaba waqhamuka nomswakama ophakeme. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla azifuni ukukhula, futhi izilimo zensimu ziqala ukulimala. Futhi okubi kakhulu ukuthi amanzi aseduze asemhlabathini angageza izindonga zesisekelo, abangele ukuthungwa kwamakamishi nokwakhiwa, futhi engaphansi kuzoba nezikhukhula njalo entwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umswakama ngokweqile ebusika uvusa inhlabathi, uyenze ivuvukale, yingakho indawo eyimpumputhe, izindlela nezinye izinto zokwakha zalesi siza zizoqala ukuqhekeka lapho seams. Umnikazi unento eyodwa kuphela - ukuhlinisa ukudonsa kwendawo ngezandla zakhe. Le nqubo ilula, ithatha amasonto ambalwa. Kodwa uzogwema izinkinga eziningi ezinzima futhi ulondoloze impilo yengadi nezakhiwo.
Ngokuya ngembangela yokugcwala kwendawo, ukudonsa amanzi kuvulekile noma kuvaliwe. Uma isiza siphethwe inhlabathi yobumba, ebambezela ukugcwala kwezulu futhi sincibilikise iqhwa ebusweni, lapho-ke ukubeka indawo ngokulandelana kwanele ukudala uhlelo lwamachibi oluvulekile lapho amanzi ngokweqile azoshiya khona umhlabathi ongaphezulu.
Isizathu sesibili sokuqina komswakama sidlula eduze komhlaba. Yibona abagcwala indawo engaphansi entwasahlobo, bacekele phansi isisekelo, bachoboze inhlabathi, futhi ungasusa inkinga kuphela ngohlelo oluqinile lwamanzi avinjelwe. Cabanga ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukudonsa amanzi esakhiweni ngezindlela ezilula kakhulu.
Ukwakha # 1 - ukuvuleka
Indlela yasendaweni
Inethiwekhi yokudonsa evulekile yadalwa ngaphandle kokuqamba uhlelo lokuqalwa noma ngalo. Inketho elula kunazo zonke yimitha yendawo, ezindaweni ezihlukile. Kwakhiwa uma inkinga yezikhukhula ithinta kuphela amaphuzu athile esiza, futhi nangaleso sikhathi sezulu elinamandla.
Izigxobo zamanzi zibekwa ezindaweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona amanzi amakhulu (eduze nemisele, eceleni komgwaqo, njll.), Bemba isitsha esivalekile noma imithombo yokufaka amanzi emhlabathini
Kulokhu, baqale babone izindawo lapho amanzi egwinyeka kaningi khona, bese begaya emgqonyeni wamanzi noma kwizitsha ezivalekile lapho kamuva bezokwazi ukuthatha uketshezi lokunisela ingadi. Njengomthetho, iningi lamanzi lihlala:
- ekugcineni kwe-gutter;
- iziza ezinobumnene - eduze kompheme nethala;
- ekucindezelekeni komhlaba ongalingani.
Uma indawo yokuqongelela amanzi iseduze komngcele wendawo, khona-ke ngosizo lomsele, kudonswa imisele ngaphandle kwayo. Futhi ezindaweni ezikude, ukungena kwamanzi kufakwa emhlabathini.
Ukuhlikihla
Inketho yesibili yokudonsa, ezuzisa kakhulu inhlabathi yobumba, ukubeka kwemisele kuyo yonke indawo. Okokuqala, babeka uhlelo emaphepheni lapho bakhomba khona inethiwekhi yonke yemisele kanye nendawo yomthombo wamanzi lapho kuzoqoqwa khona amanzi.
Ukujula komsele wokudonsa amanzi kwenziwa cishe isigamu semitha, futhi imvamisa yendawo inqunywa ileveli yokubhidliza indawo (umanzana womhlaba, imigodi eminingi kufanele ibiwe)
Ukuze uhlelo lwamanzi avulekile lusebenze kahle, imisele kufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela ekubambeni kwamanzi esikhathini esizayo. Uma ingaphezulu lomhlaba lingalingani, khona-ke bambe phansi ubume be-topography, futhi uma buthephukile, lapho-ke kuyodingeka wakhe i-bias ngokwezifiso, ngaphandle kwalokho amanzi azogcwala amanethiwekhi wokudonsa.
Inani lamamaki linqunywa izinga lomswakama wenhlabathi. Lapho ubumba luningi, amanethiwekhi okukhishwa imvamisa abekwa. Ukujula kwemisele akuyona ngaphansi kwesigamu semitha, futhi ububanzi bunqunywa ngezinga lokusondela emgodini wokudonsa amanzi kahle. Ubanzi ngumsele, oqoqa amanzi kuwo wonke umuntu futhi uwuthumele emthonjeni.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe ikhwalithi yokubaleka emiseleni engakavezwa, ngakho-ke, eminye imizamo kuzodingeka yenziwe ukukhipha lo mklamo
Ngemuva kokuba lonke uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi endaweni luthengiwe, udinga ukulihlola ukuze likholwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usebenzisa ama-hoses ajwayelekile wokunisela, umfula oqinile wamanzi (mhlawumbe kusuka kumaphoyinti amaningi ngasikhathi sinye) ufakwa emgodini futhi kubhekwe ukuthi umfudlana ungena ngokushesha kanjani emgodini wedamu. Uma kwezinye izindawo ukugeleza kuhamba kancane, khona-ke udinga ukwenza indawo ende.
Ngemuva kokubheka ukusebenza kohlelo, baqala ukuza nezindlela zokuhlobisa. Bambalwa abantu abathanda ukubukeka kwemisele yemigodi endaweni yabo, ngakho-ke bazama ngandlela-thile ukumboza. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ngegravel yezingcezu ezahlukene. Ngaphansi kugcwele amatshe amakhulu, futhi ngaphezulu kubekwe okuncane. Ungqimba wokugcina ungahlotshiswa ngisho nangama-marble chips noma amatshe ahlotshiswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngaleyo ndlela adale ukufana kwemifudlana eyomile. Kuhlala ukuhlobisa ogwini lwabo ngezitshalo eziluhlaza, futhi uhlelo lwamanzi luzophenduka lube yinto eyingqayizivele yokwakha. Izindonga ezizungeze uzungu lwethanga zingavalwa ngamagrille okuhlobisa.
Uma ushiya imisele ivulekile, kungcono ukubanikeza ukwakheka komthombo wamanzi, udale okuthile okunjengomfudlana. Kepha le ndlela kuzodingeka ukuthi ihlanzwe ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka kudoti
Kubalulekile! Ukugcwalisa imisele ngemidwebo kuvikela izindonga ekuweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise impilo yohlelo lwakho lwamanzi!
Ukwakhiwa # 2 - ukuvaleka kukadoti (okujulile)
Uma inkinga yokugcwala kwamanzi ibangelwa hhayi ngobumba, kodwa ngamanzi asendaweni aphansi, lapho-ke kungcono ukudala amanzi ajulile esizeni. Yisebenzise ngokulandelayo:
1. Thola ukujula kwepayipi. Umhlabathi omncane, kubekwa amapayipi angajulile. Ngakho-ke, kumhlabathi onesihlabathi, imisele imingcele okungenani yemitha iyadingeka, ngoba i-loam - 80 cm, yenhlabathi yobumba - 70-75 cm. Kulesi simo, ungakhohlwa ukubheka ukujula kokuqothula kwenhlabathi endaweni yakho. Kungcono uma amapayipi angaphansi kwaleli zinga. Lapho-ke ebusika ngeke banciphiswe izinsalela zomswakama nokwanda kwenhlabathi.
2. Thatha ipayipi. Namuhla, amapayipi amaningi okudonsa amanzi enziwe ngeplastiki eyenziwe ngefreyimu. Kushibhile ukwedlula i-ceramic futhi iphephile, ngokungafani nosimende we-asbestos. Kepha ipayipi kufanele livikeleke futhi ekungeneni kwezinhlayiya ezincane zomhlaba nesihlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho lizovala isikhathi futhi liyeke ukwenza imisebenzi yokudonsa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ama-geotextiles, asonga ipayipi ngalinye, kucatshangelwa uhlobo lomhlabathi.
Isihlabathi nesigaqa samatshe amatshe sidlala indima yokudonsa kokuthuthumela kanye nesihlungi esengeziwe samapayipi amanzi, singavumeli izinhlayiya ezinkulu zomhlaba kanye nemfucumfucu eletha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba
Uma umhlaba ubumba, ama-geotextiles awakwazi ukusetshenziswa, kepha amapayipi kufanele abekwe phezu komcamelo wamatshe (amasentimitha angama-20). Ku-loam, imibhede yamatshe echobozekile ayenziwa, kepha amapayipi asongwe ngendwangu yokuhlunga. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, kuyadingeka ukugoqa ngama-geotextiles bese ugcwalisa amapayipi ngamatshe aqoshwe ngaphezulu nangaphansi.
Amapayipi wamanzi akade elungiselelwe wenziwe kusuka kupulasitiki eyenziwe ngopende, evele isongwe ngendwangu yokuhlunga, ngakho-ke ayidingi umsebenzi owengeziwe lapho ibekwa
3. Silungiselela izindawo zokuphuza amanzi. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukumbiwa, udinga ukunquma ukuthi amanzi akho azogobhoza kuphi. Kungamane kube ukuphuma kwepayipi elingaphandle kwendawo lapho elizowela khona emgodini. Kepha kungcono ukwenza i-drainage kahle. Uzosiza ngonyaka owomile, ngoba la manzi angasetshenziselwa izidingo zengadi. Futhi akwenzeki njalo ukuthi kususwe uhlelo lwamanzi kusayithi.
4. Umsebenzi womhlaba. Ama -chess amba emthambekeni oya endaweni ethathwa kuyo amanzi. Tentatively - kufanele kube-7 cm wokuthambekela ngemitha nganye yomgodi. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ibanga nezinga lesakhiwo. Ukuhlelwa okuhle kakhulu kwezihlahla zemithi yisihlahla sikaKhisimusi, lapho kuwo wonke amagatsha aseceleni egobhoza igatsha elilodwa elisenkabeni adalwe ipayipi elibanzi. Futhi kuwo, amanzi angena emthonjeni.
5. Ukulungiselela phansi kwemisele yemibhobho yokubeka. Lapho inethiwekhi yemisele imbiwe, kubalulekile ukulungiselela phansi ngamapayipi wokubeka. Akufanele kube namaconsi kuso, ngoba ezindaweni zamakhefu ipulasitiki izoqala ukugqashuka ngaphansi kwesisindo somhlabathi. Kulula kakhulu ukwakha isichibi se-cushioning. Ukuze wenze lokhu, u-10 cm wesihlabathi esibunjiwe uthululelwa ezansi, kuthi phezulu ungqimba olufana nolwakhiwe. Futhi sekuvele kubekwa amapayipi kuyo. Uma ngenxa yesizathu esithile ukubuyiswa kwemali kungenakwenzeka, khona-ke wonke umsele uhlanganiswe ngokwengeziwe ngama-geotextiles ukuvikela ukuthungwa kwamapayipi.
Kubalulekile! Thatha indwangu yokuhlunga yobuncane obuphansi, ngaphandle kwalokho amanzi ngeke akwazi ukudabula ngokushesha ezindongeni zawo.
6. Ukubeka uhlelo lwamanzi. Onke amapayipi abekwa emiseleni futhi ahlanganiswe kwinethiwekhi eyodwa esebenzisa amatomu neziphambano.
Ukuxhuma amapayipi okuhambisa amanzi kunethiwekhi eyodwa, kusetshenziswa izinto ezengeziwe ezinjengeziphambano namazolo, ukuzikhetha ngokuya ngokobubanzi bamapayipi
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlelo lugcwele ungqimba lwesihlabathi kusuka phezulu, bese kuba ngamatshe achobozekile (10-15 cm ngesendlalelo ngasinye). Isikhala esisele sihlanganiswe nomhlaba ojwayelekile, sakha ama-roller ngaphezulu kweleveli yomhlabathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingqimba ziyozinza, futhi izindunduma ziyohlangana nobuso benhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokuthi imfucuza esakhiweni yenziwe, kungakuhle ukuthi ungayishayeli ngemishini esindayo ukuze ungabhubhisi uhlelo. Kungcono ukuqeda wonke umsebenzi wokwakha oyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kokudala inethiwekhi yokudonsa, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuwuvuselela kunokudala okusha.
