Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-petunia hybrids. Imithetho yokukhula nokunakekela izitshalo

I-Petunias yizimbali ezithandwayo futhi zisezikhundleni eziphambili phakathi kwezitshalo zonyaka. Lokhu kubangelwa ukunakekelwa okukhazimulayo nokucacile okuqondile. Zingahlwanyelwa embhedeni wembali, futhi emgodini noma emphemeni wendlu.

I-Petunia Bloom ivame ukumelelwa yimvula yamanzi ye-inflorescences evumela ukuthi ujabulele umbono wakho kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ezifudumele kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi yekwindla.

Kuyini?

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-200 eyedlule, ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseBrazil naseNingizimu Melika, izinhlobo zokuqala ze-petunias zitholakale. Njengoba igama elithi "petunia" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ugwayi", linikezwe ku-genako Tabakov. Namuhla, i-petunia iyingxenye yesitshalo se-shrub, izitshalo ze-herbaceous, futhi imelwe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezingaphezu kuka-40 zezimbali.

Angayithokozisa iso kokubili isizini kanye nesikhathi eside. Ukuvela kwe-petunia, okuvame ukumelelwa ukukhwabanisa ama-inflorescences.. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ngesimo sezihlahla ngeziqu eziqondile noma ezinwabuzelayo. Kulezi ziqu kukhona ama-ovari amaningi, ekugcineni aphenduke izimbali ezinhle ezibonakalayo ezikhangayo, kodwa ngokuvamile zivutha iphunga elimnandi.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezici zazo

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-petunias, ezihluke ngokuma, umbala nokubukeka kwezimbali. Ngokwemvelo, i-petunia ihlukaniswe ngokuthi:

1. i-large-flowered;
2. abaningi-bathembisa

Eyokuqala ibonakala ngesakhiwo esingavamile ngezimbali ezinkulu, kanti okwesibili yizimbali ezincane zembala ekhanyayo. Futhi, lezi zinhlobo ziyahlukahluka endaweni yazo yokukhula. Njengoba i-petunia enkulu-enamanzi ihle kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemeteorological, it ikakhulukazi itshalwe ukuhlobisa embiza. Izimbali eziningi ezinamanzi zihlushwa kancane futhi zijabulisa iso ku-flowerbeds ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-petunia hybrid ziyahlukahluka.

I-Picotee

Kucatshangwa ukuthi isitshalo saminyaka yonke kanye nama-blooms ngenkathi efudumele.. I-inflorescence inikezwa ngesimo somngcwabo ngomgqomo omhlophe noma obomvu.

Mirage Velvet

Ukukhuphuka, eziningi zezitshalo zonyaka. Imbali inikezwa ngokubomvu, ngesimo somngcwabo onobuningi obubanzi.

Primetime

Ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhula njengesitshalo saminyaka yonke nge-inflorescences ekhanyayo, enikezwe ngemibala ehlukene. Lezi zikhala zibizwa ngokuthi izitshalo ezimnyama. Ingakwazi ukufinyelela kumitha ekuphakameni.

Aladdin

Imbali ye-twine ekujuleni kwesihlahla. Izimbali zingavezwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene, futhi amaqabunga ajwayelekile kakhulu.

Terry

Futhi, kunezingxube namaxube we-petunias. Ummeli okhanyayo wokuxuba yi-terry petunia. Igama lakhe likhuluma ngokwalo. Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, emaphethelweni wezikhala eziba yizivunguvungu, futhi ama-inflorescences ngokwabo aphelile. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi okuyinhloko kungukungabikho kwe-terry petunia esimweni esibi sezulu.

Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-petunia terry kule vidiyo ewusizo:

Kuphi futhi kanjani ukutshala i-hybrid?

Ukukhula okuphumelelayo kwe-petunias hybrid, kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho yokufika kwayo. Kukhona amathuba okutshala ngokusebenzisa imbewu noma izithombo.

Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala imbewu yileli minyaka eyishumi yesibili kaMashi. Kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi, ehlanganisa i-peat nesihlabathi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuba uhambise kahle inhlabathi bese uhlunga ungqimba ophezulu ngaphezu kokubekwa kwembewu.

Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zembewu njenge:

• Okuncane. Uma iphuma, ixubene nesihlabathi futhi isakaze phezu kwenhlabathi, bese ifafazwa kancane kubo. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuthulula nokumboza nge-foil.
• I-granular umhlaba usebenzisa amaqhwa. Ukuze kube lula ukuthutha nokuthuthukiswa kangcono kwesitshalo, kubalulekile ukutshala lolu hlobo lwembewu emgqeni.

Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kwezifo zezitshalo, kubalulekile ukuqapha i-condensate kwifilimu bese uyihlanza ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuze uvimbele, kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe amanzi esikhundleni sokuphalaza ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Uma i-leaflet yokuqala ikhula, kubalulekile ukususa ifilimu, ukunciphisa amandla okuphuza nokufafaza inhlabathi ngesihlabathi.

Kuyinto elula ukutshala imbewu ezigodini ezifihliwe nge-lid.. Ngokuqondene nezithombo, kufanele itshalwe phambi kwamaqabunga angu-4 esitshalweni emhlabathini ngokubunjwa okufanayo. Kunconywa ukujula, ukubunjwa kwezimpande eziqinile.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukulondoloza isimo semvula somhlabathi, ukuyikhulula, ukuyihlwanyela. Futhi kukhona ukuvumelanisa kwezitshalo. Yenziwa ngokufaka izithombo ze-petunia okwesikhashana ekamelweni elinamazinga aphansi okushisa.

Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo ze-petunia kwenzeka esikhathini esifudumele enhlabathini evulekile. Umanyolo wePetunia kule nkathi akudingekile. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, udinga ukumbamba isitshalo.

Izidingo zomhlaba

Izindawo zokukhula kwe-petunia zingaba kokubili embizeni nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Ngokuqondene nomhlabathi, i-petunia ayifuni, kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu le-nitrogen ekubunjweni kwalo liyokwenza ukuthi ukukhula kwesitshalo kube nomthelela omuhle. Ngenxa yokuthambekela kwezifo ze-fungal, akukhuthazwa ukuba ugeze petunia nge-humus.

Emva kokuphela kwenkathi ebandayo ungangena. Uhlelo lwezitshalo lwezitshalo luthuthukiswe ngokwanele, ngakho-ke ukuvumelanisa kuzokwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ukukhanyisa nendawo

Indawo enhle kakhulu yokukhula kwe-petunias kubhekwa njengendawo ezolile futhi yelanga, ngoba i-thermophilic futhi isengozini yokushintsha isimo sezulu. Ngokuphathelene nesayithi lokufika, lingamelwa kokubili ngendlela yokulala embhedeni, nokuvuleka. Ungalokothi ukhohlwe yizindawo ezinjalo zokukhula kwe-petunias njengebhodi elilenga kanye nembiza. Ngokuvamile bahlobisa ama-balconies noma iziqephu zezindlu.

Ungayinakekela kanjani?

Ukunakekela i-petunias kuhlanganisa ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwama-inflorescences aphelile ekubunjweni kokuqala kwamasha. Inhlabathi kufanele igcinwe imanzi futhi ikhululekile. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhuma komswakama akuvumelekile. Ukunisela kuphakanyiswa kusihlwa. Ukudla akufanele kube ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu ngenyanga bese kunamathele ngokuqinile kumanani. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo sisongelwa ukufa.

Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukubukeka kwesitshalo ukuthola umanyolo ofanele:

• lapho uthenga amaphepha ezinombala obomvu udinga umanyolo we-phosphate;
• lapho kuvela amabala aphuzi - Umanyolo, owenziwe ngensimbi;
• ekwenzeni i-bud formation badinga umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium.

Izifo ezivamile nezilokazane

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukunakekelwa okungafanele kungabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo. I-Petunias iyingozi kakhulu yokutheleleka.:

• Grey ukubola. Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo, amaqabunga ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama, bese esomile futhi ehlanganiswa ne-fluff. Kungenzeka ukuthi ungcweliswe ukungena kwefungus enhlabathini.
• Umkhuhlane we-powdery kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Isibonakaliso sangaphandle salesi sifo siqhakaza esimhlophe emaqabunga.
• Umlenze omnyama. I-stem kancane iyancipha futhi ihlume, futhi amaqabunga aphuzi.

Kubalulekile! Uma ngabe isitshalo sibhekene nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo, i-petunia akufanele itshalwe endaweni yokukhula kwayo.

Ukulwa nalezi zifo kusetshenziswa njengamakhambi omuntu, kanye namalungiselelo okwelapha. Nokho, ngaphandle kwezifo ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ziyingozi ku-petunias:

• Aphidehlanganisa zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, izindawo ezithintekayo, ne-fungus eyakhelwe kuwo, iguqula ngaphakathi kwipayipi.
• Isibungu se-spiderokuyinto ekhetha ngendlela yokwenza indawo yangaphakathi yamakhasi, ukwakha iwebhu kuyo yonke indawo. Uhlangothi lwangaphandle lwesitshalo lumbozwe amabala amhlophe, futhi emva kwesikhashana, amaqabunga aphelile futhi awa.
• Thrips. Lezi zinyosi ezincane ezimnyama zitholakala endaweni ngamaqembu kuphela kumaqabunga. Emva kwabo, amaqabunga omisiwe avela emaqabunga, futhi izimbali ziyawa.

Izici zokuzala

Ukusabalaliswa kwe-petunia kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa imbewu, izithombo, ukusika:

• Indlela eyisiqalo kunazo zonke kubhekwa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombo.. Noma kunjalo, ukungalungi okukhulu kungaba yindleko ephezulu.
• Ukusika kunesidingo phakathi kwabalimi bezimbali abanolwazi. It ikuvumela ukuba uthole isihlahla enhle ngezimbali njalo. Isikhathi esifanele kunazo zonke sithathwa njengokuqala kwentwasahlobo.
  1. Ngaphambi kokuhlukanisa isiqu kusukela esitshalweni esikhulu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izifo ezihlukahlukene.
  2. Okulandelayo, kufanele uqinisekise ukukhula kwezimpande, ngokufaka petunia emanzini noma esihlabathini.
  3. Ukugqugquzela ukukhula, kubalulekile ukugcoba amaqabunga.
• Indlela encane ethandwa kakhulu yokuzalanisa i-petunias ibhekwa njengendlela yokulima.. Ihlale ihambisana nezinkinga ezithile nezinkinga ezithile. Imbewu kudingeka itshalwe enhlabathini ngomunye, futhi lokhu ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Futhi, ukutshala kwembewu kulandelwa ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, okubandakanya ama-nuances amaningi.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Uma ukhula i-petunias, kunethuba lokuhlangana nezinkinga ezithile.:

1. Nge sitshale ukufanoma uma izithombo zingakaze zikhule, isizathu esiyinhloko kubhekwa njengokutshala kwembewu enhle.
2. Kutholakale futhi ukunciphisa izithombo ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lokhu kwenzeka ekukhanyeni okuphansi, ukuchelela ekushiseni okuphansi noma ukususa ifilimu kusengaphambili. Ukuze ukwakhiwa okulungile nokuhle kwesihlahla se-petunia, kubalulekile ukugcoba noma ukugcoba. Le nqubo iyinhloko yezinso eziyinhloko, ukwandisa ukukhula komzimba. Ukunamathisela kuyindlela ebalulekile.
3. Abanini bezamasimu babhekana nenselele ukuphuza amahlamvu okuqala e-petunia. Le nkinga ivela lapho izinga lokushisa lidonsa, ukungabi nensimbi, noma ukunqotshwa kwesicabucabu.

I-hybrid petunia iboniswa yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezinokubukeka okuhle nokukhangayo. Ukuphakama kwe-petunia bloom kwenzeka ezinyangeni zokuqala zasehlobo. Nokho, ukulondoloza ubuhle balesi sitshalo kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nangokujwayelekile. Uma i-petunia inikezwa konke okudingekayo, kuyoba mnandi iso isikhathi eside.