Ukuthola izaqathe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zijwayeze ukutshala ubusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi hhayi kuphela isikhathi esifanele, izinhlobo ezifanele zesifunda sakho, kodwa nezinye izimfihlo.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwekherothi lokutshala ekwindla
Ukufakelwa phansi kobusika kunika izici ezilandelayo ezinhle:
- Ukuvunwa kwamavithamini kungatholakala ngaphambili. Uma izitshalo zimbozwe ngefilimu, khona-ke isivuno sezimpande siyovuthwa inyanga ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo.
- Ubusika buhlukahluka ekukhethweni kwemvelo, imbewu esindayo inamandla kakhulu, futhi kubo kutholakala izithelo ezinempilo.
- Akukho ukushoda komswakama, njengoba iqhwa elincibilikayo linikeza amahlumela amasha ngenani elifanele lamanzi.
- Izinambuzane ezithinta izilimo zezimpande zisalalisa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Okubi kufaka phakathi isiphetho sokutshala kwekwindla izaqathi ukudubula. 
Izaqathi
Awukwazi ukutshala izaqathe ekwindla uma ufuna ukugcina isivuno isikhathi eside. Udinga ukuyidla ngesikhathi sasehlobo-ekwindla.
Ukufihla kokuhlwanyelwa ubusika
Ukutshala izaqathe ebusika kulula, kepha udinga ukwazi izimfihlo ezincane zobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Iphutha eliyinhloko isivuno sokuqala kwezimpande.
Njengoba isimo sezulu sehluka minyaka yonke, udinga ukunquma usuku lokufika kwakho, unaka izincomo ezijwayelekile zochwepheshe:
- Inyanga ingo-Okthoba, Novemba, ngisho noDisemba, kuye ngesifunda.
- Ukushisa - Amaviki angu-1-2 agcina + 2 ° C, kepha hhayi aphansi kuno--5 ° C.
- Ukuntuleka kwezimvula ezinkulu.
Ngesifunda
| Isifunda | Inyanga | Ukukhosela ekujuleni |
| Iningizimu, iTerrasnodar Territory | maphakathi noNovemba - ekuqaleni kukaDisemba | 3 cm. |
| Ephakathi, eSifundeni saseMoscow | november | Cm 5. I-Mulch (peat, humus 3 cm, amagatsha e-spruce). |
| Enyakatho, eSiberia, e-Ural | Okthoba | Mboza ngezinto ezingasuki, amagatsha e-spruce. |
Ngokusho kukhalenda lenyanga ngo-2018
Izinsuku ezifanele ukutshala izaqathe ekwindla zinqunywa ikhalenda lenyanga. Ngo-2018, lezi zinombolo ezilandelayo:
- Okthoba - 4, 5, 15, 16, 27-29;
- Novemba - 2-5, 11-13, 21, 22, 25, 26.
Zama ukugwema ukufika ebusika kusuka ngo-Okthoba 8 kuye ku-10 no-24, ngoNovemba - kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-8, 23.
Ukukhetha izinto zokutshala
Ngokutshala kwekwindla, kukhethwa izinhlobo ezingamelana neqhwa. Njengomthetho, lezi yizinkathi zaphakathi nonyaka nokuvuthwa sekwephuzile.
Ngenxa yokubuya kwesithwathwa, izaqathi zokuqala ezivuthiwe azilungele ukutshala ubusika. Kusukela amahlumela amasha okuqala awakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa. Ngenxa yokwanda kokuqhuma kwentwasahlobo ukuze kudubule, kukhethwa izinhlobo ezingamelana nezimbali.
Izinhlobo ezilandela ukumelana nokubanda ezifuneka kakhulu zokutshala ubusika ezifundeni zaseRussia yile:
| Ibanga | Isikhathi sokuhluma (izinsuku) | Incazelo | Isifunda saseRussia |
| I-Nantes-4 | Isizini ephakathi (80-110) | Izithelo - 16 cm, kuze kufike ku-g g.Uma bumbililili. Ithiphu iyindilinga. Kuqukethe ushukela omningi, i-carotene. | Zonke izifunda. |
| Losinoostrovskaya 13 | Isizini ephakathi (110) | Izithelo ziba ngu-15 cm ngo-4,5 cm, ngu-100 g. Umumo uyisilinda esidala. Ithiphu iyakhonjwa. Amelana nokuqhakaza. | Zonke ngaphandle kweNyakatho, ama-Urals aseningizimu, i-East Siberian. |
| Shantane 2461 | Mid ekuseni (70-100) | Izithelo - 15 cm ngo-5.8, kuze kufike ku-250 g. Isimo sithandeka. Ithiphu iyisithulu. Ukugcina ikhwalithi enhle. | Zonke izifunda. |
| Vitamin 6 | Isizini ephakathi (95-120) | Izithelo - 15 cm ngo-5 cm, kuze kufike ku-165 g. Ubume buyi-cylindrical. Ithiphu iyisithulu. Amelana nokuqhakaza. | Konke ngaphandle kweNyakatho Caucasus. |
| I-Callisto | Isizini ephakathi (90-110) | Izithelo zingama-25 cm, zingadluli kuma-g g ayi-120. Umumo uyisilinda esidala. Ithiphu iyakhonjwa. Phezulu kuVitamin A. | Ephakathi. |
| Akunakuqhathaniswa | Mid-late (100-120) | Izithelo - 17 cm ngo-4,5 cm, cishe 200 g. Ijamo liyi-cylindrical. Ithiphu iyisithulu. Ukubekezelela isomiso. | ISouth Urals, Isifunda saseMoscow, North Caucasus, Far East. |
| Ubusika baseMoscow | Ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile (120-130) | Izithelo - 17 cm, 170 g. Isimo sithandeka. Ithiphu iyisithulu. Amelana nokuqhakaza. Ukugcina ikhwalithi enhle. | Ilungele iMid Strip. Inconyelwe zonke izifunda. |
| Indlovukazi yasekwindla | Ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile (115 -130) | Izithelo - kufika ku-30 cm, 230 g noma ngaphezulu. Ijamo libunjiwe. Ithiphu ikhonjwa kancane. Unqabe ukudubula. | Ikakhulu eyaseNyakatho. |
| U-Altai umfushane | Isizini ephakathi (90-110) | Izithelo - 20 cm, 150 g. Ukwakheka kuyicylindrical. Ithiphu iyindilinga. Ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi. | Ikhulukazi iSiberia ne-Urals. |
| Dayana | Ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile (120-150) | Izithelo - 28 cm, 210 g. Isimo sithandeka. Ithiphu iyisithulu. Umelana nokuqisa kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi. | ISiberia, ama-Urals. |
Ukukhetha isiza
Lapho ukhetha indawo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izithombo zizoqala ukukhula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa lizobe liselele emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, indawo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga, kungcono ukhethe igquma elincane ukuze iqhwa lincibilike ngokushesha.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi unake izitshalo ezakhula ngaphambi kwalokho engadini eyenzelwe izaqathe.
| Abandulelayo abahamba phambili | Abanduleli ababi kakhulu |
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Akunconyelwe ukutshala izaqathe ebusika endaweni lapho isivuno lesi sivunwe khona ekwindla. Umbhede onjalo ulungele ukutshala kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-3-4.
Ukulungiselela umbhede
Umbhede wokutshala ulungiswa kusengaphambili (kangcono ngenyanga):
- Umhlaba ukhululiwe ukhula, wembiwa waba ngu cm 30 cm obukhulu.
- Kufakwa umquba kumitha eyi-skwele elilodwa: kusetshenziswa ingilazi yomlotha wezinkuni, 3 kg yento ebunjiwe ebunjiweyo, 30 g we-superphosphate, 15 g kasawoti we-potassium.
- Kwakhiwa amaGrooves - ukujula okungamasentimitha angama-3-6 (ngokuya ngesifunda), ibanga phakathi kwawo lingama-20 cm.
- Imbozwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe noma ifilimu.
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukufakelwa kwamatshe kwenziwa ngokwesikimu esilandelayo (kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuthi umhlaba kufanele ube yiqhwa nje):
- Imbewu isatshaliswa emigodini ebangeni elingamasentimitha ama-2 ukusuka komunye nomunye (ukufinyelwa kunasekutshaleni kwentwasahlobo).
- Igcwele inhlabathi engadini efudumele (elungiselelwe kwangaphambili). Izitshalo zifakwe phakathi (ngokuya ngesifunda).
- Kuhlanganisiwe.
- Uma kuneqhwa, ukulala okuncane kubo.
- Imbozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce.
Okubalulekile: Musa ukuthoba izinhlamvu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela izaqathe ebusika.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezitshalo
Ebusika, ukutshala, izilimo azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi isembozo seqhwa sikhulu ngokwanele futhi imbewu ayiqandisi.
Entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa liphela, kubalulekile ukususa indawo yokukhosela (i-mulch, amagatsha ama-spruce) bese ubeka ifilimu noma izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, uma bekungenjalo (mhlawumbe kuma-arcs amancane).
Ngokuzayo, ukunakekelwa kwe-karoti kuyafana nokutshala kwentwasahlobo:
- Ukhula lukhipha ukhula kukhula.
- Ukuvula izindlela, zokucebisa umoya-mpilo.
- Khipha izitshalo lapho kuvela amaqabunga angempela ambalwa (ibanga eliphakathi kwezilimo eziyimpande lingaba ngu-2 cm).
- Lapho amahlumela ekhula kancane (amasonto ama-3) ukuphinda ukuncipha (shiya u-5 cm).
- Uma intwasahlobo isomile, thela izitshalo.
