Imbali yokuqala engaphakathi, i-stapelia, idonsela ukunakwa lapho kufika isikhathi sokuqhakaza. Izimbali zayo ezinkulu ezizodwa zinesimo esihle esijwayelekile, amathunzi angajwayelekile nephunga eliyingxenye - isitshalo siheha izimpukane.
Akadingi izinambuzane zokudla, kepha zokuzungeza impova kanye nokwakhiwa kwembewu. Ezifundeni zaseNingizimu Afrika, lapho isitshalo sivela khona, azikho izinyosi noma izimvemvane.
Incazelo
Lesi sitshalo ngesikaKutrovy (Lastovnyh) womndeni, kuhlobo lokutholwa. Izimbali zihlukile, kusuka kokuncane, kuze kufike ku-5 mm, ukuya kokukhulu - amasentimitha angama-30 .. Kumasango angaphakathi endlini - ama-5-6 cm. Ukwakheka kuyinkanyezi ejwayelekile enamakhomba amahlanu, okusikhumbuza insimbi evulekile kakhulu.
Amathunzi - inyama-burgundy, nsundu, i-beige kumucu omnyama noma i-nettle. Ezinye izinhlobo zinezimbali ezinkulu kakhulu ze-pubescent.
Incazelo yokubukeka okujwayelekile: iziqu ziyisithunzi ezolile sombala oluhlaza okotshani, ohlaza okotshani, osibhakabhaka, elangeni zingaba yi-violet-brownish. Ziningi, zibunjiwe, zinemiphetho eyenziwe nge-serated, zingafinyelela ubude obuyi-60 cm. Akunamaqabunga.
Umehluko kusuka ku-cactus
Isitshalo sivame ukudidaniswa ne-cactus. Impela, isiqu saso esinamabibi sifana ne-epiphyllum, esivame ukuvuthwa emasikweni egumbi futhi iyi-cactus. Kodwa-ke, i-stapelia ayihlangene naleli qembu lezitshalo. Lokhu kuthakazelisa okuvela emndenini weLastovnev (kugeleza ama-Nations). Ngenkathi i-cacti ingeyamalungu omndeni wakwaCactus (ama-clove oda).
Izinhlobo
Amakamelo akhula ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo (kwesinye isikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlobonhlobo ngephutha) ze-slipway.
| Igama | Incazelo |
| I-stapelia enkulu enezimbali ezinkulu noma i-grandiflora (S. Grandiflora) | Izimbali maroon, ziyefana nezinkanyezi, zinkulu kakhulu - cm 15-20. Izinhlobo zezimbali ezinkulu azinaphunga. Kunokubukwa kwe-Stapelia tavaresia grandiflora. Naphezu kwegama elifanayo, inezimbali ezahlukahlukene ngokuphelele. Babukeka njengezinsimbi ezinkulu ezinde. |
| I-Stapelia Varigated (I-Stapelia variegata) | Izimbali 5-8 cm, ezixakile, ziphuzi okukhanyayo, ezihlanganisiwe, ngamahlamvu amnyama. Ukuhogela kuyashiwo impela. |
| Giant stapelia (Stapelia gigantea) | Inezimbali ezinkulu, kuze kufike ku-35 cm ubukhulu. Umbala ophuzi, ombozwe ngokucebile ngemigqa emnyama. Iphunga liqinile, likhumbuza inyama ebolile. |
| I-Stapelia Ferruginous (Stapelia glanduliflora) | Izimbali zinobukhulu obuphakathi, kuze kufike ku-5 cm, ziphuzi ngokuluhlaza, kepha ezangempela zinwele kakhulu. Izinwele zisesimweni sezikhonkwane ezincane ezinokuqina ekugcineni, zimhlophe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubonakala sengathi izimbali zimbozwe kahle amazolo. |
| I-golden purple stapelia (i-Stapelia flavopurpurea) | Izimbali zincanyana ngosayizi, zifinyelela ku-4 cm, ukwakheka - inkanyezi ehlukaniswe ngokuphelele, enamaphara amancane amade kakhulu wombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ama-petals ancibilikile, yingakho indawo yawo ifana ne-doodle. Iphunga limnandi. |
| UWilpman Stapelia (Stapelia wilmaniae, noma leendertziae) | Izimbali ezibomvu ezibabazekayo ezifana nezinsimbi ezisesimweni, ubude obuyi-12,5 cm. |
| IHirsut Stapelia, noma i-Hairy (Stapelia hirsuta) | Izinkanyezi ezibomvu ezimnyama, ezimbozwe ngokucebile ngezinwele, 5-15 cm, zifana nokubola inyama ngokubukeka nephunga. |
| I-Stapelia divaricata (iStapelia divaricata) | Izimbali zibushelelezi kakhulu, izinkanyezi ze-wax zomthunzi okhilimu okhanyayo, zipinki kancane kumathiphu weziphalanga, aze afike ku-4 cm. |
IStapelia Comb (f. Cristata) iyindlela yezinhlobo ezithile (i-gigantea, grandiflora, herrei), enezimpawu ezihlanganisiwe ezinjengezigaba zasolwandle.
I-genus guernia (hernia) iseduze kakhulu neslabha - izitshalo ezinamakhompiyutha amaningi anamahlumela angenasici futhi ahlukahlukene, bobunjwa obumangalisayo nemibala, izimbali.
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kwe-slipway
UStapeli akazithobanga, bazodinga isethi okungenani yezimo. Lesi sitshalo esihle kakhulu kubantu abamatasa abangenaso isikhathi noma isipiliyoni. Ukunakekelwa ekhaya kwale mbali kuya emithethweni elula.
Indawo, Ukukhanyisa
Ukukhanyisela isitshalo kudinga kukhanye, kepha iziqu zingonakaliswa ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, kuze kufike ekushiseni. Ngakho-ke, ukufukamela kuyadingeka efasiteleni laseningizimu noma kuvulandi ngenkathi esishisayo.
Qaphela ukushoda kokukhanyisa akunzima: iziqu ezibuthakathaka, ezinde, neziqu. Okweqile kunguchopho onsomi wesikhumba namabala owomile ansundu.
Ukushisa
Ehlobo, ama-slipways azokwaneliswa ngokushisa okujwayelekile kwekamelo. Ebusika, njengazo zonke izitshalo zasogwadule, kungcono + 10 ... + 14 ° C Ngesikhathi se-dormancy flower efihlekile ifakwa. Kepha uma kungekho ndlela yokuhlela ukuphola, ungashiya lesi sitshalo ekushiseni kuka + 20 ... + 25 ° ะก. Imbali ngeke ife, izophila kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Kuliqiniso, kulokhu, kuzofanele uthembele kokuqhakaza okuningi kwehlobo.
Ukunisela, umswakama
Isitshalo asidingi ukuthambisa okuningi. Ehlobo, amanzi ngokulinganisela, isikhathi esingu-1 ngesonto. Ebusika - kungcono ukwenqaba ukuthambisa. Kodwa, uma izinga lokushisa efulethini liphezulu futhi isitshalo singakaze siphumule, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka.
Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kaningi kunasehlobo, isikhathi esi-1 emavikini amabili, kuyilapho kuthuthukisa ukuhlela ukukhanyisela kwesitshalo, ngaphandle kwalokho iziqu zizoba zide kakhulu. Umhlaba phakathi kokunisela kufanele wome kahle.
Ukufafaza akudingekile, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isitshalo singagezwa, kepha kuphela ngokungcoliswa okunzima.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isitshalo asidingi okunomsoco owanele, kepha ukuze sikhule kangcono futhi siqhakaze ehlobo, ungenza noma yimuphi umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi wezimbali zasendlini noma okhethekile nge-cacti.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa emavikini ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali okulindelekile nangesikhathi sokuvela kwamahlamvu.
Umanyolo ufafazwe ngamanzi izikhathi ezi-2-3 uma uqhathanisa nomthamo ochazwe emiyalweni ukuze ungashisi izimpande. Ungakwazi ukunisela isixazululo esiphumela kuphela emhlabathini osele oswakanyisiwe.
Imithetho yokugibela kanye nokufakelwa
Isitshalo asidingeki ekwakhekeni kwengxube yenhlabathi, kepha izingxube ezinamafutha ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus akufanele zithathwe. IStapelia izohambisana nomhlabathi ojwayelekile we-cacti.
Inketho enhle yokutshala i-loam sandy ene-pH ye-5.5-7. Kudingeka kahle amanzi. Ukwakheka kwengxube eyenziwe ekhaya: umhlaba we-turf (izingxenye ezi-2), i-quartz noma isihlabathi somfula (1 ingxenye).
Imbiza idinga ukuthathwa ingekho phezulu, kepha ububanzi, uhlelo lwempande lwamasheya, ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi ezigcina umswakama ezihlahleni, azijuli futhi zihlukile emsebenzini.
1/3 wembiza igcwele amanzi. Lapho ukufakelwa, isitshalo sisusa amahlumela amadala maphakathi nendawo, awakheki izimbali eziqhakazayo.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, i-slipway ayidingi ukuniselwa izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ukugwema imiphumela elimazayo yomswakama ezimpandeni ezilimele. Lapho nje le nkathi idlula, ukuthambisa kokuqala kwenziwa.
Akudingekile ukufaka isitshalo esidala esizizwa kahle minyaka yonke; kwanele ukuvuselela amasentimitha ambalwa womhlaba ngokususa ungqimba olungaphezulu bese usifaka esikhundleni somhlabathi omusha. Amahlumela amadala ayasuswa.
Ukuzala
IStapelia isakazeka kalula ngembewu neziqu. Izilimo zihlukaniswa isiqu esiyinhloko, zifakwe emanzini noma ngokushesha ezitshalwe engxube yesihlabathi nasephungathi (ingxube yomhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo). Inketho yesibili yokuzalanisa iyancono. Ngaphambi kokufaka izimpande, le micimbi yomiswa ekushiseni kwegumbi amahora amaningi (yomile). Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze abaphulukisi abasikiwe.
Ijusi le-milky lesitshalo linobuthi, liyingozi ezinambuzaneni eziningi. Le mpahla ikwenza kudingekile ukuthi usebenze ngokucophelela ngemisiko. Lokhu ngeke kulethe ukulimala okuningi, kepha kungadala ukucasuka kolwelwesi lwama-mucous.
Ukuzala kabusha kwezimbewu kungukuzalwa, kepha futhi akubangeli ubunzima. Imbewu kulula ukuyithola ekhaya. Aqoqwa kusuka kumidumba obude, ovela ngezikhathi ezithile esitshalweni. Imbewu yezimbali ibukeka njengembewu ye-dandelion. Kuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo engxenyeni yesihlabathi neshidi lomhlabathi, kugcinwe endaweni ekhanyayo ekushiseni kuka + 24 ° C. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3-4, izithombo zizovela, zizodonswa ezimbizeni ezincane ze-unsulents (i-6-8 cm). Ngemuva konyaka, izitshalo zizoba zikhulu ngokwanele ukwenza ukufakelwa kokuqala esitsheni esisha.
Izinambuzane, izifo
I-Stapelia ingathinteka ngama-aphid, ama-mealybugs kanye nezindawo zesicabucabu, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ezimeni ezihlukile - uma kunakekelwa okungafanele. Ngokuvamile, ekhaya, lesi sitshalo sinokungazetheki okuphezulu kakhulu kwizilokazane nezifo.
Ukuphela kwephutha elikhulu wukugcwala ngokweqile noma ukusebenzisa ngokweqile ngamanyolo, noma isisindo esiningi kakhulu, somhlaba obamba umswakama. Ngomswakama ngokweqile, lesi sitshalo siqala ukugula ngokubola kwamagciwane.
Amaphutha nezixazululo
Amaphutha ayinhloko asobala esweni: isitshalo asijabulisi ukuqhakaza izimbali noma sikhule ngeziqu ezibi.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuntuleka kwemibala:
- Ubusika bufudumele kakhulu, ukuntuleka kwesikhathi sokuphumula.
- Ukucindezelwa: ukuthambisa okuningi, ukushoda kokukhanya, umanyolo omningi.
- Ukuntuleka kukamanyolo we-potash, nitrogenous ngokweqile.
- Bay, inhlabathi eminyene kakhulu, amanzi angasebenzi kahle.
Uma iziqu zeluliwe, i-slipway ayinakho ilanga. Udinga ukuyihlela kabusha kwisilayida esilula, wenze izibani noma uhlele izimo ezipholile.
Amaphutha ekunakekeleni i-slipway akuvamile, ukutshala kwalesi exotic kunganconywa ngokuphepha kubaqalayo. Futhi abatshali bezimbali abasebenza kahle ngeke badlule. Isitshalo siqala kakhulu futhi sidonsela ukunakwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwembali akugcini ngokuhlobisa kwayo nokungajwayelekile. Izazi zezinkanyezi zikholelwa ukuthi i-stapelia ixosha amandla amabi efulethini.
