I-Phalaenopsis umuthi ongapheli kusuka emndenini we-Orchidaceae. Kuyi-epiphyte, okungukuthi, ikhula ezihlahleni nasegatsheni zezihlahla, kepha ayizihlakuleli. Ungahlangana naye emahlathini anomswakama ase-Australia, ePhilippines naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Imvamisa, kuma-orchid ahlukahlukene, ama-phalaenopsis angatholakala endlini. Uhlobo lwayo olungenakungabaza nokuqhakaza okukhulu kwezimbali kushiya ithuba labancintisana. Kwamanye amazwe, lesi sitshalo sibizwa nge- “butter butter orchid” noma “isichuse sika-Aphrodite”. Ngempela, izimbali ezikhanyayo zifana namabhu noma isliphu esihle, futhi zivame nokukhipha iphunga elimnandi.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Phalaenopsis iyi-epiphytic herbaceous perennial ukuphakama okungama-15-70 cm. Kuboniswa ngohlobo lwe-monopodial uhlobo lwama-branching, ngakho-ke ukukhula kukhulunywa ngqo phezulu. Izinqubo zangemuva azakhiwa. Uhlelo lwezimpande alunama-pseudobulbs. Simelelwa izinqubo ezakhiwe zintambo eziminyene. Ezinye zazo zisemhlabathini, kanti ezinye zitholakala phezulu futhi zinombala omhlophe okotshani. Ukuba khona kwe-chlorophyll kwenza izimpande ezibandakanyekile kwinqubo ye-photosynthesis. Babuye bathola ukudla kanye nomswakama ovela emkhathini.
Eduze kwenhlabathi ngamafuphi kakhulu, isiqu se-squat singamaqabunga amaqabunga angama-4-6 ahlala eqabile. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-ovate noma e-oval onqenqemeni oluyindilinga akhula ngo-5-30 cm ubude bawo. Umbala wawo uluhlaza noma mhlophe. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga ama-monophonic noma ama-mosagated zitholakala.
IPhalaenopsis idume ngokuqhakaza izimbali ezinde (izinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu). Ungaqala ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka. Okokuqala, i-peduncle ende, enamagatsha amakhulu ikhula kusuka kuma-axils amaqabunga. Iphatha izimbali eziningi ezinkulu, eqoqwe ngama-inflike-like noma ama-racemose inflorescence ngama-budule angama-3-40. I-corolla enamaphara ayindilinga obanzi ifana kakhulu novemvane ophuzi, opinki, o-burgundy noma omhlophe. Izindebe zivame ukuba nombala ohlukile, bese kuthi ezansi zihlukaniswe ngama-lobes ayi-2 noma ama-3. Ububanzi bentyatyambo bungama-2-15 cm.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimbali zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlobo olufanayo zihlukile kakhulu ngephunga. Abanye abanayo nhlobo, kanti abanye bakhipha iphunga elinamandla noma elimnandi. Kungahle kube mnandi, kube mnandi, kube yi-tart noma ku-musty, kuphoxeke.
Izinhlobo zePhalaenopsis
Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingama-70 zezitshalo zibhalisiwe kuhlobo. Ngenxa yokungabekezeleleki kwayo, i-phalaenopsis nayo yaba yisisekelo se-interspecific ne-intergeneric hybrids. Okugqamile kakhulu kwalokho dendrobium phalaenopsis. Bonke abameleli bavame ukuhlukaniswa ngobude ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
- kufika ku-20 cm - mini;
- kufika ku-55 cm - i-midi;
- cishe 70 cm - ejwayelekile.
I-Phalaenopsis imnandi. Isitshalo esinegama lesiqu esifushane siqhakaza size sifike kumakhasi angama-5 oval dense. Ubude bawo bungaba ngu-50 cm, kepha kubamele abangaphakathi bangamasentimitha ayi-15- 30. NgoMeyi-Juni, ibhulashi elikhulu liqhakaza kwi-peduncle enkulu (cishe i-80 cm ubude). Inezimbali ezingama-30 ezimhlophe ezinobukhulu obuyi-8-10 cm. Umlomo ubomvu noma uphuzi.
Phalaenopsis Schiller. I-epiphyte enotshani ikhula amaqabunga angama-oyingi o-oyingi ongu-3-7. Ngaphezulu kobuso bawo obumnyama obuluhlaza kukhona iphethini yemabula yesiliva. Uhlangothi lwe-Flip lubomvu-ubomvu. Ubude bamaqabunga buyi-25-50 cm. Izimbali zenzeka ngoDisemba-Mashi, lapho kuvuka isivande esikhulu ngaphezulu kwesihla seqabunga esingamamitha ayi-1 ubude. Ihlumela ngokwalo liphila cishe unyaka, kwinamba ngayinye elandelayo yokuqhuma. Amarekhodi abhalisiwe ayimibala engama-400. AmaCorollas anombala onsomi opinki. Bakhipha iphunga elimnandi elifana nephunga lama-lilacs. Ububanzi bentyatyambo bufika ku-9 cm. Engxenyeni engezansi kune-lip-redt ehlukile.
I-Phalaenopsis Stuart. Isitshalo esinezimpande eziwugqinsi obukhulu namaqabunga anamanzi ayindilinga ngoFebhuwari-Ephreli sakhiqiza i-peduncle eguquguqukayo. Esiqwini esivela ku-60 cm ubude, kunebhulashi elivulekile elinezimbali ezimhlophe ezinephunga elimnandi. Amachashazi ansomi kanye namabala zikhona emaphayini. Ububanzi be-corolla buyi-5-6 cm. Indawo ebubende ibonakala ngaphansi komlomo ophuzi onemilambo emithathu.
Phalaenopsis Luddemann. Isitshalo esibumbene esinamathafa aluhlaza okhanyayo ashiya afinyelela ku-25 cm ubude. Idume ngokuqhakaza izimbali zayo ikakhulukazi, ezingahlala kuze kube unyaka. On the peduncle, kufika ku-7 ama-buds anama-peins a-pink-onsomi aqhakazile. Ububanzi bentyatyambo abudluli ku-7 cm. Izimbali zihambisana nephunga elimnandi elimnandi.
Izindlela zokuzala
Yize ngokwemvelo ama-phalaenopsis esakazeka ngembewu, ezimweni zakamakamelo kuphela izindlela zezitshalo zama-amateur zitholakala kubalimi be-amateur. Uma umcibisholo wezimbali uvela ngoMashi, bese unqunywa ngaphandle kokulinda ukuqhakaza. Kunamahlumela okulala esihlumeni angakha ama-rosette amasha. Ukuqothuka kwenziwa ezinso ukuze kususwe izikali. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukusikwa okuphansi kuphathwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka somanyolo wamaminerali futhi i-peduncle ihlelwe ebhodweni elinobukhulu obuncane. Ukusuka phezulu kumbozwe nge-cap esobala. I-brown plaque ingakheka ngokushesha kusikeki, kepha ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15 inyamalale. Ukukhishwa okusha kuphuma ekupheleni kwenyanga yesithathu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukufakelwa kwenziwa futhi indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa.
Kwesinye isikhathi, yize kungenzeki kaningi kakhulu, kuma-peduncle, ama-buds avuka ngokuzimela futhi izingane zakha. Zingavela futhi ngaphansi kwesakhiwo seqabunga. Igatsha likhiqizwa ezinyangeni ezi-1-2 ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Izindawo ezinamaqabunga okungenani amaqabunga amancane nezincane (cishe 5 cm) izimpande zomoya zikulungele ukukhula okuzimele. Ingane inqunywa ngebhande elibunjiwe eliyindilinga. Ngaphambi kokutshala womile emoyeni amahora angama-24. Ngesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa kuyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa + 22 ... + 25 ° C.
Izinso zingahlala isikhathi eside hhayi ukuba ziqhume. Ukuphaphama kwabo kungavuswa ngokwenziwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thola ihlumela elinjalo esisekelweni se-peduncle yakudala bese usika nge-blade esikalini se-semicircular. Kususwa imibhede bese kukhishwa iqabunga elincane. Ukuze umntwana akhule ngokugcwele, kuzothatha izinyanga ezi-3-4, bese ehlukaniswa futhi atshalwe endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo.
Imithetho Yokudlulisa
Njengoba sesithenge i-phalaenopsis eqhakaza esitolo, akunakwenzeka ukuyifaka lapho. Le nqubo iyacindezela, ngakho-ke kufanele ulinde kuze kube ukuqhakaza kuqedwe. Ngokukhathalela okukhulu, izimpande ezi-brittle zisuka ku-substrate. Kuhlolwa umonakalo bese kunqunywa. Umuntu kufanele abe nomusa ngokukhethekile ezimpandeni eziluhlaza ezinomoya.
Ekutshaleni, kusetshenziswa amabhodwe asobala anezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Zigcwele nge-primer ekhethekile eyenziwe ngezinto ezilandelayo:
- amagxolo kaphayini oqoshiwe (izingxenye ezi-6);
- i-sphagnum moss (izingxenye ezi-2);
- namalahle (izingxenye eziyi-0.5)
- i-peat (izingxenye eziyi-1.5).
Ukwenza inhlabathi inyakaze, ungangeza ingxenye eyi-1 ye-foam. Ubumba olwandisiwe noma amatshe amatshe athelwayo empeleni athululelwa phansi. Izimpande zijule ziye ezingeni langaphambilini futhi kufanele zishiya izimpande zomoya ebusweni.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, i-phalaenopsis ayithelwa izinsuku eziningana, kepha igcina umswakama okhuphukile. Ukukhwabanisa okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe njalo emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 ukuze inhlabathi ingamuncu noma ibole.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Yize i-phalaenopsis ingenye yama-orchid angenakuthobeka, kufanele aphathwe ngokunakekela. Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya ukudala imvelo entofontofo kunazo zonke.
Isibani Isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile. Ayizizwa kahle emthunzini, kepha ingahlushwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, ama-buds ayawa, bese amaqabunga ahlukahlukene abe yi-monophonic. Okukhipha kuzoba okuqukethwe egumbini elinokukhanya okukhanyayo okukhulu.
Ukushisa Ukushisa okuphezulu unyaka wonke kungo + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Ngokufanelekile, ukushintshashintsha kwansuku zonke kufika ku-4 ° C phakathi kokushisa kobusuku nemini kufanele kunikezwe. Izinga lokushisa elivumelekile eliphakeme liyi-+ 32 ° C, futhi ubuncane ngu- + 16 ° C. Okusalungiswa akwamukeleki, ngakho-ke lapho kufakwa umoya ebhodweni ubeke okuthe xaxa kusuka ewindini.
Umswakama. Ezweni le-phalaenopsis, umswakama womoya ufinyelela ku-80-90%, ngakho-ke ezimweni zasekamelweni kuyadingeka ukuwukhulisa ngazo zonke izindlela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amathangi amanzi noma ibhodlela lokufafaza. I-ketshezi akufanele iqoqeke emaconsi noma iwele ezimbali. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngaphambi kwesidlo sakusihlwa, ukuze ebusuku izicubu zezitshalo zomile.
Ukunisela. I-Phalaenopsis iniselwa kancane, ngoba uketshezi oluningi luvela emoyeni. Amanzi kufanele axazululwe futhi ahlanzwa ngokuphelele. Kuyadingeka ukuyithambisa ngazo zonke izindlela, kunconywa ukwengeza ujusi kalamula. Ukushisa koketshezi kufanele kube ngaphezulu kwegumbi lokushisa. Ukuchelela kungenziwa kwenziwe kusuka ukuthambisa can, kude kude nezimpande. Kudonswa amanzi amaningi epanini. Baphinde basebenzise ukucwiliswa okugcwele kwembiza esitsheni imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30. Phakathi kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele yomiswe ngo-2-3 cm.
Umanyolo. I-orchid idinga ukondliwa njalo ukuthola izimbali eziningi futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside. Kulokhu, i-mineral complex yama-orchid afakwa emanzini okunisela kabili ngenyanga. Ukusuka ekwakhiweni okujwayelekile kokuqhakaza izimbali, thatha uhhafu wokhonza. Ukondliwa kwenziwa unyaka wonke. Ikhefu lenziwa kuphela amasonto ambalwa emva kokutshalwa noma uma kwenzeka isifo sesitshalo.
Izimbali phalaenopsis
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-orchid ihlala ikhiqiza ama-peduncle, aqhakaza kakhulu bese ahlala isikhathi eside. Imbali eyodwa ingaphila kuze kuphele inyanga eyi-1. Uma ama-phalaenopsis engaqhakali isikhathi eside, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo. Izitshalo zibekwa kumshini wewindows okhanyayo kakhudlwana, futhi futhi ungazami ukunisela kakhulu futhi kaningi. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukugqoka okuningana ngokwemiyalo, kepha ungayigcwalisi ngokweqile.
Lapho zonke izimbali sezivele zaphela. Isiqu sezimbali kungcono ukungathinti. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-buds noma izingane zingavela ziphinde zibonakale. Yinqume kuphela uma eseyomile ngokuphelele. Phakathi kokuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukuthatha ikhefu izinyanga ezingama-2-3, ukuze ama-phalaenopsis abuyele amandla esikhathini esisha sokukhula okusebenzayo.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
IPhalaenopsis ine-immune enhle, kepha ngamazinga okushisa aphansi nesikhukhula ngokweqile inhlabathi ithuthukisa isikhunta. Enye yezimpawu zokuwohloka kwesimo sezimpande ukwanda kwephyseli yomoya. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufakelwa kanye nokwelashwa nge-fungicides.
Ukusuka emazingeni okushisa aphansi, izintwala zingakhula ngamahlamvu. Izibonakalisa ezindaweni ezinkulu. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ukushintshanisa umoya wangaphakathi kufanele kwenziwe ngcono.
Ama-mealyworms kanye nezilwane zesicabucabu zingahlala egumbini elomile kakhulu kuma-phalaenopsis. Uma amaqabunga eqale ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi embozwe nge-tubercles noma ama-punctures, khona-ke isizathu salokhu imvamisa. Esikhathini sokuqala, ungenza ngesixazululo sensipho, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwama-acaricides nama-insecticides kukhombisa umphumela ongcono kakhulu.
