UHatiora - omele umndeni we-cactus, ungowokudabuka eMpumalanga Brazil. Lesi isihlahla esincane esingeqile kwamasentimitha angama-40 ukuphakama, esikwazi ukukhula sifinyelele kumitha eli-1 endle ezweni laso. Isici sesakhiwo saso ukuthi amagatsha asuka esiqongweni amahlumela futhi abekwa umnyuziki - iqembu elilinganayo.
Igama le-hator lisuselwa kumbhalo wesibalo sombhali wamaNgisi uThomas Hariot, owahlanganisa imephu yezitshalo zaseNingizimu Melika. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo ziyaziwa ngokufuywayo kwezimbali zasendlini.
Incazelo
IHatiora inedatha engajwayelekile engaphandle ye-latitude yethu: kungaba ngephutha ngesihlahla, isitshalo esimnandi kanye nembali enhle enezimbali eziqhakazile. Konke kuqukethe amagatsha angenamaqabunga, aqonde noma aqambe isikhundla esime nkqo. Isiqu esingenalutho ekugcineni siguqulela ekubeni isiqu esiqinile.
Ukuntuleka kwesembozo esinqumayo kungaphezu kokuncishiswa izimbali ezimise okwenziwe ngokuqina
Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, i-hator ingakhula emagatsheni ezihlahla (amafomu we-epiphytic) noma ifome emifantwini yamatshe (amafomu e-lithophytic). Ekhaya, okubabayo kuyimbali yokuhlobisa ebunjiwe enezinhlayiya ezincane kuma-lateral areoles.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuzalela zeHatior eziguqulwe ukuze kulinywe ngaphakathi.
| Buka | Incazelo |
| UHathior Hermina (Hariota herminiae lat.) | Isiqu noma isithombo se-epiphytic esinamahlumela wesimo esiqondile noma esigobile kancane esinokuphakama okungabi ngaphezu kwama-30 cm.I-stroma yaso yangaphakathi iminyene futhi ibenwebekile, amahlumela angama-cylindrical acishe abe ngu-50 mm, kuthi amahlumela e-areola ambozwe ngameva futhi asakazeke kuyo yonke ubude bawo. Izimbali ziphakathi nendawo kuze kube amasentimitha amathathu ubukhulu ngombala okhanyayo we-lilac-pink. |
| IHachior Solicorn noma iTawoti (iHariota salicornioides Haw.) | Ukubukeka okuhle kwesitshalo. Abantu abavamile banamagama amaningi ahumusayo: "amathambo okudansa", "isidakwa", "ingilazi edutshuliwe" ngenxa yobungqayizivele besakhiwo sesitshalo. Amahlumela aqukethe izigaba ezincanyana (ezinobude obuyi-2-3 cm) ezakhiwe iklabhu noma zise-solyanka ezinobukhulu obungu-0.5 cm. Ubume besitshalo baphukile kancane. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka, amahlumela we-stem anendawo eqondile, noma kunjalo, njengoba ekhula, azothanda. Isiqu sezimpande kancane kancane siba lukhuni. AmaHatiora amise okomuntu obunjwe solyanka ngezimbali eziphuzi, ezisawolintshi (0.3-1 cm). Isikhathi sezimbali sithatha izinyanga ezi-2. |
| I-Hatiora pink (Hariota rosea Lat.) | Isihlahla esididiyelwe sezingxenye ezincanyana ezifekethisiwe ezinobude obungu-2,5 x 1 cm emngceleni wezinsimbi ezibomvu. Amagatsha awo anombala oluhlaza ojulile omnyama kanye nokwakheka kakhulu. Izimbali zinombala opinki ogqamile, omkhulu, ongaphezu kuka-3,5 cm eziqhakaza nasemalungeni, omunye umehluko we-Ripsalidopsisademor. |
Izici nemithetho yokunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa ekhaya kwe-hatiora akuyona inkimbinkimbi. Isimo esiyinhloko sokukhula kwayo ubukhona besikhala esanele sendawo ebhodweni noma kwimbali yezimbali. Kulokhu kuhlangana, njengoba lesi sitshalo sakha, uzodinga isikhala esithe xaxa.
Izingxenye ezikhulayo ze-cactus zithambile futhi zibuthaka, zidinga ukwesekelwa okwengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle, lesi sitshalo sidinga izindawo ezifudumele nezifakwe kahle amawindi abheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga. IHatiora ayikubekezeleli ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile - lokhu kuthinta kabi ukukhula kwakhe nombala wezimbali. Emafasiteleni ashushu aseningizimu, imbali kufanele ifakwe umthunzi ukuze kufudumale emini.
Ukushisa
Izinga lokushisa elilungile le-hator lithathwa njengelisuka ku-+17 liye ku + 23 ° C, kungakhathalekile isikhathi sonyaka. Ehlobo, imbali ingadluliselwa kwithala elivulekile noma kuvulandi, ivikele kuqala elangeni eliqondile.
Ukunisela Umswakama
Ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo, i-hator idinga ukuthambisa ikhwalithi ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthambisa lesi sitshalo, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi esembizeni yayo yomile ukuvikela ukubola kwezimpande emswakama ngokweqile. Kungcono ukunisela ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Uketshezi lokunisela - amanzi kufanele abe emazingeni okushisa egumbini. Ukunisela okwesikhathi sembali namanzi afafaza kuvunyelwe.
Esikhathini sekwindla-nobusika, izimila ze-hator zingena esigabeni esishisayo - Ukunisela ngalesi sikhathi kudinga ukulinganisela.
Inhlabathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, i-hator idinga ukondleka okungeziwe kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula. Ukuvama nokwakhiwa kwezingxube zomanyolo kuya ngesigaba sokuthuthuka kwesitshalo uqobo:
- Esigabeni sokukhula nokuqhakaza, imbali idinga umanyolo osuselwa nitrogen. Zisetshenziswa kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi.
- Isikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukufaka umquba kumanyolo we-potassium kuyadingeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zomndeni we-cactus zisabela kahle kumanyolo we-organic, njenge-peat, umquba, isidlo samathambo, i-humus. Kuthengwa okumakwe "ngezimbali zasendlini" ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Uhlelo lwezimpande lweHachior, njengayo yonke imindeni ye-cactus, aluthuli kahle futhi ludinga inhlabathi ekhanyayo ye-pH engathathi hlangothi. Ukwakheka kwengxube yenhlabathi kufanele kufaka phakathi umhlaba oqondile noma wesobho, isihlabathi esihlanganayo, umquba kanye namalahle ochotshoziwe (ngokuqondile ama-birch).
Ukufakelwa
Isikhathi esifanele sokufakelwa kokuqhakaza kwezimbali siphelele, ukukhetha kuya ngevolumu yesitshalo ngokwayo. Izitha ezisencane zitshalwa minyaka yonke ekwindla yokuqala, ngemuva kokususa ezimpandeni zalomhlaba wakudala.
Izimbali ezindala zitshalwa kanye njalo emva kweminyaka emihlanu, zikhetha le njongo njengembiza enkulu, kepha hhayi ejulile kakhulu. Ukufakelwa okwenziwe kahle kubekezelelwa kalula yi-hator.
Izimbali
Ukuqhakaza kweHatio kuqala ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Ngokuvamile kukhula endlini, kudinga ukwakheka komqhele othile - lokhu kwenzelwa umphumela omkhulu wokuhlobisa.
Ukuzala
I-hatiora isakazeka ngokusebenzisa iziqu-setiya nokusika imbewu.
- Ukusika kuyindlela ekahle. Njengoba sesikhethe ingxenye encane yesiqu, sinqunywa ngommese obukhali, sifafaza i-carbon eyenziwe endaweni esele. Ukushiya isiqu sokuthola isitifiketi izinsuku ezingama-3, bese sicwiliswa emhlabathini onamanzi omncane.
- Ukuzala kabusha imbewu kuyinqubo enzima edinga ukugcinwa kwazo zonke izimo eziqhubekayo nolwazi oluthile.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Isitshalo esinakekela okunekhwalithi engeyinhle sihlaselwa izinambuzane ezinambuzane ezinjengokuthi:
- isicabucabu mite;
- i-mealybug;
- isibungu sezimpande;
- ama-slgs;
- isihlangu esikalini;
- impande nematode.
Ukulwa nabo kwenziwa ngosizo lwezinambuzane ezilungiselela ukufafaza lesi sitshalo ngokufakwa kwegalikhi (20 g ilitha elilodwa lamanzi).
Umswakama owedlulele nokungahambisani nomthetho wokushisa kuholela ezifweni fungal:
- Ukubona indawo Viral.
- Ukubola okomile noma okumanzi.
- Ukulimala okufika lapho.
Balwa nabo ngokwelapha i-fungicides noma ngokubhubhisa izingxenye zesitshalo esinezifo.
UMnu. Dachnik uxwayisa: ubunzima ekunakekelweni ngumnikeli
Isitshalo seHatiora asisona isiqu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuba nobunzima obuthile lapho sikhula:
- ukukhula okumpofu kanye / noma ukuntuleka kwama-buds kuhlotshaniswa nezimo zokushisa eziphansi egumbini noma ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba;
- ukwenza buthaka kwamaqabunga eqabunga kanye nokubola kwezimpande kuwuphawu lokuqina komswakama noma ukomiswa komhlabathi;
- ukubonakala kwamabala akhanyayo - isitshalo satshiswa ilanga ngokweqile;
- ukuwa kwezimbali kanye nemiqumbe - okusalungiswa noma ukunyakaza okungazelelwe kwesitshalo.
Hatiora - "izinyembezi zabantu"
Ngaphezu kobuhle obungaphezu kovamile, uHathior usethole inqwaba yezimpawu nezinkolelo-ze ezihlobene nempilo yomuntu siqu yenkosi yakhe noma inkosikazi yakhe. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukugcina lesi sitshalo ekhaya kowesifazane kusho ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuzibulala isizungu, ngoba imbali ayikubekezeleli ukuba khona kwabantu besilisa.
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo eziyimfihlakalo, abantu babekholelwa ukuthi i-hator yayinobuthi ngokweqile, yize bungekho ubufakazi besayensi kulokhu.
Ukuqhakaza isikhathi eside, kepha kugcwele ama-buds ngokuzumayo, kufanekisela ukuvuselelwa kanye nokuqala koshintsho.
