I-Areca isho izitshalo zesundu. Manje kunezinhlobo zayo ezingaba ngamashumi ayisithupha, ingxenye eyinhloko eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Asia, e-Australia naseNew Zealand.
Ama-archipelagos oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nolwePacific nawo acebile kuwo. Lesi sitshalo sibizwa ngokuthi i-areca ngabantu bomdabu baseHindustan.
Incazelo
Imvamisa isiqu sesitshalo siba sinye, kepha kwesinye isikhathi sibakhona abaningana. Umqhele, owakhiwa izimpaphe, ubukeka umangalisa kakhulu, okuvumela ukuthi usebenzise umuthi wesundu njengomhlobiso waliphi igumbi.
I-Areca ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokutshala, lesi yisitshalo esidala. Izimo zasekhaya zinciphisa ukukhula kwawo, futhi ama-buds lapho akhule ngaphakathi ezindlini cishe akunakubonwa. Emvelweni, izimbali zesilisa zikhula ziphakeme, kuyilapho izimbali zabesifazane zikhula ziphansi.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, amajikijolo anethambo elilodwa avele. Endle, isundu livame ukukhula njengesihlahla.
Igama elisha le-areca yi-chrysalidocarpus. Kuhunyushwe kusuka ku-chryseus yasendulo yamaGrikhi - "golide", karpos - "izithelo", futhi kwaqhamuka amajikijolo aphuzi alesi sitshalo.
Izinhlobo
| Okuhlukahlukene | Incazelo |
| I-Catechu (betel) | Umuthi omkhulu wesundu, ngaphakathi, ungakhula ube ngamamitha ayi-3, futhi ngokwemvelo ufike kumamitha angama-20. Amaqabunga e-Cirrus afinyelela ku-2 m ubude.Isitshalo sinomthelela ovuselelayo kuhlelo lwangaphakathi lwezinzwa futhi sinikeza umphumela wokuphakamisa okukhanyayo, yize kungeyona enye yezidakamizwa. |
| I-Areca yellowing (lutuskens) | Izinhlobo ezincane. Emvelweni, ukuphakama kwawo kuvame ukuba yi-10 m, ekhaya - amamitha ama-2. Amaqabunga aphuzi, anomumo ocijile. |
| I-areca enezinhlaka ezintathu | Lapho isikhule ngaphakathi endlini, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3, amahlamvu anendawo ecwebezelayo, anephunga njengalamunisi, has isiqu esingaphezulu kwesinye. |
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Areca ekhaya
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kuyadingeka ukukhulisa izimo zemvelo zezihlahla zesundu. Lesi sitshalo sinezithombe eziningi futhi sikhetha umswakama ophakeme egumbini. Amanzi okunisela angasetjenziswa ngokufakwa kukalamula kalamula noma ogayiwe. Njengoba umanyolo kufanele ushintshe umanyolo wamaminerali nezinto eziphilayo.
| Ipharamitha | Ntwasahlobo ehlobo | Ukuwa kobusika |
| Isibani | Nikeza ukukhanya okugqamile okunamandla. Beka efasiteleni elibheke eningizimu. Mthunzi ntambama. Ingafakwa efasiteleni elisenyakatho, kepha kuncike ekukhanyisweni okwenele. | Hlela kabusha ewindini laseningizimu. Akukho ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe okudingekayo. |
| Umswakama | Uzalelwe ezindaweni ezinomswakama, uthanda umswakama. Futha ngamanzi angenawo chlorine futhi athambile kahle. | Ungafafaza i-areca uma kungekho bhethri eduzane. |
| Ukushisa | + 25 ... +30 ° С, hhayi ephakeme kuno +35 ° С. | + 18 ... +23 ° С, kepha hhayi ephansi kuka + 16 ° С. Ventilate kepha gwema okusalungiswa |
| Ukunisela | Okuningi, izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto. | Akuvamile. Gada umswakama wenhlabathi lapho amazinga okushisa ephansi ikakhulukazi. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Isikhathi sokusebenza kakhulu, kabili ngenyanga. | Kanye ngenyanga. |
Ukufakelwa, inhlabathi
Kungcono ukufakelwa kwama-areca ngo-Ephreli. Isitshalo sinesimo esingesihle ngaso, ngakho-ke ngisho nezihlahla zesundu ezincane kufanele zithuthelwe emhlabathini omusha kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Abadala abanesitsha esikhethwe kahle bangatshalwa kabusha njalo eminyakeni emi-4.
Imithetho Yokudlulisa:
- asindise i-Earthball;
- khetha imbiza ngokuqinile ngosayizi;
- ukungavumeli ukujula, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale kwelinye izinga.
I-substrate kumele ikhethwe ngokungathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic. Inhlabathi kufanele ithathe okuswelayo okusheshayo kwamanzi. Akumele kuvunyelwe ukuthi inhlabathi iqukethe izingxenye zeswinky.
Faka kangcono enhlabathini yezihlahla zesundu:
- umhlabathi we-turf;
- inhlabathi enamahlamvu;
- humus;
- isihlabathi esihlanganayo.
Isilinganiso 4: 2: 1: 1.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukuzala kuyakhiqiza futhi kuyimifino, okusho ukuthi, kusetshenziswa imbewu noma ukwahlukaniswa.
Imithetho yokukhulisa imbewu ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Okuhle kunakho konke - ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
- Cwilisa imbewu izinsuku eziningana kwikhambi lenye ye-biostimulants (Epin).
- Thela i-peat ne-perlite ezinkomishini.
- Imbewu kufanele ibekwe endaweni enomswakama, kodwa esevele igxilile, i-substrate. Mboza nge-polyethylene noma ingilazi.
- Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2,5, zizoqala ukuphuma. Gcina izithombo ebumnyameni futhi zifudumele.
- Fafaza futhi unikeze umoya inhlabathi njalo.
- Lapho kunamahlamvu anaphakade kule nqubo, iya emhlabathini wezihlahla zesundu zabantu abadala.
Isigaba:
- veza izimpande zesitshalo ngokusishukumisa kancane;
- phatha izindawo ezilimele nge-chaki noma nge-carbon esebenze;
- hambisa ebhodweni elisha elilungiselelwe (ngokusho kwezimpande);
- ahlinzeke okushisa entofontofo kanye ne-hydration edingekayo;
- emva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 ukuya kwezingu-12, lapho isitshalo sivumelana, sondle nokwakheka kwento yezimbiwa, lapho ukunqanyulwa kunqanyulwa;
- emva kwenyanga, dlulisela intambo enhlabathini evamile.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
| Inkinga (kwenzekani ngamaqabunga) | Isizathu | Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa |
| Igcotshwe futhi yacothwa. | Akwanele i-potassium. | Thatha ubheke amathuba wesimo esinjalo, ukhetha umanyolo. |
| Qhakaza. Ukukhula kwesitshalo kuncishisiwe. | Ayanele i-nitrogen. | |
| Qala ukuphenduka ophuzi. | Ukuntuleka komswakama. | Amanzi ngokucophelela, musa overdo it, kodwa ungaqali. Linda kuze kube phezulu komehluko ongaphansi komhlaba. |
| Omile, kuvela izindawo ezikhanyayo. | Ukukhanya okungaphezulu. | Mthunzi, ikakhulukazi uma isitshalo sisincane. Izihlahla zesundu ezindala kufanele zivikeleke nasemini ekukhanyeni okwedlulele. |
| Buna futhi ube mnyama. | Izinga lokushisa alanele. | Igumbi kufanele lifudumale. |
| Imikhawulo imile. | Umswakama omncane. | Fafaza isitshalo, ikakhulukazi lapho kushisa futhi somile. |
| Mnyama futhi uwe. | Ukuguga | Akunakwenzeka ukusindisa intende; kufanele isuswe kwezinye izitshalo zasendlini. |
| Ifomu lamabala amabala, ansundu ngokubomvu. | Umswakama owengeziwe | Phatha nganoma yisiphi isikhunta, ulandele imiyalo ngokuqinile. Ukunisela ayeke. |
Isifo
| Lesi sifo | Izimpawu | Ukwelashwa |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Izindawo ezimnyama ezinamanzi, eduze nesisekelo samafomu wokubumba wesiqu, onephunga elingathandeki. | Khipha ethangini, ungenampande ebolile nezicubu ezinesifo. Fafaza izindawo ezilimele ngo-chaki ochotshoziwe kahle, wamalahle ocushiwe. Beka amahora ambalwa emoyeni ovulekile. Ukubeka omunye inhlabathi ebhodweni elihlanzekile bese ucebisa ngalo ngeGlyocladine neTroschemine. Thela nesixazululo se-Diskora, iBaikal-EM, i-Alirin-B. |
| I-penicillosis | Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuvela emaqabungeni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, amafomu amhlophe wokumboza, alahlekelwa ukwakheka kwawo. | Amanzi kanye kuphela ngosuku. Amaqabunga abagulayo anqunywe. Fafaza izinkuni nenhlabathi nge-fugicides izinyanga ezintathu. |
| Ama-Thrips | Kukhona imihuzuko yesiliva noma ye-beige namabala amnyama. | Ama-2-3 amahora wokugcina amagwebu kuhlamvu lwamahlamvu (insipho eluhlaza ye-potash noma insipho yokuwasha). Bese uyigeza ngamanzi afudumele. Phatha ngeFitoferm, Mospilan, Actellik. Phinda njalo ngesonto. Uma ezimbili noma ezintathu zalezi zinqubo zehluleka, shintsha inhlabathi nembiza. |
Izinambuzane
| Inambuzane | Izimpawu | Izindlela zokulawula | Ukuvimbela |
| I-Mealybug | Inhlanganisela efana ne-wax Ukuphelelwa amandla kwamajusi kusuka ku-areca nokuwohloka kwawo. | Ukucubungula ngosizo lwama-insecticides, isibonelo, i-Fitoferm, Arrivo, Actellic. Landela imiyalo ngqo, ngoba amalungiselelo aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi. | Hlola isihlahla ngesikhathi bese ukhomba izinambuzane. Zisuse ngesandla noma ngendwangu ehlanganiswe nekhambi lotshwala nensipho. Fafaza isitshalo nge-tincture nge-anyanisi eyodwa ehlanganisiwe nengilazi yamanzi abilayo. Anyanisi pre-sokufaka emanzini abilayo ihora. Bese uhlaza i-tincture. |
| Isihlangu | On izitshalo tubercles of brown brown shades. Kuvela izikhala futhi izingxenye zonke zomuthi wesundu ziyafa. | Izidakamizwa ezifanayo. Ngaphambi kokususa izinambuzane, faka uviniga, uwoyela wemoto, i-turpentine noma iparafini kumagobolondo abo. | |
| I-Whitefly | Amahlamvu agobeka aphuzi aphuzi. I-Plaque, okusikhumbuza ushukela. | Vikela isihlahla sesundu. Yibeke eshawini bese uwasha. Icutshungulwe yi-Commander, Admiral, Iskra-Bio, Intra-Vir. | Ukuqeda izinambuzane, ungasebenzisa izicupho ze-glue. Nikeza umswakama owanele. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | I-Petioles ikhonjiswe yi-web spider. Ngaphakathi, amabala amhlophe qwa. Amahlamvu alahlekelwa ukwakheka kwawo bese omile ngaphandle. | Phatha intende nganoma yisiphi i-tincture yotshwala. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15-20, yibeke ngaphansi kwamanzi afudumele. Futha futhi uthele amanzi kahle. Kunconywa ukuyibamba izinsuku ezintathu esikhwameni sezindiza. Uma kungasizi, kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ukuya ku-12, kuphathe kabili noma kathathu nge-Omayta, Neoron, amalungiselelo e-Aktofita. | Thola ubukhona benkathazo ngesikhathi. |
Ngokuya ngemithetho yokunakekelwa kwe-areca, isundu lizoba umhlobiso wanoma yiliphi igumbi, i-Conservatory, i-veranda noma i-greenhouse.
