Inkulumo ethi "izinkukhu ekwindla kubhekwa" kwakungeyona i-feat. Izinkukhu zezinkukhu nezinye izinyoni zezolimo ziningi kunezikhukhula ezihlukahlukene, ngoba izifo zabo ezikhukhumezekile zisenamandla kakhulu ukubhekana nezinsongo zangaphandle. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa yokuvikela ngokumelene nama-bacteria, njengoba uyazi, ama-antibiotics. Enye yalezi zidakamizwa, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezinkukhu, i-Metronidazole. Cabangela izici zokusetshenziswa kwalo kulesi sihloko.
Khipha ifomu
"I-Metronidazole" akuyona imithi enokugxila okuncane. Kusukela ngo-1960, umsebenzi wayo wokulwa ne-antibacterial and antiparasitic usetshenziswe ngempumelelo ukuphatha abantu nezilwane (hhayi izinyoni kuphela), ngakho-ke umuthi utholakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi, ngendlela:
- amaphilisi;
- i-granulate;
- i-powders;
- izixazululo zomjovo;
- ukhilimu wokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle;
- ama-suppository wesifazane;
- amabhola.
Kwezilwane zezilwane, amaphilisi noma ama-granules asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi, okungavamile izixazululo zezijoka.
Amathebulethi "I-Metronidazole" anomumo wesigxobo esicwebezelayo sombala omhlophe noma ophuzi obomvu ngamakhonksi aphihliwe aphakathi kwehlangothini kanye nesisekelo (okubizwa ngokuthi i-chamfer) kanye ne-notch perpendicular, okuvumela iphilisi lihlukaniswe ngesigamu. 
Isisindo sethebhulethi kanye nokuqukethwe kwento esebenzayo kuyo kungase kuhluke, okungukuthi:
- 0.25 g, equkethe 0.0625 g, noma ama-antibiotic angu-25;
- 0.5 g, equkethe u-0.125 g, noma i-25% yama-antibiotic;
- 0.5 g, equkethe u-0.25 g, noma i-50% yama-antibiotic;
- 1 g equkethe u-0.25 g, noma u-25% we-antibiotic.
Ngaphezu kwethebhulethi ye-"Metronidazole" iqukethe amakhemikhali - isitashi samazambane, i-octadecanoic acid ne-talkohlorit.
Izakhiwo ze-Pharmacological
Lesi sidakamizwa singezidakamizwa ezine-antibacterial and antiparasitic effect, esebenzayo ngokumelene nama-microbes amaningi nezinye izidumbu. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuzwela kumuthi wokulwa nemithi kuboniswa yi:
- i-trichomonas;
- Giardia;
- i-histomonad;
- amoeba;
- i-balantidia.
Uyazi? I-Balantidia (igama elithi "balantidium" ngesiGreki lisho ukuthi "isikhwama") yisisulu esikhulu se-single-cell esiyingozi kubantu, esithinta izicubu ze-colon futhi i-agent causative ye-dysentery engavamile. Ngokweminye imininingwane, kusukela ku-4 ukuya ku-5% emaphandleni kukhona abathwali be-ciliate futhi ngokuvamile ukutheleleka kuvela ekuthintaneni nezingulube, nakuba lesi sifo ngezinye izikhathi sitholakala nezinja.
Imikhiqizo enezinhlelo ze-enzyme ezingabuyiselwa iqembu le-nitro futhi ziphuthumise inqubo yokuxhumana kwama-protein we-ferredoxin ngamakhemikhali ane-nitrogen awela emkhakheni wesenzo somuthi. I-antibiotic igxilisa ukwakheka kwamaseli e-DNA azwelayo ngokunciphisa iqembu le-nitro (NO2), okukhiqizwa yi-DNA yezincane ezincane, ukuvimbela ukuqala kabusha nokuhlanganiswa kwayo. Izindlela ezinjalo zesenzo zenza umuthi uphumelele ekulwa nama-microorganisms angaphila futhi athuthuke ngokungabikho kwemoya yomoya (ama-anaerobic ama-bacterium), kodwa imithi ayinamandla okulwa ne-aerobes ne-fungi. 
Izici ezinhle zomuthi kufanele zibhekiswe ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphezulu ekusebenziseni ngomlomo. Into esebenzayo ephuma emgodleni wokugaya isheshe igxilwe egazini futhi isakaze kuzo zonke izitho kanye nezicubu, zibuthe esibindi.
Enye yezinkinga ezivamile yizinambuzane ezinkukhu. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi balezi zinkukhu kumele bazi ukuthi kufanele balahle kanjani izinkukhu, ama-peroedov, i-lice kanye nemikhaza.
Ukususwa kwesidakamizwa kwenzeka ngomchamo nemifino, ukuwadweba ngombala obomvu obomvu. Isidakamizwa ngokuphelele sisusiwe ngemva kwamahora angu-48 ngemuva kwesilinganiso sokugcina.
Iziphi izifo ezisetshenziselwa?
"I-Metronidazole" isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-bacteria kanye nezifo ze-parasitic, kodwa izinkukhu zikhona kuphela izinkomba ezintathu zokusetshenziswa:
- I-Trichomoniasis - izilonda ze-diphtheritic ne-ulcerative ye-upper digestive tract nezinye izitho ezibangelwa i-protozoa ye-genus Trichomonas.
- Coccidiosis - Isifo esithathekayo, ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile esithinta intsha, i-pathogen - unicellular Coccidia squad.
- Historaasis (owaziwa ngokuthi i-enterohepatitis, noma i-tifiohepatitis, eyaziwa ngokuthi "ikhanda elimnyama") yisifo esithathelwanayo, futhi esiyingozi kakhulu ezinkukhu, ezibangelwa ama-protozoans emndenini we-Histomonas mellagridis.
Isilinganiso
Njengoba lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezifo ngezifo ezihlukahlukene, kungenzeka ukukhuluma ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nomthamo kuphela ngokuphathelene nesimo ngasinye.
Kubalulekile! Izindlela zokudla izidakamizwa, umthamo kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa kuxhomeke enjongweni yokwelashwa (ukwelashwa noma i-prophylaxis), uhlobo lwesifo, uhlobo lwesilwane, kanye nobudala balo. Njenganoma imuphi amanye ama-antibiotics, ukunamathela ngokuqinile kule mithetho maqondana ne "Metronidazole" kuyimpoqo.Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, imithi ivame ukufakwa ngesilinganiso sika-20 mg wezinto ezisebenzayo ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo sesilwane ngosuku, ngokuphathwa ngomlomo izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku, 10 mg.
Isicelo sezinyoni
Inhlobo ngayinye yenkukhu inezici zayo ezikhethekile uma usebenzisa i-Metronidazole.
Faka izinkukhu
I-broiler izinkukhu zizwela kakhulu izidumbu ezifana neCoccidia ne-Histomonas mellagridis. Lezi zinhlobo ze-protozoa zingabetha izinkukhu ngokoqobo ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwazo, ngakho uma ungazithathi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo neziphuthumayo, ungalahlekelwa yizo zonke izilwane ezincane ezizofa ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuthola isisindo esifanele. 
"I-Metronidazole" ikuvumela ukuba uxazulule le nkinga ekuqaleni, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sizwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, naphezu kokuba iqiniso, ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngezinhloso zokuvimbela umkhuba omubi, basebenzisa khona izinkukhu zokulima, banike izinkukhu izidakamizwa izikhathi ezine, 20-25 mg nge-1 kg yesisindo esibukhoma ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila khona-ke njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuze kufike izinyoni ezineminyaka eyisithupha.
Kubalulekile! Isidakamizwa asihlanjululwa kahle emanzini, ngakho-ke kudingeka uyifake ekudleni (okuyiqiniso ukuthi akuyona into elula kakhulu, ngoba inyoni egulayo kaningi inqaba ukudla, kodwa ihlale izwa ukoma). Ithebhulethi isuke ibe yi-powder futhi ixubene kahle nokudla.
Kodwa-ke, uma amatshwane anezibonakaliso zokuqala ze-coccidiosis, i-histomoniasis noma i-trichomoniasis, uhlobo lomuthi kufanele lubukeke luhlukile. Kulesi simo, isidakamizwa sinqunywe esilinganisweni esifanayo nsuku zonke, kodwa sinikezwe izinsuku ezingu-2-5, emva kwalokho inkambo iphinda iphindwe emva kwezinsuku ezingu-8.
Izimpawu zezifo lapho i-Metronidazole iphumelela khona isifo sohudo, ukunciphisa umsebenzi, ukungafuni ukudla, ukuphazamiseka, ukushaya izinqwaba, ukoma ukwanda, ukukhubazeka.
Njengabaphi ama-antibiotic, i-Metronidazole kufanele ithathwe njalo, igweme ukuphulwa kwesikhathi sokusungulwa kwesilinganiso esilandelayo, ngoba angeke nje sinciphise umphumela wokwelapha, kodwa futhi kuholela ekubunjweni kwezinsizakalo zezinambuzane ezingamelana nezidakamizwa. Uma ukwemukelwa kwemali kwakungaphoqeleka ukuba kuphazanyiswe, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwesikimu esasungulwe ngaphambilini.
Sincoma ukuthi sifunde ngezifo ezijwayelekile ezithathelwanayo nezingasetshenziselwa izinkukhu ze-broiler.
Turkey poults
Ukuze izikhukhu zezifo ezibalwe ngenhla, isici esivela kakhulu yi-histology, esithinta isibindi sezinyoni ezincane futhi ngokuvamile siholela ekufeni. Ngokujwayelekile, izibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula (isifo sohudo oluphuzi elinomsoco, ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokuhamba, izimpaphe ezikhinywe, isikhumba esibomvu esihlokweni) sitholakala ezilwaneni ezincane kumasonto amabili ubudala.
Uyazi? Isisu se-turkey sikwazi ukugaya ingilazi, kepha ngokumelene nama-parasite elula, le nyoni ayizinamandla njengabanye.
Njengasendabeni yama-broilers, ama-turkeys angaphathwa ngosizo lwe-Metronidazole, futhi umuthi ungasetshenziselwa izinhloso ze-prophylactic ngaphandle kokulinda inkinga ukuzibonakalisa ngokwawo.
I-turkeys yezokwelapha zokwelashwa - 30 mg ngesisindo somzimba we-kilogram, ihlukaniswe ngokudla okuyisithathu nsuku zonke (10 mg), isikhathi sokwelashwa - izinsuku ezingu-10. Ngezinye izikhathi bakhuluma ngenye indlela yokunquma umthamo: umuthi unikezwa kanye ngosuku ngokufaka u-0.75 g weMetronidazole (amaphilisi amathathu noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi okuqukethwe komuthi kuthebulethi eyodwa) nge-1 kg yokudla. Inkambo yokungena - izinsuku ezifanayo ezingu-10.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezivimbelayo kuhilela umthamo wansuku zonke we-20 mg wezinto eziyi-1 kg yesisindo somzimba ngezinsuku ezimbili zokudla (ezinye izinkulumo ezikhuluma ngenkambo ende - izinsuku ezingu-3-5). Kubuye kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izinkukhu uhlelo olufanayo lokuvimbela njengezinkukhu ze-broiler.
Funda indlela yokuphatha isifo sohudo e-turkey poults.
I-Waterfowl
Intsha yama-goose kanye namadada nayo ingabanjwa yizifo ezintathu ezishiwo ngenhla, ikakhulukazi i-gistomonozu ne-trichomoniasis. Kulezi zimpawu ezisetshenzisiwe kakade, ezibonisa ukuthi kukhona khona lesi sifo, lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni, kufanelekile ukwengeza ukwanda kokushisa komzimba, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukwanda kwe-goiter, ukuphuma emakhaleni nasweni.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhluleka ukuthatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo lapho izimpawu ezinjalo zibonakala zingakapheli amasonto amabili ziholela ekufeni kwezingu-90% zabasha.
Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukuthatha umuthi ngesilinganiso sika 25-50 mg ngesisindo ngasinye ngesisindo somzimba ngosuku, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu besimo. Le nkambo ingahle ihluke: ngezinye izikhathi izinsuku ezingu-2-5 zanele, kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kuqhubeka kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10.
Ukwamukela okuvimbelayo kwenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo olufanayo njengama-chicken broiler.
Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kanye nentengo engabizi kunquma ukusetshenziswa kweMetronidazole ekwelapheni kwezinhlobo zezinkukhu ezibalulwe, kodwa nakwezinye izinyoni - amajuba, izigwaca, izinyoni zezinyoni, njll. 
Ukungafani
Ukulungiswa njengento yonke kunalokho kubhekane kalula nezinkukhu - umuthi awunakho ukuphikisana okuqondile kokusetshenziswa kwemithi yezilwane. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-antiparasitic aqinile, okuhlanganisa i-Metronidazole, ngaphandle kwemithi eqondile yodokotela (ngisho noma sikhuluma ngokuvimbela izifo ezibulalayo ezinkukhu ezincane), ngokuqondile, kunqatshelwe.
Kubalulekile! Naphezu kokuthi iMetronidazole isuswa emzimbeni ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, izinyoni ezithatha izidakamizwa zivunyelwe ukuba zingabulali ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-5 ngemuva kokudla okudlule. Uma umuntu ebulawa ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, inyama yayo ingasetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane ezidliwayo noma ekusetshenzisweni kokudla nokudla.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi le mithi ye-antibiotic ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi, neqembu le-nitroimidazoles elikuyo, kanye ne-quinoxaline nezidakamizwa ze-nitrofurans.
Imiphumela emibi
Imiphumela emibi evela ekusetshenzisweni kwe- "Metronidazole" ivela kancane kakhulu, ngisho noma isilinganiso esinconywayo sidlulile. Awukho ukusabela okungalungile ekuqaleni kokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa, kanye nangemva kokukhansela kwayo.
Phakathi kwemiphumela emibi ingase ibizwa ngokuthi ukungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi kuphela (ukusabela okweqile ngokubonakaliswa okuhlukahlukene), okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kuvela ezinkukhu ezibucayi kakhulu. Kodwa uma kusetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa okungalawuliwe nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwalesi sidakamizwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwentombazane ye-candidate ye-mycosis kungenzeka - isifo sofungal esibonakala ngesilonda somlomo we-mucosa, i-goiter kanye nesifo.
I-VIDEO: Siphatha i-COCKDIOSIS NGOKUHLOLA METRONIDAZOL
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela phambili kwe-trichomoniasis, i-histomoniasis kanye ne-coccidiosis akuyona ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa, kodwa ukugcinwa kwezidingo zangasese nezokuhlanzeka kanye nokudla kokudla kwezinyoni.
Uyazi? I-UN General Assembly ngo-2016 yaqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane ngamabele okufuya imfuyo mhlawumbe yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuvela "kwama-superbugs" okumelene nalezi zidakamizwa futhi manje esakwazi ukubulala umuntu oyedwa emhlabeni wonke imizuzwana emithathu.
Ngaphandle kokuhlanzeka nokumeleka endlini, ukuchithwa kwendlu njalo, ukususwa kwezinsalela zokudla okungadliwa, ukungena kokungena kwamagundane kanye nabanye abathwali bokutheleleka endaweni, ukulawulwa kwemidwebo kanye nezinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe, ukugcina abalimi abanempilo futhi abaphila kahle kufanele balandele le mithetho elula:
- Gcina izilwane ezincane ngokwahlukana nabantu abadala.
- Misa ukuhlukaniswa kwenyanga zonke ngezinkukhu ezitholakale ngaphambi kokuwafaka egumbini elivamile nezinye izinyoni.
- Masinyane unqabe amatshwele ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula.
- Unganiki idiza labo izidakamizwa ezinamandla zokulwa ne-antibacterial "kuphela uma kwenzeka" noma uma uthola isifo esingaziwa ngaphandle kokutholakala nesifo somuthi odokotela.
- Ungadluli inani eliphakeme elingavumelekile labantu ngabanye imitha yesigcawu yendawo (ngezinhlobo zezinyoni ezinhlobonhlobo kanye nonyaka ngamunye lezi zinhlobo zihlukile).
- Uma kungenzeka, ukunciphisa ukuxhumana kwezinkukhu nezinye izinyoni, ikakhulukazi, ngamajuba, okungenani iningi lababathwali be-trichomoniasis.
Kuwusizo ukwazi ukuthi imingcele ye-Metronidazole iyadingeka kanjani izinkukhu ezindala.
I-Metronidazole iyisidakamizwa esiqinisekisiwe futhi esisebenzayo sokuphatha lezi zifo ezintathu eziyingozi kakhulu, ezivame ukuthinta izinkukhu ezincane. Kodwa-ke, ukuze umsebenzi wayo ngokumelene nama-bacteria athile nama-parasite ukuphikelela isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele uzame ukusebenzisa imithi ngokuqinile njengoba kuchazwe udokotela, ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwesifo, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo nokuguquka kokungapheli noma ifomu lokuvimbela ama-antibiotic.
