I-Echeveria: Amathiphu Wokunakekela Ekhaya

I-Echeveria yiqembu labaphethi abangapheli be-herbaceous abavela emndenini weCrassulaceae. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-170 zezinhlobo. Ungatholakala eMexico, e-USA, eSouth America.

Incazelo ye-echeveria

Amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe, enamanzi, enemifino, aqoqiwe kuma-rosette angama-3-40 cm.Ayizicaba, ziyindilinga, ziyindilinga enemiphetho eqondile. Umbala uluhlaza, obomvu, onsundu. Amapulangwe angama-pubescent noma ngokufaka i-wax. Kwezinye izinhlobo, isiqu asikho, kwezinye siyaphakama.

Izimbali zincanyana, zinhlanu, zibukeka ngendlela yensimbi enamaphawu amakhulu namanzi. Kunemibala ehlukahlukene: ophuzi, obomvu-onsundu, osawolintshi ovuthayo. Kuqoqwe i-inflorescence eqondile etholakala kuma-pedicels aze afike ku-50 cm ukuphakama. Ekupheleni kwabo, ukwakheka kwengane kuqala. Uhlelo lwezimpande alunamibono engaphezulu, yefilimu. Ezinye izinhlobo zinikeza amahlumela ezinwabuzelayo.

I-Echeveria ifana neyemncane, kepha ungayididisi. Isitshalo sokuqala asikubekezeleli ukushisa okuphansi, ikakhulukazi isithwathwa. Emgqeni wethu, ukhule kuphela njengembali yegumbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abancane balindela ubusika emoyeni ovulekile, noma bungekho indawo yokukhosela.

Izinhlobo ze-Echeveria

Izinhlobo zokukhula ekhaya:

Okuhlukahlukene	Iziqu / Amasokisi	Kushiya	Izimbali / izimbali
Agave	Kufinyeziwe. Ubukhulu nokuyindilinga.	Esisekelweni sandiswa, kufakwe phakathi. I-soft emerald hue. Amaphethelo akhonjisiwe aluhlaza okotshani ophuzi ngokunamathela okupunga okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.	Iphuzi noma libomvu bell. Intwasahlobo ihlobo.
Izinwele ezimhlophe	Kufinyeziwe. Kufika ku-15 cm.	I-Lanceolate, i-olong. Uhlangothi lwangaphandle luyisicaba, olungaphakathi lubucwebe. Umbala we-Emerald onefreyimu emnyama ne-villi emhlophe.	Obomvu ngombala obomvu ezintanjeni ezinde eziphakeme. Ntwasahlobo
Ukuqhakaza	Ukhungathekile. Kusukela amahlumela aphuma phambili we-oda yesi-2 aphuma.	I-Oval-oblong enesiphetho esiyi-islet. Umbala oluhlaza okotshani nokuthinta ku-perimeter.	Scarlet, 1-2 cm ububanzi. Ukuphela kobusika ukuqala kwentwasahlobo.
IHumpalaceae Metallica	Ayilawulwa, i-ligned. Ngamacembe ayi-15- 20.	I-Lanceolate, enesiphetho esikhombe. Isifunda sangaphandle sinomugqa, sinesigaxa sangaphakathi. Imiphetho kukhona wavy. Hue kusuka grey-blue-green to red-grey ngohlaka olukhanyayo.	Izinsimbi ezibomvu-uphuzi, kufinyelela kububanzi obungu-2 cm. Inyanga yokugcina yehlobo.
Derenberg	Kuvinjelwe, kukhasa. Ifomu elifanele.	I-shovel, eluhlaza enomngcele obomvana noma omnyama.	Izinsimbi ezibomvu-uphuzi kuma-pedicels. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni.
Unomusa	Kwenziwe ngaphansi. Ubukhulu.	Kukalwe, ekugcineni okukhonjisiwe, okuluhlaza okukhanyayo noma ukugoba okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.	Ipinki, ichopho eliphuzi ophuzi kuma-peduncle ayi-bark. Meyi
Ihlanganisiwe	Kufushwe, kunotshani. Kuthululiwe.	Kukaliwe, kunamafutha. Luhlaza okotshani nge-silvery villi, okomgogodla emikhawulweni.	Downy, obomvu ophuzi, cm cm cm. Ingxenye yokuqala kaMashi.
IPicoca	Kafushane, kuqondile. Kuyashisa.	Imbozwe umgexo, ine-islet end, i-grey-blue-green.	Olubomvu, olusendaweni yokuhamba drooping. Meyi - Juni.
Shaviana	IGrassy, ithuthukisiwe. Uphawu, uphawu njalo.	Ifulethi, okusaqanda, okunesiphelo.	I-Pink, etholakala kuzinyawo eziqondile, ezinamagatsha anamanzi. NgoJuni
Bristly	Cishe akekho. Kuvaliwe.	I-Lanceolate, enamanzi. Ipendwe ngokulingene ithoni eluhlaza ekhanyayo. Ipuleti linombala onombala wesiliva.	Encane, ifinyelela ku-1 cm. Iqoqwe kuma-inflorescence 30-40 cm. Ukuqala kwehlobo.
Isifiso	Isikhathi eside, drooping. I-compact, ifinyelela ku-10 cm.	Encane ngosayizi, iblue.	Okuphuzi emicibishweni eseceleni. Ihlobo
Lau	Mfushane noma engekho. Ijusi.	Inyama, okusaqanda, okumhlophe ngombala omhlophe.	Ipinki emnyama, eqoqwe kuma-inflorescence. Ephreli - Meyi.
Isikhulu esimnyama	Kucishe kungabonakali. Ijusi, eminyene.	Luhlaza omnyama nobude obunesiphelo esikhomba.	Okubomvu, okuqoqwe ngebala. Ukuphela kwehlobo.
I-Pearl yaseNuremberg	Iqondile, imfishane. Ubukhulu, ubukhulu be-10-20 cm.	Ubanzi futhi unamanzi, uqhakaza obomvana.	Kubomvu okubomvu. Ihlobo
UMiranda	Abekho. Encane, icocekile, ngesimo esifana ne-lotus.	Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, obomvu, wesiliva, ophuzi, opinki.	Kupinki okufudumele. Intwasahlobo nehlobo.

Nakekela i-echeveria ekhaya

I-Echeveria iyisitshalo esingenakukhathazeka, sinezimpande ngokuphelele efulethini. Ukunakekelwa kwezimbali zesizini ekhaya:

Ipharamitha	Intwasahlobo / ihlobo	Ukuwa / ubusika
Ukushisa	+ 22 ... +27 ° С.	Ekuphumuleni - + 10 ... +15 ° С. Lapho kuqhakaza izimbali - hhayi ngaphansi kuka +18 ° C.
Umswakama	Dinga umoya owomile, ungafafazi.
Ukunisela	Njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu loma.	Kanye ngenyanga. Ngokuphumula kobusika - kuphela ngokuswayipha kwamaqabunga.
Isibani	Imisebe ye-ultraviolet eqondile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu	Kanye ngenyanga.	Akudingeki.

Ukufakelwa

Abanye abalimi batusa ukuthi esikhundleni saso leso sitshalo siqhume emgqonyeni wokuthumela, njengoba inhlabathi ekuwo ihloselwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-echeveria. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi uma imbali iyinyanga ezweni elinjalo, akukho lutho olubi oluzokwenzeka kulo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-unsulents azobhekana ne-acclimatization, ajwayele izimo ezintsha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubeke endaweni enomthunzi ukuze yomiswe kalula, ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpande zezindiza.

Isendlalelo senziwe izingxenye ezilandelayo ezingxenyeni ze-3: 1: 1: 0.5:

umhlaba wegadi;
amatshe amatshe;
Peat;
namalahle.

Ungathenga inhlabathi nge-cacti kanye ne-anculents, uyixube ngamatshe amancane ku-4 kuye ku-1. Ngemuva kokulungiselela lesi sisekelo, kunconywa ukuthi uyihlole ukuze ifaneleke: cindezela umhlaba omanzi ngenqindi, ngemuva kokuthi ungakacolwa, kufanele udilike.

Imbiza iyadingeka ngaphezu kuka-1-1.5 cm ngaphezu kweyedlule. Umuthi onamaphaphu unesistimu yezimpande engaphezulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka isitsha esibanzi kodwa esingajulile esinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.

Lapho ukutshala izinto kuncane, kunconywa ukuthi kutshalwe ezingilazini zokukhulisa. Lapho nje ama-bushs esenamandla, angathuthelwa emabhodweni angapheli. Izitsha ezinkulu zisetshenziselwa ukubeka izimo eziningana ze-echeveria ngasikhathi sinye. Amabhasi kufanele aniselwe ngokucophelela ukuze ukunggelezi kwamanzi kungenzeki.

Ukufika ngesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo:

Beka ungqimba lwamanzi ayi-2 cm.
Thela inani elincane le-substrate, faka imbali kuyo.
Faka inhlabathi ezimpandeni zentamo.

Kumatshe amsulwa:

1/3 lembiza igcwalise ngamatshe.
Faka isihlahla kuyo.
Mboza isikhala esisele nezinsalela zervevel.

Lapho lesi sitshalo sikhulu, amatshe kufanele abe likhulu.

Izinhlobo zethu ezintsha zidinga ukuthungwa kanye ngonyaka. Abantu abadala - njengoba kunesidingo, ngokukhula kwezimpande noma ukulimala kwezifo, izinambuzane.

Ukuzala

I-Echeveria iqhume:

ukusikwa okunamahlamvu;
amahlumela apical futhi basal;
kuyaqabukela imbewu, ngoba inqubo elukhuni.

Indlela yokuqala yokuzala imi kanje:

Hlukanisa amaqabunga aphansi akhiwe. Yoma amahora ama-2.
Cindezela umhlabathi emthambekeni omncane.
Futha, amboze nge-polyethylene.
Shiya cishe ngo-+25 ° C. Hlanza indawo yokukhosela nsuku zonke, ugcobe amahlumela.
Ngemuva kwamaviki angama-2-3, izitolo ezincane zizokhula. Lapho iqabunga lokutshala loma, faka amahlumela.

Ukutshala amahlumela we-basal noma apical:

Sika amahlumela, ususe amaqabunga aphansi ama-3-4, ushiye endaweni emnyama amahora amaningi.
Thela isendlalelo ebhodweni, unamathisele izisekelo kulo, u-moisten.
Gcina ku + 22 ... +24 ° C, amanzi nsuku zonke.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, zingadluliselwa ezitsheni ezihlukile. Uma isitshalo sikhula kancane, kungcono ukuhlehlisa ukunyakaza kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Ukukhula Kwembewu:

NgoFebhuwari-Mashi, ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo ebusweni.
Moisten, amboze ngengilazi.
Gcina ku + 20 ... +25 ° C, amanzi kanye nomoya omncane.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, faka amahlumela ezitsheni ezincane. Lapho izihlahla zifinyelela ku-3 cm, zihambise ezimbizeni ezingapheli.

Izinkinga ekukhuleni kwe-echeveria

Ngamaphutha ekunakekelweni, i-Echeveria ilahlekelwa umphumela wayo wokuhlobisa noma ifa. Izimbangela zezinkinga nezixazululo:

Izimpawu	Izizathu	Ukwelashwa
Izindawo ezimpunga, ukwephulwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-waxy.	ukwelashwa okunzima; amanzi kumahlamvu.	ungathinti amaqabunga ukuze ungalimazi ungqimba lwe-wax; Amanzi ngokunakekela ukuze uketshezi ungagcobhozi izisekelo.
Isihlahla sintekenteke, sithole umthunzi ompunga noma omnyama.	Umswakama owengeziwe futhi obandayo.	ukunciphisa ukuthambisa; hlela kabusha egumbini elifudumele + 25 ... +28 ° C.
Isokhethi selikhululekile futhi lakhula. Amahlamvu asephelile.	Ukuntuleka kokukhanya.	Kancane kancane engeza izinga lokukhanya. Uma kwenziwa ngokungazelelwe, isihlahla siba nengcindezi futhi sigule.
Imbali ikhula kancane, amaqabunga mancane.	amanzi amancane; umhlabathi ompofu, hhayi umanyolo owenele.	khuphula inani lokunisela, kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi umswakama owengeziwe nawo uyingozi, kanye nokomisa inhlabathi ukufakelwa engxenyeni esemsoco yokudla, okuphakelayo okufika ngesikhathi.
Amapulangwe kanye nezisekelo kuyashwabana, komile.	Inhlabathi ayithanjiswanga lapho kushiswa.	hlela kabusha ibhodwe endaweni epholile; ukukha amanzi.

Izifo nezinambuzane ze-Echeveria

I-Echeveria ithintwa yizifo nezinambuzane.

Izifo / inkathazo	Izimpawu	Izindlela zokuqeda
I-Mealybug	Ukuba khona kwe-flu-off-white fluff, efana noboya bekotini, esiqwini nasezitolo. Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, imifino iyawela futhi iwe.	Hlukanisa isihlahla kwezinye izitshalo. Ukuqoqa izinambuzane ngesandla. Sula imbali ngesixazululo sotshwala (i-15 g yamakhompiyitha amancane wesepha lokuhlanza nge-20 ml yotshwala be-ethyl). Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omncane, lungiselela ukumnika: uthele ama-50 g wemicibisholo yegalikhi 1 litre wamanzi abilayo. Shiya usuku. Fafaza ngezindlela ze-echeveria, substrate, pot. Mboza ngokuqinile nesikhwama sepulasitiki bese ushiya izinsuku ezimbili. Ukucubungula izikhathi ezi-3-4, ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7. Sebenzisa amalungiselelo athathelwe ukubulala izinambuzane: Actellik, Actara, njll. Landela izichasiselo ngokucacile. Kunconywa ukuthi kuguqulwe ubuthi ukuze isinambuzane singakhethi ukungatheleleki kubo.
Impande isibungu	Izinambuzane zincela ujusi kusuka ezimpandeni. Ama-greens aphenduka aphuzi, aphenduke aphuzi, abune. Inhlanganisela emhlophe engwevu emhlophe efana ne-wax ibonakala emaphethelweni ebhodwe. Ungabona izinambuzane ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.	Hambisa enhlabathini entsha, ulahle okudala. Geza uphinde ubilise imbiza. Hambisa inhlabathi entsha, hlamba izimpande ngamanzi abilayo. Ukwelapha ngama-insecticides: Fitoverm, Confidor nabanye. Landela uhlelo lokunisela. Kanye njalo emavikini ama-4 faka amanzi emanzini ekuqoqweni kwe-½ (Mospilan, Regent nabanye) emanzini.
Amathambo amade	Lezi izibungu ezincane ezincela ujusi kusuka kuma-rhizomes. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukudumba kuyabonakala kuso, lapho inkathazo yenza umsebenzi wayo obalulekile. Ngomonakalo omkhulu, uhlelo lwezimpande luyafa, isihlahla siyafa.
Ukubola kwezimpande	Izimpande, isiqu, amaqabunga akhululekile, athambile, amnyama. Luhlaza okhula lube mncane, luphuzi, luyawa. Ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla siyafa.	Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, isitshalo kufanele sibhujiswe. Ngokusakazeka okuphansi kwalesi sifo, ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo kuzosiza. Faka kuqala izimpande ku-Bordeaux ketshezi, i-HOMA nezinye izixazululo ze-fungicide. Hlela imbiza nenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala. Sika izindawo ezithintekile, phatha lo monakalo ngamalahle noma ngesibabule. Misa isihlahla amahora amaningi bese uphinde uphinde utshale. Ngemuva kokuqeda lesi sifo, qhubeka nokwelashwa nge-0.5% fung fung ngenyanga.