Isihlahla se-Medlar noma se-chinch sithengiswa ubuhle baso, izakhiwo ezizuzisayo zazo zonke izingxenye, ukunambitheka kwezithelo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini nezinto zokulandela. Lesi siko esingenambulelo singowokuzalwa eCentral Asia, kodwa sinwebeka ngokuphelele eCrimea, eCaucasus. Sitholakala ngobuningi emasimini endawo e-Urals ephakathi, eSiberia, kanye naseMoscow Region. Ibekezelela iqhwa kuze kufike ku-35 ° C. IMedlar iba umhlobiso wangempela wendlu yezwe, ithela izithelo kahle, uma ulandela ama-nuances obuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Incazelo medlar
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ukuphakama kwesihlahla esiqinile kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-8. Isiqu sinqanyulwe, amagxolo anemifantu engajulile.
Amaqabunga e-medlar makhulu, afinyelela ku-10 cm ubude, ububanzi obuyi-6 cm.Iminyene, inesikhumba, ibunjiwe kancane, ikhonkolo kancane ibhekise enkabeni. Ingaphezulu libushelelezi, phansi limbozwe nge-velvety fluff.
Izimbali ziningi. Izimbali ezincane ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence, zinombala omhlophe noma ukhilimu, iphunga le-almond elikhanyayo, i-melliferous. Izithelo zingwephuzi ophuzi noma o-brown-brown, kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-8 cm ubukhulu, ziyindilinga, zigcotshisiwe, ziyindilinga futhi zimile okomhlaba. I-pulp iyi-tart, iminyene, ngemuva kokubanda kanye nokubola iba mnandi, ithambile. Ezithelweni ezisuka kwimbewu eyodwa kuya kwezintathu, kukhona ezingaphezulu, kuze kube eziyisishiyagalombili.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-medlar engadini
Kwezinhlobo ezintathu zesihlahla sikaphayini, ezimbili zazisetshenziswa kakhulu: i-medlar German (Caucasian) neJapan (lokva). Zitshalwa ngempumelelo ebangeni eliphakathi, kunezinhlobo ezingama-30. Ngokwesifunda sezulu esisezingeni eliphakathi, esinye esigaxekile esinomqhele ongamamitha amathathu ubude sikhulisiwe.Ukhula kahle eRussia.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-Caucasian medlar entwasahlobo, ngoMeyi-Juni, inkathi yokukhula ihlala kuze kube yilapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo. Amahlumela wonyaka avame ukubanda. Izinhlobo ezingenahlanyelo nezinhlamvu ziyatshalwa emgqeni ophakathi nendawo.
| Izinhlobonhlobo med med yaseJalimane | Izici zezithelo | Ukuba khona kwembewu |
| I-Apirena | Okuphuzi nge-orange fafaza, okujikelezayo, okuphakathi. | cha |
| UGoyth | Tan, encane. | ikhona |
| Huge Evreinova | Yenziwe ngopende, enkulu. | cha |
| Monstrous d evreinov | Ophuzi osawolintshi, obomvana, omkhulu. | ikhona |
| UDracheva omnandi | Ophuzi ngesifutho esinsundu, iplamu-efana. | ikhona |
| ISochi | Kuphuzi okugqamile, kuncane. | cha |
| Hwamli | Okujikelezayo, okunsundu, okuphakathi nendawo. | ikhona |
Izimbali ezingama-medall zaseJapan ekwindla, izithelo zihlala emagatsheni ebusika, zivuthwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo - ngoJuni. Ama-ovaries awagugi ebusika kuphela ezimeni zasentabeni naseningizimu yokushisa. Kwezinye izindawo, i-medlar enjalo itshalwa emafulethini, emagumbini okugcina izithombo, ezindlini zokugcina impahla
| Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Japanese medlar | Izici zezithelo |
| Komun | Umbala ophuzi, oyindilinga, omkhulu. |
| Isithwathwa | Okubomvu-onsundu, okuphakathi. |
| Prime | Ophuzi-olintshi, omkhulu. |
| USilasi | Kuphuzi okugqamile, okusaqanda, okukhulu. |
| UTanaka | Amawolintshi, amise okombala, omaphakathi. |
| I-Champagne | Okuphuzi, okumise okombala, kukhulu. |
Indawo ye-medlar engadini
IMedlar iyisitshalo esihle kakhulu, ngoba kulinywe engadini bakhetha indawo enelanga kakhulu. Uma unikezwe ubukhulu bomqhele, gcina ibanga phakathi kokutshala okufika kumamitha ayi-1.5. Ngokutshala okugcwele, izihlahla ezimbili noma ezintathu zitshalwe eduzane. Ibekezelela ukusondela kwama-currants.
Umswakama uyadingeka ngokulingana, u-medlar akathandi amanzi asondelene, othambekele ekwabeni kwezimpande. Ibanga eliya e-aquifer kufanele okungenani libe imitha eli-1. Uma ukhetha inhlabathi, ukukhetha kunikezwa kungathathi hlangothi futhi kune-acidic encane, ngeke kube khona isivuno esikhulu ku-podzol.
Ukutshala kahle nokunakekela endaweni evulekile kuyisihluthulelo sokukhiqiza kahle.
Ukutshala isithombo
Ukuze kutshalwe izithombo, imbewu ikhethwa kwizithelo ezisanda kuvuthwa; ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, ukuhluma kuncishiswa kakhulu. Izithombo eziqinile kuphela ezinobude obungafika ku-30 cm zidluliselwa enhlabathini.
I-Landing Algorithm:
- inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi wokufika ulungiswa ngokufika ku-50 cm;
- umhlaba okhishwe ukhululwe kahle, ukhululwe ukhula, bese ubuyiselwa emgodini wokutshala;
- ngaphambi kokutshala, bhala izimbobo ezincane, 1/3 ngevolumu enkulu kunohlobo lwembiza lapho imbewu ikhule khona;
- lungisa ingxube yenhlabathi: i-humus, isihlabathi, i-peat, umquba ongaphansi komquba uthathwa ngokulinganayo noma uthole inhlabathi egcwele utamatisi;
- amanzi kakhulu, uchoboze, ukuze ama-voids angakhi, asekele ukusekelwa;
- ngakusasa, umbuthano osondelene uyathukululwa, uhlanganiswe nge-humus.
Izici zokunakekela medlar emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Medlar ayibekezeleli isomiso, idinga umsoco ojwayelekile. Izinhlobo ezingezona ezejwayelekile zakha umqhele.
Ukunisela
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamagatsha, i-medlar kufanele iniselwe njalo iminyaka emi-4 yokuqala, ukuvikela ukoma kwethoma le-dart-deem elisondelene nalo. Esikhathini esishisayo, isikhathi sezimbali senhlabathi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibe nomswakama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umbuthano we-trunk ufakiwe noma umbozwe ngotshani.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isikhathi sokuqala umanyolo we-organic ufakwa unyaka ngemuva kokutshala, ukugqoka izimpande ngenkathi yokukhula kwenziwa esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo njalo emavikini ama-3, izihlahla zabantu abadala ziduthwa amahlandla ama-2-3 ngesizini. Sebenzisa:
- i-mullein entsha ibhalwe 1: 8, qinisa isonto lonke;
- phosphate umanyolo wamaminerali, yenza ngokwemiyalo;
- amafutha e-potash we-1 tbsp. ukhezo ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi;
- izinkuni zomlotha ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kufika ku-5 tbsp. l ngo-1 m2.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwe-foliar top nge-phosphate nitrate kuyenziwa, kuqala kuhlanjululwe ngokwemiyalo, kufakwe emanzini 1: 1 ngaphambi kokufafazwa.
Izihlahla
Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa njalo entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuvuswa kwezinso. Hlanzeka:
- amahlumela aqandisiwe;
- okhula ngokuqhubekayo esiqwini;
- igobile kakhulu;
- ukukhula eduze kwamagatsha amakhulu athela izithelo.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-medlar
Ama-insecticides asetshenziselwa izinambuzane zezihlahla ze-apula nezikapile, zidotshwa ngokwemiyalo. Ukusuka ezifweni zokukhunta - isikhunta esiqukethe zethusi. Ngezimvula ezihlala isikhathi eside, inhlabathi iphathwa ngeFitosporin ukuze ukubola kwezimpande kungakhuli.
Ukuzalanisa iMedlar
Lapho utshala izinhlobo ezitshalwe ngembewu, izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu azitholwa njalo njengefa.
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuzalanisa ukusika. Amahlumela aqinile aneminyaka emi-2 ubudala ahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyi-12 cm ukuze ngayinye ibe nezinhlamvu ezingama-2-3. Ama-cutways akhule ezimweni ezishisayo (umswakama aze afike ku-80%, izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwe-+30 ° C).
Indawo yokubeka umoya itholakala ngokuhlanganisa iziqukathi zenhlabathi emanzi enamagatsha. Ephuzwini lokuthinta, amagxolo asuswe. I-Scion yenziwa i-scion ye-quince, i-pear, i-hawthorn noma i-ash ash.
