Ekudalweni kwaleli pharadesi elincane lomphefumulo, izihlahla zezithelo ezizithokozayo zizosiza - izihlahla ze-apulas, ezimele umhlaba wezihlahla ze-apula ezikhethekile.
Manje sibheka izinhlobonhlobo zalezi zihlahla futhi sichaza okufanele kakhulu ukutshala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni aseMoscow.
Apple-tree iyi-kolonovidnaya. Izinhlobo zesifunda saseMoscow - ubuhle obuhle obuju
Izwe lenqubekela phambili kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje alimi. Nsuku zonke into ethile ibonakala ngathi entsha futhi yangempela. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila kwethu. Isikhathi esigcwele kanye nemisebenzi eminingi ibeka izimo ezikhethekile ezikhona ezikhona. Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuhlela isikhala eduze kwakhe njengokunethezeka ngangokunokwenzeka futhi okulula kakhulu ekuphileni. Mhlawumbe akekho oye, ngoba umphefumulo awuzange uqale kancane isakhiwo segadi.
Ukusebenza emoyeni omusha kusiza ukuphunyuka ezinkingeni ezicindezelayo, izinkinga zansuku zonke, ngenkathi uthole injabulo eningi futhi ulayishe amabhethri akho ukuze uthole impumelelo entsha. Esihlokweni sethu sizoxoxa ngendlela elula ngangokunokwenzeka, isikhathi eside, ukuthola insimu encane, kuyilapho ekusebenziseni kahle isikhala esincane.
Sekuyisikhathi eside, ososayensi baye balwela indlela yokuthola izihlahla zezithelongubani ozoyithatha isikhala esincanekodwa bayonikeza isivuno esiphezulu singenzeka. Ucabanga, wacabanga futhi waphumelela. Ngenxa yokuzibophezela okuphelele, ukujabula kwabo bonke abathandi bezithelo, kunezihlahla ezihlukahlukene ezifakwe ngaphakathi, ngisho nanamuhla umuntu angathola amaplamu, ama-cherry, amapreaches, amapheya kanye nezihlahla ze-apula. Lezi zihlahla ezincane ngokushesha zathola ukuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi emhlabeni jikelele.
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla zezithelo ezinjalo - i-apula ikholomu. Inhlobo ye-apula enomqhele onjalo othakazelisayo ongajwayelekile yabonakala ngengozi, njengoba umphumela wokuguquka kwemvelo.
Ngo-1960, isivuno esisodwa esilula kakhulu esivela eCanada, i-Vazhek ethile, sabona igatsha e-apula yemifino ye-Macintosh eyayingafani nezinye amagatsha. Leli gatsha lihlukile kakhulu kwabanye ekubukeni kwalo. UMnu. Vazhek waqoqa iziqu zakhe, futhi wakhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemithi yezithelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukahluka kwama-apple we-Macintosh Wazhek kubonakala - bekuyikho okuqala okuhlukahlukene kwekholomukwavela phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Kakade ikhona Izinhlobo eziningi ze-apula ziyi-kolonovidnoy, kodwa sifuna ukukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu ukukhula nentuthuko emasimini esifundeni saseMoscow, njengoba le ndawo ihlukaniswa nezimo zezulu zaso nesimo sezulu esithile, esidinga indlela ekhethekile yokukhethwa kwezihlahla nokugcinwa kwazo.
Indima eqondile yokuthi isihlahla sizogxila kunoma yikuphi indawo edlalwa yizici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa, ukuthi umuthi ubekezelela kanjani ukushisa, ukushisa, izinambuzane kanye nezifo, kanye nendlela eveza izithelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ake sihlale ezihlahleni ezifanele kakhulu ngenxa yezimo zesifunda saseMoscow.
Izincazelo ezihlukahlukene
Esikhathini sethu, izithelo zezitshalo zisithokozisa ngokuhluka kwazo nokulingana kwazo. Umuthi we-apula awufani. Bonke abalimi bayazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-apula emhlabeni. Zihlukile ekunambithekeni nasayizi wezithelo, ukuvuthwa nokukhula.
Isibonelo, ngokwezwi lokuvuthwa, ama-apula ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amathathu. Kuyinto izinhlobo zehlobooletha izithelo phakathi nehlobo, izinhlobo zekwindla - enikeza isivuno kulo lonke ukuwa futhi izinhlobo zasebusika - okuyinto uvuthwe ekwindla sekwephuzile futhi agcinwe kuze ukushisa olandelayo. Ngokusakaza kahle zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zalezi zihlahla engadini yakho, ungaba nama-apula ahlanzekile ekhaya unyaka wonke.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla ze-apula, i-adventure kakhulu ekukhuleni emadolobheni aseMoscow yilokhu: i-Medok, uMongameli ohlukahlukene, ovuthwe engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti; cultivar "Vasyugan", "Gin" ne "Titania", evuthwa ngenkathi ekwindla; izinhlobo "Bolero", "Arbat", "Umnsalo waseMoscow", okuyinto ngokujabulisayo nge izithelo ezivuthiwe juice futhi bayakwazi ukuphikelela kuze February. Zonke izinhlobo ezifakwe ohlwini ukubekezelela ukushisa okukhulu kweRussia kahle, ukumelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane, futhi futhi ukunikeza isivuno esihle.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu esifundeni saseMoscow: "Arbat", "Vasyugan", "Gin", "Titania", "Medoc", "uMongameli", "Umnsalo waseMoscow", "Bolero"
Kufaneleka ukunaka umlimi wensimu ukuthi, ngaphezu kokubukeka okungavamile, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apulale, ngenxa yobukhulu bomuthi wazo, zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekuthuthukiseni izinto zokuzilibazisa ezifana design landscape infield
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukukhumbula isakhiwo esikhethekile izihlahla ze-columnar apula izihlahla ngokwazo, eziyinqaba ekuqondeni kwethu isihlahla esinomuthi ocacile - isisekelo, namagatsha aseduze kwawo, enesitshalo esikhulu sama-apula, okwakubonakala sengathi sinamathele kuwo wonke amentimitha angamahhala. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, amagatsha omuthi atholakala esibhakabhakeni ngokubonakalayo, afana nesakhiwo sezinto zokwakha - amakholomu, ababoleka ngawo igama labo.
Izithelo
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi i-apula ingenye yezithelo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinempilo, enempilo enomzimba. Abantu abambalwa abangadli ama-apula. Izithelo zalesi sithelo sinomuthi omkhulu wezakhi kanye namavithamini, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswe kabanzi ekulungiseleleni izithelo ezihlukahlukene ze-freshes zezingane kanye nama-jus. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene zama-apula, ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ngokwabo kuhluke kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwazi izici zomuntu ngamunye ezihlukahlukene zezithelo.
Incazelo yezithelo kuyoba nelungelo lokuqala ngezithelo zehlobo zasehlobo: "Medoc" kanye "noMongameli." Izithelo zebanga elithi "Medoc" zihlukaniswa nombala ophuzi obala futhi zibe nokunambitheka okukhanyayo, okumnandi, uju. Izithelo zinesakhiwo sangaphakathi esinesisindo esenziwe ngamanzi esinesikhumba esingaphandle, esilinganisweni esingu-100 -250 amagremu. Zifanele kakhulu ukugaya futhi zenze izithelo zomisiwe. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zezinhlobonhlobo ze "Mongameli" zinesisindo esingaba ngu-140 - 250 amagremu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbala wabo uphaphukile, ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nombala obala obala obomvu. Izithelo ezinezimo ezizungezile ezijwayelekile kanye nenambitheka enomusa omuncu, enesakhiwo esihle se-pulp esisetshenziswe kahle.
Izinhlobo "Vasyugan" inezithelo ezinomthunzi obomvu obomvu kanye nesakhiwo esihle se-pulp, esiphundu okumnandi ukunambitha. Iningi elifanele ukusetshenziswa kwifomu eluhlaza.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Gin" unezithelo ezibomvu eziqhakazile ngesisindo esingaba ngu-200 amagremu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithelo zine ukunambitheka okumnandi nomuncu futhi inyama enomsoco enomsoco.
I-Titania ehlukahlukene unesithelo sombala obomvu nesisindo esincane, cishe amagremu angu-110. Izithelo zihlukaniswa yiwayini elimnandi elinomzimba omhlophe.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Bolero" It has izithelo mass enkulu, cishe 200 amagremu isisindo kanye ezimhlophe, esikhundleni imifino eqinile nge juice amaningi. Unesikhumba sangaphandle esiluhlaza.
Hlunga "ukulwa" Iyaziwa ngezithelo zombala we-cherry oqhakazile, enesisindo esingamagremu angu-110, engagcinwa isikhathi eside, kodwa sidliwe esisha, ngendlela yaso eluhlaza.
Ukuhlukahluka "Umgexo waseMoscow" Ihlukaniswa yizithelo zobuningi obukhulu cishe ngamagremu angu-250 ngayinye, nangombala obomvu obomvu obunambitheka obuhle kakhulu nesakhiwo esihle.
Ngakho-ke, njenge-apula yama-clone asakazwa kalula ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezitshalo zendabuko, lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubize izithombo zakho eminyakeni embalwa.
Manje, ukwazi isithelo sesigaba ngasinye, kuyoba lula ukucacisa izidingo zabo siqu.
Isihlahla
Izihlahla ze-Colonoid kakhulu ekhangayo futhi enhle emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, ayathandwa nje kuphela njengomuthi wezithelo, nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekudalweni kwezwe. Njengoba bethi, kube kuhle ngenxa yalesi sizathu, futhi elula futhi ewusizo.
Isici esiyingqayizivele kunoma iyiphi i-columnar tree kukhona ukudubula okuqinekile nge-internodes, okufinyeziwe kakhulu. Ngenxa yokukhula okunjalo, amaqabunga esihlahla asondelene kakhulu, okwenzayo ikholomu eluhlaza oluhlaza, okuyinto ebukeka kahle kakhulu futhi enhle kakhulu.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe emthini zakhiwa emahlumela ukuncishiswa kwamagatsha ase-lateral. Umqhele we-compact ukhiwa amahlumela aphuma e-angle esiphuthumayo esuka esiqwini esikhulu - lokhu kuvumela ukutshala okunamandla kakhulu kwezihlahla ze-columnar phansi.
Uma sicabangela umuthi we-apple we-columnar uqobo, isakhiwo esikhethekile sesakhiwo saso sithatha iso. Isihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo asinakho umqhele owenziwe umqhele wabalimi. Iqukethe isitshalo esikhulu, esincane kakhulu esinezinsipho ezincane ezincane, ekupheleni kwawo, entwasahlobo, eziqhakaza izimbali ze-inflorescences.
Kamuva wabo ngokoqobo igcwele izithelo zama-apula. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo sesakhiwo somuthi, sinesayizi elincane yangaphandle, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sinomkhiqizo ophezulu. Impahla ekhethekile yalezi zihlahla eziyisimangaliso, ikuvumela ukuba utshale ensimini yakho izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene ze-apulale ye-columnar, amahlumela awo, ngendlela, akhule kuphela, futhi lokhu kufanelekile igama - "Kolonovidnye apple".
Izibonakaliso ezifana nezihlahla ze-Colony zizinzile kakhulu, ngakho-ke azihambisani kahle Ukusakazwa kwendabuko yemifino. Yini ezovumela eminyakeni embalwa ukuthola izithombo zazo zalezi zihlahla, nokuzihlwanyela ngokukhululekile.
Izintandokazi
Njengoba inzuzo enkulu yezihlahla zezithelo ze-apulale ye-columnar kufanele iqaphele isivuno esiqondile kakhulu salolu hlobo. Okusho ukuthi, naphezu kokulinganisa kwangaphandle komuthi ngamunye we-apple ikholomu, unikeza isivuno esikhulu. Kanti futhi, enesakhiwo sakhiwo esichazwe ngenhla, ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule ukuqoqwa kwezitshalo ezivuthiwe kusukela ekubonisweni kwezinto ezihamba phambili ze-acrobatic ngesiteji eziyingozi kakhulu kumgadi wensimu, zibe yinto ejabulisayo, ngenkathi ikuvumela ukuba ujabulele imiphumela yomsebenzi wakho.
Lezi zihlahla zezithelo zihlukaniswa nezinye izinhlobonhlobo ngezinga eliphakeme lezithelo, okwenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa kuzo zonke izinqubo zokulungiselela nokuvuna izithelo zama-apula. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezibalwe ngenhla zezihlahla ze-apulasamu, akunakwenzeka ukukhohlwa ngokumelene nokushisa kwesimo sezulu ngesikhathi sasebusika nokuzivikela okunamandla ezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Zonke izihlahla ze-columnar nazo ziyisibonelo esihle sesikwele noma ipaki ehlobisa ongayakha uthango oluhle noma i-alley emangalisayo.
Ukungalungi
Uma ubheka ngokuningiliziwe, khona-ke zonke izinto zomhlaba zinezimfanelo ezinhle futhi ezimbi - okubizwa ngokuthi amaphutha. Kodwa, uma sicabangela ngokukhethekile izinhlobo ezinjalo zezihlahla ze-apula njenge-columnar, kufanelekile ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi njengoba kunjalo ukungabi nalutho kulolu hlobo lwama-apula kanye no. Ngaphandle kokuncane kakhulu, njengesidingo esiyimfuneko somanyolo ophezulu, kokubili ngesikhathi sokutshala nokukhathalela okuqhubekayo, nesidingo esingenakuphikwa sokunakekelwa ngokucophelela.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo zama-apula eSiberia.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Zonke izihlahla, ikakhulu izithelo, zidinga uthando nokunakekelwa. Kubalulekile ukunakekela noma imuphi umuthi ngobuchule, ukwazi ubukhulu bokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwawo.
Ukuzikhethela kokunakekelwa kwe-apple ikholomu kufanele kufake isimo sesimiso esivamile umswakama womhlabathi eduze kwesihlahlaikakhulukazi emva kokufakelwa. Lokhu kusho lokho izinyanga ezimbili zokuqala ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla esiseduze ne-trunk ayimile, ngezikhathi ezithile iyishukela. Ukuhlambalaza okukhiqizwa ukuchelela okuhleliwe kwezithombo ezikhulayo ezimbili - kathathu ngeviki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikela izihlahla ezisanda kutshalwa, batshale ngaphambi kokubusika emgodini wokufakelwa noma wemvelo ogcwele ama-sawdust, amaqabunga awile noma isendlalelo esinqunyiwe seqhwa. Lokhu ngeke kulimaze lesihlahla ku-frosts ezinzima futhi kuvikela izilokazane.
Ngaphambi kobusika, okungukuthi ngoSeptemba, ukuze kukhishwe isikhathi sokukhula ebusika futhi kuqondise ubungqabavu bomuthi ukuwuqinisa nokulungiselela ubusika obusika, susa ishidi eliphezulu kakhulu.
Njengoba kunjalo, ukusika izihlahla, i-apple ikholomu ayidingekile. Ukukhula kwabo kwenziwa ngendlela engokwemvelo nokubonakala kwonyaka kwegatsha elisha elingaphakathi komuthi we-apical bud bud. Ukusika izihlahla kungenziwa kuphela ngenhloso yokuhlanza amanzi ukuze kuvinjelwe umqhele wesihlahla ukuqina nokugubha kwamagatsha, kanye nokuvuselela amagatsha emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 yokukhula, uma kutholakala inqwaba yamagatsha athelayo.
Isikhathi sonke semithi yasentshonalanga edingekayo feed umanyolo potash phosphate futhi kwenze njalo ngenyanga. Ungakwazi ukutshala lama-apula usebenzisa i-urea, i-slurry ne-saltpeter, kodwa kuphela ngobuncane, ukuze ungashisi umuthi.
Eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokuphuma, i-columnar apple, ikakhulukazi eyinyumba, ikhula isikhathi eside, njengoba iphuzu le-nevyzrevshaya ebusika likhululeka. Ukugwema lokhu, kumele usebenzise umanyolo nitrogen Umanyolo ngesikhathi esithile futhi aqede ukuchelela ekupheleni kwehlobo.
Izici zokufika
Izimo ezikhethekile zokutshala izithombo zawo zithinta izici zokutshala umuthi we-apple ikholomu. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala izithombo ze-apple ikholomu kubhekwa njengesikhashana lapho amaqabunga engakaqali khona futhi isikhathi sokukhula esisebenzayo asikaqalanga, futhi lokhu kuvame ukuqala kwentwasahlobo.
Umhlabathi wokutshala umuthi omncane akufanele kube semanzi kakhulu noma empofu ezakhiweni. Umgodi we-sapling ngayinye kufanele ube nobungako obunjengokunikeza inkululeko ephelele ezimpandeni zembewu. Uma ufaka isithombo emgodini, ukugoqa kwezimpande noma ukuxhumana kwabo nodonga lomgodi wokutshala akuvumelekile. Indawo yokuxhunyelelwa ye-seedling kumele ibe ngaphezu komhlabathi. Ngaphakathi emgodini wokutshala bathululela inhlabathi embiwe ngesikhathi sokumba, ixubekile 4-6 kg of humus noma umquba, futhi ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, baniselwa ngesikhala esiphelele se-urea ngamanzi.
Ngeke kube yinto engafanele, emva kokuphela kwenqubo yokutshala isithombo, ukubamba i-mulching yendawo yokumisa yomhlabathi. Le nqubo izogcina umswakama emhlabathini. Iyenziwa ngosizo lwezimboni ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo - isibonelo, utshani, amaqabunga ezinye izitshalo noma izinaliti.
Njengoba unikezwe zonke lezi zici, ungakwazi ngaphandle kwemizamo ekhethekile yokukhulisa isithelo esihle, esivuno, esivunini. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - uma unakekela umuthi, uzokubonga ngokushesha kakhulu ngothando lwakho nokunakekelwa kwakho.
