Inhlabathi elungiselelwe kahle iyimfuneko ebalulekile yokukhula nokuthuthuka kwezikhala zakho ezihlaza kanye nezitshalo zasadini. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo ezahlukene zidinga uhlobo oluthile lomhlabathi, oluhambisana nokuhlukana kobubanzi bemvelo bokukhula kwawo nezici zesakhiwo. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuba uhlole ukuthi ungenza kanjani umhlaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezithombo ngezandla zakho.
Izidingo ezijwayelekile
Ngaphambi kokwenza umhlabathi wezithombo ngezandla zakho, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwawo kungahluka ngenxa yezidingo ezahlukene zezitshalo okuhlelwe ukutshala, futhi uqonde izinkomba zekhwalithi ezivunyelwe ngokuvamile zanoma yimuphi umhlabathi ofanele izitshalo. 
Uhlu lwabo olufushane lunikezwa ngezansi.
Uyazi? Umhlabathi ulinganisa okwesibini eMhlabeni ngemuva kolwandle oluthile lokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, okuyinhloko ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuhlukahlukene nokucebile kwezindaba ezihlukahlukene zemvelo.
- Inhlabathi kumele ibe nokuzala okuphezulu futhi ibe nokulinganisela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngaphezu kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, kufanele futhi aqukethe izingxenye zamaminerali ngesimo sezinto esitshalo esingazenza kahle.
- Umhlabathi kufanele ube nokukhululeka okukhulu, ukuphefumula kanye ne-porosity ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamahhala emoyeni ezimpandeni zezitshalo.
- Impahla edingekayo yenhlabathi yikhono lokubamba umswakama kahle futhi ungalishiyi ngokushesha, oklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukugcoba okufanako komthamo wonke wenhlabathi nokusiza ukungenisa umswakama ngezimpande zezitshalo.
- Kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinga le-acidity, elihle kakhulu eligcinwe ezingeni eliseduze nokungathathi hlangothi (cishe 7.0).
- Okudingekayo ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile nokukhula kwezithombo kuba khona emhlabathini wezinambuzane ezizuzisayo, imikhiqizo yokudoba okudingekayo izitshalo.
Yini engakwazi futhi ayikwazi?
Ngaphambi kokuba ulungiselele inhlabathi yezithombo, kuyasiza ukuqonda ngokucacile wena uhlu lwezingxenye ezingekho nhlobo azikwazi ukufakwa ekubunjweni kwalo.
Kudingeka futhi ukwazi izingxenye ezinomthelela omuhle ezakhiweni zezwe lakho futhi usize ukuletha esimweni esifunyiwe ngaphambi kokutshala.
Uyazi? Inhlabathi iyisihlungi esikhulu samanzi emhlabeni, lapho izigidi zamathani amanzi zidlula ngonyaka.
Izinto ezifakiwe
Ukwenza umhlabathi usebenzisa izithako ezihlukahlukene zemvelo kanye nemvelo, ezixutshwe ngokulingana okuhlukene ukuze uthole izakhiwo ezilungele izithombo zakho.
Funda ngezithombo ezikhulayo ephepheni lezindlu zangasese, emakhasethi, amaphilisi e-peat, ku-diapers.Phakathi kwezakhi eziphilayo eziphakanyisiwe ukusetshenziswa, kufanelekile ukugqamisa:
- i-humus;
- ama-eggshell (abomvu, omisiwe nabachotshoziwe);
- umlotha wezihlahla (i-birch inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu);
- izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-moss;
- i-peat;
- Umhlabathi ohlaza (amahlamvu aphelile cishe noma yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi, ngaphandle kwe-willow kanye ne-oki, ngoba aqukethe ama-tanins amaningi kakhulu);
- sod inhlabathi.
Izakhi ezingenasici ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola inhlabathi ephezulu:
- isanti ehlanjwe ngokucophelela kusukela phansi komfula. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kube umthunzi obala, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi umthunzi ubumnyama, lapho ukwakhiwa kuqukethe izinto ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, okubandakanya ama-manganese nensimbi, okuqukethwe okunamandla okuba nomthelela omubi ezitshalweni;
- i-hydrated lime (esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izinga le-acidity);
- i-polyfoam idwengulwe zibe izingcezu ezincane;
- I-hydrogel yinto ekhethekile, okuyiyo ngenxa yekhono elithuthukile lokuthola umswakama, ivumela ukunciphisa ukuphindaphindwa kanye nenani lokunisela;
- I-Perlite ingumuthi ongalimazi imvelo futhi uyakwazi ukuthatha umthamo omkhulu wamanzi (cishe u-400% wesisindo sayo) futhi kancane kancane uyinike isitshalo. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuhleleka nokuphefumula komoya kwenhlabathi;
- I-Vermiculite - inezici ezifana ne-perlite, kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe izinto eziningi ezilandelanayo, ezithinta kahle ukukhula kwezithombo. Izinto zokugcina ezimbili ezifomeni zawo zangasese zivame ukusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela hydroponic zezitshalo ezikhulayo;
- ubumba obwandisiwe.
Azikho izingxenye ezinconywayo
Uhlu lwezingxenye ezingekho ngokuphelele emhlabathini lukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kule ngqikithi sizozikhawulela thina kuphela kulezi zakhi ezivame ukubhekwa njengezifanele, kodwa empeleni azikho.
- Akufanele ungeze ubumba, ngoba kuzokwandisa i-viscosity yenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, okuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu izinga layo futhi kube nzima ukukhula kwezithombo.
- Ungafaki ukukhuphula izinto ezakhiwe enhlabathini ngenkuthalo. Akungabazeki ukuthi indaba ephilayo iyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle izitshalo, kodwa izinqubo zokubola zokusebenza zizosiza ekuqedeni ngokushesha izingxenye ze-nitrogen enhlabathini futhi zandise izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi - kokubili okokuqala nokwesibini akuthandi kakhulu izithombo ezincane.
- Awukwazi ukuthatha isisekelo senhlanganisela yenhlabathi eduze kwemigwaqo, iziteshi zebhasi, izindiza zezindiza kanye nemibhede yemifula yasemadolobheni, ngoba umhlabathi osuka lapho unesisindo esikhulu semithi enobuthi eyolimaza izitshalo zakho.
- Izingxenye ezifile zezitshalo ezihlwanyelwe akufanele zengezwe enhlabathini, ngoba izifo ezihlukahlukene, amaqanda ezinambuzane nama-fungal spores angaphikelela kuwo.
Thenga noma upheke?
Noma ubani owake watshala izimila wazibuza ukuthi uhlobo luni lomhlabathi lungcono ukukhetha izithombo - ezilungele noma eziphekwe ngezandla zakho? Maye, ayikho impendulo eqondile kulo mbuzo. Umlimi ngamunye kufanele enze isinqumo esekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe.
Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi inhlabathi etholakalayo ayihlangabezi njalo nezidingo zezithombo. Kulokhu, ungayithuthukisa ngokwakho. Isibonelo, ungandisa ukwandisa kwenhlabathi ethengiwe ngokungeza ubuthi ukuze uthuthukise ukukhula kwezithombo zika utamatisi kanye nepelepele.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ngokutshala izithombo zepelepele, utamatisi, ama-parsnips, ama-beet, ama-eggplants, iklabishi ye-savoy.Iqoqo lezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa izindawo zensimu ethengiwe kumele zifake amaphuzu alandelayo:
- kuyadingeka ukuhlola i-pH yesikhulumi, futhi uma kwenzeka ukuthola imiphumela ehluke kumigomo yemingcele evunyelwe, yenza i-acidify noma iguqule umhlabathi;
- unqume umhlabathi usebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela ezichazwe ngezansi;
- uma kwenzeka inani elikhulu le-peat engxenyeni ethengiwe, kubalulekile ukulihlanza ngokungeza u-30-40% wenhlabathi evamile;
- Ukuze ukwandise umswakama amandla, engeza i-hydrogel, i-vermiculite noma i-perlite emhlabathini.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Ngokuqinisekile noma yimuphi umhlabathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izithombo ezihloswe ngazo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utamatisi, upelepele, ukhukhamba noma iklabishi - kudinga ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi ethile ezosiza ekukhuleni okuhle nokuthuthukiswa kahle kwezithombo.
Kumele uqale ngokuhlunga inhlabathi nomhlabathi ngesihlungo, okuzoqeda amatshe amakhulu, izibungu nezinambuzane, emva kwalokho ungaqhubeka nokucwiliswa.
Ukususwa kwe-disinfection
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba bafeze le nqubo ukuze balahle izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ze-pathogenic, izibungu ezinambuzane ezincane namaqanda ezinambuzane. Ngokuvamile sebenzisa enye yezindlela ezibalwe ngezansi.
- Ukuqhuma. Ncoma ukuthi ubambe inyanga ngaphambi kwesikhathi esihlosiwe sokusetshenziswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa ibhuku lokugeza amanzi futhi inhlabathi igubha amahora amaningana. Isikhumba sokugeza amanzi kufanele sivalwe ngokuqinile.
- Ukuqhwayiza Umhlabathi uvuna ekwindla ushiywe ngaphandle, ukuwuvala, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise ukungenisa kwemvula. Inyanga ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, inhlabathi ingeniswa ekamelweni, ifudumele, ezinye izingxenye zengezwe futhi ziphinde zifakwe emgwaqweni.
- Ukubala. Le ndlela ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwehhavini noma isitofu. Inhlabathi ifakwa emgodini, isakaze emgodleni wezingqimba ka-5-6 cm. Bese ushiye kuhhavini, uphethwe ngamadriki angu-40-60, ngehora elilodwa.
- Ukushisa Lungisa isisombululo se-potassium permanganate, ngesilinganiso se-0.3 g ngalinye 1 l amanzi. Hlanganisa inhlabathi ngenhloso ngekhambi bese ushiya ukuze ume.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Acidity
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-acidity yenhlabathi kufanele ibe sezingeni elingathathi hlangothi, okungukuthi, ku-6.5-7.0. Uma, emva kokuhlola i-acidity, uthola umphumela ohambisana naloluhlaka, isidingo sokwenza ezinye izinyathelo eziqhubekayo ziyanyamalala.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokuqeda ukubola, kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumeli ama-agent abangela isifo ukungena emhlabathini, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uyilondoloze ephaketheni elivalwe futhi uvikele umhlabathi ekuxhumaneni okuqondile nomhlaba ongathintwa.Uma uthola umphumela oholela ohlangothini lwe-acidic (<6.5), inhlabathi idinga ukungcoliswa, okwenziwe ngokungeza ufulawa wama-dolomite, usimende, i-lime egobile noma umuthi okhuni emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile! Akufanele ube nesithakazelo ngokweqile uma ufaka izinkuni emhlabathini, ngoba ukwedlulela ngokweqile kungaholela ekukhuleni komhlabathi.Uma lo mphumela uthambekela ekubeni yi-alkaline (> 7), khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwengeza noma yikuphi i-alum, i-citric acid, i-sawdust, amaqabunga e-spruce noma umthamo we-birch ovuthayo emhlabathini okhona.
Ukulungiselela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi yezitshalo ezihlukahlukene
Izitshalo ezahlukene, naphezu kokuba khona kwezingxenye ezifanayo emhlabathini owenzelwe wona, kuvame ukudinga izithako ezikhethekile zokuthuthukiswa kwazo ngendlela efanele.
Isibonelo, inhlabathi yezithombo zika utamatisi kanye nepelepele kufanele ibe nezakhiwo ezincane zama-alkali, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba wengeze inani elincane lezinkuni kulo. Ngezansi ungathola izindlela zokupheka ngokwenza ama-pochvosmesy afaneleka isiko esithile.
Ukuze utamatisi
- Ukuhlanzeka - ingxenye engu-1.
- I-Sod noma iqabunga lomhlaba - ingxenye engu-1.
- Izinto zokugeleza - ingxenye engu-1.
- I-ash ash - 300-400 g ngayinye eyi-10 kg.
Ukuze iklabishi
- Umhlaba waseSodoma - izingxenye ezintathu.
- Umhlabathi ongcolile - izingxenye ezintathu.
- Ukuhlanzeka - izingxenye ezingu-3.
- Izinto zokugeleza - ingxenye engu-1.
I-pepper
- Ukuhlanzeka - ingxenye engu-1.
- Umhlaba weSodoma - izingxenye ezimbili.
- Izinto zokugeleza - ingxenye engu-1.
- I-Ash wood - 300-400 g ibhakede ngalinye.
Ukuze isitshalo seqanda
- Inhlabathi evundile - ingxenye eyodwa.
- Ukuhlanzeka - ingxenye engu-1.
- Izinto zokugeleza - ingxenye engu-1.
Ngokuba ukhukhamba
- Ukuhlanzeka - ingxenye engu-1.
- Umhlaba wase-Sod - ingxenye engu-1.
- Umlotha wokhuni - 150-200 g ngamabhakede ngamunye.
Ukuze isaladi
- Umhlabathi ongcolile - izingxenye ezintathu.
- Peat - izingxenye ezimbili.
- Izinto zokugeleza - izingxenye ezimbili.
Ukuze isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi
- Ukuhlanzeka - ingxenye engu-1.
- Umhlaba weSodoma - izingxenye ezimbili.
- Izinto zokugeleza - ingxenye engu-1.
- I-ash ash - 300-400 g ibhakede ngalinye lenhlanganisela yenhlabathi.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusizile ekuxazululeni izinkinga mayelana nokuzilungiselela kwenhlabathi yezitshalo zakho. Khumbula isidingo sokukhipha imishanguzo emhlabathini futhi ucabange isidingo sesitshalo endaweni ethile ye-acidity - futhi umphumela ngeke uthathe isikhathi eside!
