Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bokutshala isithombo sebhitrudi ukuhlwanyela ekuvuneni nokugcinwa kwesitshalo

Sonke siyazi ukuthi ushukela ezweni lakithi litholakala ikakhulukazi kubhontshisi. Kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka, inqubo yokukhulisa lesi sitshalo inzima kakhulu futhi ayizuzisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngisho nangomlimi owaziwayo.

Ama-beet adinga ukutshalwa kwemali okukhulu nomzamo nesikhathi sokufinyelela isivuno esikhulu.

Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza isithombo sebhitrudi, indlela yokukhula, ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno. Futhi ake sikhulume ngezifo nezinambuzane kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela izinkinga ezingenzeka.

Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 ha

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinyosi. Kodwa ushukela yiyona ethandwa kakhulu. Inqubo yokucubungula, ushukela, i-pulp kanye nama-molasses atholakala ngokuqondile. I-Molasses isetshenziselwa ukulungisa utshwala nemvubelo, futhi i-pulp iyinto yokudla kwezinkomo. Ezinye izinsalela ezivela kubhontshisi zingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo. Imininingwane mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ushukela kusuka ku-beet isithombo sebhitrudi, kuhlanganise nasekhaya, sitshele lapha, futhi kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani le mpande nokuthi yini etholakala kwinqubo yokucubungula.

Umkhiqizo we-sugar beet ngamunye ngehektare elilodwa kusuka ku-18 ukuya ku-30 ​​amathani.

Usizo! Ukurekhoda izibalo zalesi sivuno sesitshalo kubhalwe - amathani angu-50 ngehektare.

Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala izimpande zezitshalo ezivela imbewu

Kuphi futhi kungakanani ukuthenga imbewu?

Uma sikhuluma ngezihloko ezimbili zombuso wethu, ke kulezi zindawo amanani ahlukene kancane. Ngakho isibonelo eMoscow, i-kilogram eyodwa yembewu ibiza cishe ama-ruble angu-650. Lapho useSt. Petersburg ungathola amaphakheji ebanga elifanayo kanye namabhulekhi angu-500.

Yiqiniso, uma uya phambili endaweni, uzokwazi ukuthenga imbewu ngisho nezishibhile.

Isikhathi sokufika

Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe lethu azihambisani kancane futhi zixhomeke ezimweni zezulu.

1. Kuzozindawo lapho umswakama uhlala khona (Izindawo ezisenyakatho-eNtshonalanga zezwe), ungatshala izinyosi, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
2. Kwezinye izindawo (inhlonipho yaseCrimea naseCaucasus), akufanelekile ukulibala ukuhlwanyela.

Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuphela kuka-Ephreli noma amasonto okuqala kaMeyi.

Uma kungenjalo, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi luqala ukomisa, isibalo esikhulu sezifo nezinambuzane zihlanjululwa kuyo, okubangela kakhulu ukunciphisa izinkomba zokukhiqiza.

Indawo yokufika

Ngokuvamile, i-agronomist ikhetha lezo zindawo lapho zivame ukutshala khona okusanhlamvu kwasebusika, izitshalo zasentwasahlobo kanye nezitshalo ezikhanyayo, ngoba yizona ezihamba phambili kunazo zonke zezinyosi zezinyosi (ukuze uthole imininingwane lapho i-beet ikhula khona, yimuphi isimo sezulu nomhlabathi abathandayo, funda lapha). Musa ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini lapho babedla khona ngaphambili:

• ummbila;
• ifilakisi;
• i-rapeseed;
• Ubhontshisi obunaphakade kanye nosawoti.

Udinga ukukhetha indawo ezokwenziwe ngokugcwele. Uma kunokuntuleka kokukhanya, amaqabunga amaqabunga azokhula kuphela emaqabunga amaqabunga, ekwehliseni ukuqoqwa kwezithelo.

Yini okufanele ibe inhlabathi?

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zenhlabathi zifaneleke kakhulu ekukhuleni isithombo sebhitrudi:

• i-turf ephakathi nendawo ehlwanyelwe kahle;
• i-sod-calcareous;
• i-sod-podzolic loamy;
• inhlabathi enhlabathi.

Ama-agronomists abanokuhlangenwe nakho ancoma ukuthi bangayeki ukuhlwanyela isithombo sebhitrudi enhlabathini enjalo:

• i-peatlands;
• umhlaba onesihlabathi.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-substrate ezogcina amanzi isikhathi eside, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo umoya uzohamba kahle, ugweme ukuqhuma kwawo.

Ubuningi be-Acidity kufanele bungabi hlangothi noma buthakathaka.

Inqubo yokuhlwanyela

Manje mayelana nemithetho yokuhlwanyela nokuthi ingakanani inani le-unit unit yokuhlwanyela. Izinto zokutshala kufanele zitshalwe enhlabathini evumise kahle, okumele kusetshenziswe okungenani ukushisa okungama-6. Okufanele ukukusho lokho ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi sibekezela kahle iqhwa kodwa, eqinisweni, kuzokhula ngokugcwele kuphela emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka -15 degrees.

Imbewu kudingeka itshalwe emigqeni, ibuyele phakathi komugqa ngamunye ibe yingxenye yemitha. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kube lula kwe-agronomist: ukugcoba nokukhulula umhlaba. Ekujuleni, imbewu ayibekwe ngaphansi kwamamentimitha amahlanu. Ukuze uqinisekise ukulinganisa okuhle, kudingeka ugobe imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala okungenani usuku.

Ukutshala izinga leyunithi - 1.2-1.3 ukuhlwanyela i-unit ngalinye ngehektare (kuye ngezimo zezulu).

Izimo ezikhulayo, ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kanye nokuvuna

Ukushisa kwemoya

Izitshalo zomsuka zizokhula ngokugcwele, uma izinga lokushisa ngaphandle lingaphansi kwama-degrees angu-20. Akukho lutho olungalungile ngesithelo ngeke kwenzeke uma bephila ngobusuku obuningi ngeqhwa. Uma, emva kokuba izithombo zokuqala zivele, isimo sezulu siphuthumayo isikhathi eside, kungcono ukumboza isiko ngefilimu, ukuhlela uhlobo oluthile lokushisa. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ama-beet ekuqandeni.

Umswakama womoya

Kule nkomba, isiko asizithobeki. Uzobekezelela ngokuzithoba kokubili ukwanda komswakama kanye nokwehla komswakama. Into esemqoka ukuthi inhlabathi ngesikhathi sezinsuku ezomile kufanele i-hydrated kahle.

Ukunisela imodi

Kubalulekile ukukhetha imodi yokunisela, ngokusekelwe esimweni somhlabathi. Kumele kume ngamasentimitha angu-5-7 emva kokuchelela okudlule. Uma i-agronomist ihambisana nemigomo yokwehlisa umhlaba, isivuno sizobonisa imiphumela ephezulu yokuvunwa. Noma kunjalo, ukuchelela akukwazi ukunqotshwa, ngoba ukuphathwa okunjalo kungabangela ukubola kwezinsimu zezitshalo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

1. Okwamanje, ama-agronomists asetshenziselwa kakhulu umanyolo womhlabathi hhayi umquba kuphela, kodwa futhi utshani webolweni ubusika. Inye eyodwa yetshani idla inhlabathi izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezine ngaphezu kwenani elifanayo lomquba.
2. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ungenza izakhiwo zamanzi ezilungele ukulungiswa ngokuhlanganiswa nemifuno ephilayo.
3. Ekuqaleni kokukhula kwembewu kuzodingeka ukuthi bahlonywe i-phosphorus, ngoba yile nto edla kakhulu kakhulu.
4. Uma nje uqaphela ukuthi amahlamvu aseqalile ukukhula okukhulayo, yondla isithombo sebhitrudi nge-potassium ne-nitrogen.
5. Cishe ngemva kwezinyanga nesigamu emva kokuba izithombo zokuqala zivela, kubalulekile ukuqala ukudla nezimila eziyinkimbinkimbi, okufaka i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus. yenza lokhu kuqhutshwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili izinsuku ezingu-45.
6. Ukuntuleka kwe-boron kuyathinta kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo zezitshalo - izifo nezinambuzane zingakhula. Ngakho-ke, okungenani kanye ngenyanga, i-boron kufanele ingene ohlelweni lwempande yenkambiso.

Ukwelashwa komhlabathi nge-herbicides yokuvikela ukhula

Usizo! Ukuvikela umhlabathi kumkhula, kuwufanele ukwelaphe kuphela kulawo obulala imithi afakiwe kwiRejista kaHulumeni. Kule ndlela kuphela i-agronomist ingazivikela ngokumelene nezimpahla ezingaphansi.

I-Herbicide kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kwesiko esidlule. noma ngemuva kwalo ekwindla. Kudingekile ukushiya ukusetshenziswa kwabo esikhathini esibe nesomiso esinzima.

Ungasebenzisa ithuluzi kusuka kokhula futhi emva kokuvela amahlumela okuqala. Kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya nomhlabathi lilingana. Uma, ngemuva kokucubungula ukubulala ukhula, amanye amahora angu-6 awadluli, futhi yaqala ukuwa, ukwelashwa kufanele kuphindwe.

Ezinye izinyathelo zokunakekelwa

Hilling Okuyinhloko yale nqubo iqukethe ukuquza izitshalo zezitshalo ngomhlabathi omanzi. Le nqubo inezinzuzo eziningana:

• kusiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini;
• ayivumeli leaching izakhi;
• yakha uhlelo lwempande oluqinile;
• ithuthukisa ukujikeleza kwamanzi kanye namanzi;
• ulwa nokhula.

Ukuxubha isembozo somhlabathi womhlabathi nge-mulch ukuyivikela. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuyadingeka ukuze i-beetroot ivikele wonke ama-rhizome ezivela ezinambuzane, kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ngaphandle kwalokho, inhlabathi ayinzima futhi ayiphenduli izimpondo ngemuva kokuchelela.

Ukuhlanza

Izinsuku zokuvuna zishintshwa uma kwenzeka amaqabunga amaqabunga ehla ngenxa yezizathu ezithile (lokhu kungaba isomiso noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kubanda). Udinga ukuba nesikhathi sokuqoqa ama-beet ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwakha amaqabunga amasha, njengoba ukukhula kwabo kuzokwenziwa ngezindleko zezitshalo zezimpande.

Ngokuvamile, isitshalo "seshukela" sivunwa engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba futhi kwenziwa ngosizo lwemishini yokuhlanza.

Isitoreji

1. Masinyane emva kokuvuna ama-beet afakwa emahlombe, atholakala emaphethelweni emasimu. Isitoreji esinjalo kubhekwa njengesikhashana, kodwa kubalulekile izithelo. I-Burta idinga ukwenza utshani, bese ihlanganisa imifino nayo. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kusiza ukuvikela izinyosi ezivela eqhweni, emoyeni nasemvuleni.
2. Kubalulekile ukubeka izinqwaba ezindaweni ezizofinyeleleka ukuthutha, ngisho nasesimo sezulu esibi.
3. Khona-ke ama-beet athuthwa ukugcina isitoreji sesikhathi eside. Beka izimpande ku-kagaty. Kodwa ngaphambi kokubeka okudingekile ukusabalalisa imifino ngamaqembu: impilo enempilo, kanye nezithelo ezinomonakalo omncane wemishini. Izithelo ezithintekayo yizilokazane nezifo azihambisani nokubeka isitoreji sesikhathi eside.
4. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-beet awakhuli. Njengoba izimpande ezinjalo ziwohloka ngokushesha. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukukhetha kuphela ama-kagats omisiwe kahle angaba ne-ventilated. Futhi nje ngaphambi kokubeka, lody uphathwa ngesisombululo se-1% sosawoti sodium. Futhi kusuka ku-beet kuzodinga ukunciphisa iziqongo.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Uma ukhiqiza isithombo sebhitrudi, isazi sezolimo zingahlangana nezinkinga ezilandelayo:

• izimpande nezithelo ukubola, izinambuzane zenhlabathi - ngokuvamile i-wireworm, isithombo sebhitrudi nematode;
• izinambuzane ezilimaza amaqabunga amaqabunga ziyi-fleas, isithombo sebhitrudi esikufa, isithombo sebhitrudi fly, aphid.

Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene

Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo nezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukunamathela ezincomo ezilula:

1. khetha indawo efanele yokutshala;
2. ukucubungula inhlabathi ngesikhathi;
3. khetha abanduleli abafanelekayo;
4. ukucubungula imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ngezinhlelo zokubulala izinambuzane;
5. sebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi.

Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala isithombo sebhitrudi akusiyo njalo inzuzo. Phakathi nale nqubo, kuphakama inani lezinkinga ezanele, ngakho-ke akuwona wonke ama-agronomist azokwenza leli bhizinisi. Nokho, kunezinzuzo lapha - umncintiswano emakethe akuyona into enhle kakhulu.