UKandyk (erythronium ngesiLatin, inja canine ngesiTurkic) isitshalo esinamandla esihlala siwumndeni somndeni we-Lileiny. Ikhula esifundeni sezintaba saseNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, eJapan. E-Russia, kwasatshalaliswa eCaucasus naseningizimu yeSiberia. Lesi sitshalo saziwa ngekhulu le-1 leminyaka BC.
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-29, ezinye zazo zikhule ezingadini njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Okuthathu okungandile kubhalwe kuNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia.
Incazelo kaKandyka
Lincane ukuphakama, 10-30 cm, ngaphansi kaningi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithandeka kakhulu - cm 60. Isibani siphakeme, silinda noma si-ovoid. Esisekelo se-peduncle kukhona amaqabunga amabili amade abekwe phezu komunye nomunye, okwenza lesi sitshalo sihle kakhulu futhi sigcizelela ubuhle bezimbali.
Imbali, njengomthetho, iyodwa, inkulu ngezinsimbi eziyisithupha ezinde eziqoqwe ngensimbi elenga phansi. Imiphetho yamaphalishi igoba kahle phezulu. Ifana ne-cyclamen yangaphakathi ejwayelekile noma i-lily encane.
Izimbali ziqala ngo-Ephreli-Meyi futhi zihlala amasonto angama-2-3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbali ngayinye ivuleka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokoqobo phambi kwamehlo ethu kanye nokuqhakaza izinsuku ezingama-8. Ngemuva kokuba izithelo zakhiwe ngendlela yebhokisi elinezinhlamvu eziningana. Kepha isikhathi sokuphila kwasemhlabeni se-Erythronium sifushane, izingxenye eziluhlaza zesitshalo zomile bese ziyafa vele engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo.
Lesi sitshalo siyisitshalo soju futhi saqamba igama ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zoju. Uju lweKandyk luqoqwa izinyosi e-Altai naseSiberia. Ngefomu le-ketshezi, ngombala omnyama ngombala, kepha amakristali asheshe aqhamuke ngokushesha futhi ngasikhathi sinye kube mnyama emthunzini wobisi olubhakwe. Inokunambitheka okungajwayelekile nezakhiwo zokuphulukisa.
Ngenhloso yezokwelapha, ama-tubers erythronium nawo asetshenziswa. Baphatha isithuthwane, ukungabi namandla, izifo zamaphaphu.
Engadini, ikandyk ikhule ngama-glade ngamanye noma emagqumeni ase-alpine ngokuhlangana namanye ama-primroses. Yayisetshenziselwa i-distillation kanye nama-tulips nama-hyacinths. Izimbali azihlali isikhathi eside kusiki, ngakho-ke zisetshenziselwa izingoma zezentwasahlobo zasentwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-erythronium
| Buka | Incazelo | Kushiya Izimbali | Izinhlobo |
| I-European | Ukulungiselela ukukhula emithini nezihlahla ezinqenqemayo zezintaba zaseYurophu. Kutholakala e-Alps nasentshonalanga ye-Ukraine. Isiqu singumbala opinki, 10-30 cm ukuphakama. | Kubanzi, kuncishiselwe phansi, kuluhlaza okotshani. Amacembe akhonjwa, agobeke phezulu. Ipinki, nsomi, enomhlophe omhlophe. |
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| IsiSiberia | Itholakala eningizimu yeSiberia naseMangolia. I-bulb esesimweni ifana ne-fang. Ukuphakama kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-35 cm. Kubekezelela iqhwa kuze kufike ku-50 ° C. | Ngokwesimo se-ellipse, enamaphethelo akhonjisiwe. Luhlaza, ngemabula, enamathambo abomvu ansundu. Amasentimitha ayi-8 ububanzi, mhlophe, mapinki, lilac elinomongo ophuzi. |
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| Tuolumni | Sikhula ngokukhethekile eSierra Nevada. 30-40 cm ukuphakama. | Kwi-petiole, luhlaza okotshani, kuze kufike ku-30 cm. On the peduncle izingcezu eziningana umbala wegolide nge base green. |
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| ECalifornia | Ikhula ezindaweni ezinamahlathi eCalifornia. | I-Oblong, enesiphelo esiyindilinga. Ihlukaniswe, ubude be-10 cm. Isitshalo esisodwa noma eziningi ngesitshalo. I-White-cream enomlomo we-orange. |
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| IsiJapan | Sisatshalaliswe e-Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Japan, Korea. Akubekezeleli ukushisa. | Nqenqemeni, kuze kufike ku-12 cm ubude. Eyokuqala, i-drooping, onsomi onsomi. | Akukona. Rare, kubhalwe ku-Red Book. |
| Caucasian | Kuhlonishwa kusuka ezintabeni ze-Western Transcaucasia. Amabhuleki ayindilinga. Khula ubude be-25 cm. Ukuzwela isithwathwa. | I-Ovoid, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nenabala. Okumhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi okuphuzi. Ophakathi ubomvu-olintshi. |
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| WaseMelika | Ikhula endle ezintabeni zase-USA naseCanada | I-Oblong, enamabala ansundu. Ubude 20 cm, ububanzi 5 cm. Kuphuzi okugqamile. I-Peduncle 30 cm. |
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Ukutshala kwe-Erythronium emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Erythronium isho izitshalo zokuqala eziqhakaza izimbali. Itshalwa ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ohlangothini olungasenyakatho lwensimu, ngaphansi komqhele wezihlahla nezihlahla eziwuvikela elangeni.
Ukufakwa emalangeni kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zehlobo. Njengomthetho, ukutshala okubonakalayo kufihla kalula, futhi entwasahlobo, izilimo ziyahluma.
Inhlabathi iyadingeka eluhlaza, i-peat, i-hlepile futhi imuncu kancane ngaphezulu kokujwayelekile. Umthamo olinganayo we-humus, isihlabathi somfula nomhlaba wamashidi kufanelekile.
Emavikini ama-2 ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukufaka umanyolo esizeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha 1 m2:
- 200 g wesidlo samathambo;
- I-150 g ye-superphosphate;
- I-100 g ye-chalk echotshoziwe;
- 30 g we-saltpeter.
IKandyk isatshalaliswa yimbewu nezingane. Lapho ibhokisi lavuthwa, uma uphuthelwa yisikhathi, imbewu iyowela phansi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uwaqoqe ngaphandle kokulahleka, kunconywa ukusika amabhokisi angavuthiwe bese uwawoma edesikeni egumbini elomile nelingena umoya.
Inhlabathi isatshwa ngaphambi kwezintuthwane ukuze zingadonseli imbewu.
Kwezilimo, imisele yenziwa ibanga le-10 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye ngokujula kwamasentimitha amathathu. Imbewu ibekwa njalo ngamasentimitha ama-5, ilale futhi iniselwe kakhulu. 
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kandyka
Esihlokweni sentwasahlobo kufanele sivele. Izitshalo ezitshalwe ngale ndlela ziqhakaza eminyakeni engama-4-5. IKandyk ingeyama-primroses futhi ingenye yamaqhwa amahle kakhulu eqhwa.
Ngentwasahlobo yokuqala, ukuphakama kwehlumela kufanele okungenani kube ngu-4 cm. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukugqoka okungaphezulu kanye nokunisela okuthuthukile kuyadingeka. Ngama-ekwindla ekwindla akhiwa ngesilinganiso esingamasentimitha ayi-4. Ngonyaka wesibili, akhuphuka ngosayizi aze afike ku-7 cm. Esiwombeni sesithathu, isibani sithatha isimo sesilinda, sikhule sifike ku-8 cm ububanzi size singene shí emhlabathini - ngu-cm cm.
Ungatshala imbewu entwasahlobo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukusheshisa ukuhluma, kufanele uqale wakhe ubusika bokufakelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, afakwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki esine-peat emanzi bese efakwa esiqandisini izinyanga ezimbili.
Izingane ze-Erythronium zitshalwe enhlabathini ziye ekujuleni kwe-10-15 cm, izinhlobo zaseMelika zijule - ngo-16-20 cm, zimbozwe ungqimba lwe-mulch futhi ziniselwe kakhulu. Ngale ndlela yokusakazeka, izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka olandelayo. 
Ukuzalaniswa kukaKandyka yizingane
Ungakhulisa izithombo ekhaya emabhokisini ngaphansi kwefilimu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kude le-2-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kokuvela, ifilimu iyasuswa.
Lapho amahlumela eqinile, ayiswa isikhashana ayiswe emgwaqweni ukuze aqine. Ngemuva kokuba umhlaba uncibilike futhi ufudumale, izithombo zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Kandyk Ukunakekelwa Engadini
Ukunakekela izitshalo akudingekile. Ukunisela kuyaqabukela. Uma inhlabathi ifakwe emanzini, ukhula nokhula ayidingeki.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, izithombo ze-kandyk azondliwa, ngoba ngaphambi kokutshala, ukulungiselela nokugqoka okungaphezulu kwenhlabathi sekuvele kwenziwa. Eminyakeni elandelayo, kufakwa umquba wamaminerali ajwayelekile ukufaka izitshalo eziqhakazayo zasengadini.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-4-5 yokuqhakaza, amahlahla kandyka akhula engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba, futhi adinga ukutshalwa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuba isitshalo siphela futhi siphumule kancane - ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Nquma ukuthi isihlahla sikulungele ukufakelwa ngamahlamvu aphuzi futhi aqothulwe. Amabhasi ayembiwe, izingane zihlukaniswe ngokucophelela ku-bulb enkulu. Amaphuzu aphuzwayo afafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe.
Ama-bulbs amasha adinga ukutsalwa ngokushesha, ngoba asheshe omile futhi angahlala emoyeni isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku, uma ukutshala kuhlelwa ngemuva kwesikhashana, noma into yembewu idinga ukuthuthwa, izingane zigcinwa ezitsheni ezinesihlabathi esimanzi, i-peat noma i-moss. Njengoba kunje, ama-bulbs asemncane angahlala izinsuku ezingama-20.
Erythronium ebusika
Isitshalo siqinile ebusika. Ubusika buhlala kahle emhlabathini ovulekile. Kuphela uma ubusika kulindeleke ukuthi bubande futhi ngaphandle kweqhwa, izilimo zimbozwa ngamagatsha e-spruce noma ngamahlamvu owomile.
Indawo yokukhosela enjalo izogcina kahle umswakama entwasahlobo, ngakho-ke isuswa kuphela ngemuva kokuba iqhwa selincibilikile ngokuphelele.
Izifo nezinambuzane
UKandyk cishe akangenwa yisifo. Ukulimala kuyena kungabangelwa izinambuzane namagundane ahlala emhlabathini: amabhere, imvukuzane, izindlawu.
Ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane kunzima kakhulu. Ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezibi futhi wenze ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezingabizi futhi ezinobuntu bokuvikela.
Imichilo yebhere izobhujiswa uma inhlabathi phakathi kwezitshalo ikhululiwe ngo-10 cm ngokujula. Uma kungenzeka, ibhodlela lepulasitiki elisikwe ezinhlangothini zombili ngesimo sesilinda lifakwa eduze kwesihlahla ngasinye. Ngakho-ke izinambuzane ngeke zifinyelele kumabhuleki.
Izimvukuzane nama-shrews ziyasaba ngosizo lwamadivayisi athuthukisiwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinduku zensimbi 1-1,5 m ubude, uzinamathele emhlabathini ezindaweni lapho izinduku ziqongelela khona ubude.
Faka ithani likabhiya elingenalutho noma iCoca-Cola ngaphezulu kwesiqalo samahhala. Ibhange lizokweqa umoya, ukudlidliza kuzodluliswa kanye ngenduku yensimbi kusabise izilwane.
Izimbambo zerag ezimbozwe othulini nazo zibekwa ngqo emiseleni. Leli phunga alithandiwa kakhulu yizimvukuzane nezifo. Bazophoqeleka ukuthi bashiye indawo.
Ukuze izinambuzane zingabhubhisi zonke izitshalo ngasikhathi sinye, kungcono ukuzitshala ezindaweni eziningana zensimu ezikude kakhulu komunye nomunye.
