UGasteria ungomunye wezihlobo eziseduze ze-aloe eyaziwayo. Lesi sitshalo somhlobiso esingajwayelekile esendabuko lapha eNingizimu Afrika sizijwayele kuwo wonke umuntu ngephethini elinemibala ekhanyayo yama-buds nesimo sazo sici.
Incazelo nokubukeka kwe-Gasteria
IGasteria isitshalo esiqukethe izicubu ezikhethekile zokuqongelela amanzi. Ihlala ezindaweni ezingasencane ezindaweni eziwugwadule zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngenxa yamashidi akhethekile, iyakwazi ukuqongelela ukugcinwa kwamanzi okudingekayo kwizicubu, okwenza sikwazi ukubekezelela izimo ezimbi kakhulu zesimo sezulu esomile.
Kungokalolohlobo lwezitshalo ezikhula njalo, ihlukaniswa ngamashidi aminyene anjengolimi, ebedlala indima ekutholeni igama elingabhalisiwe "ulimi lwabameli". Igama elisemthethweni "umkhumbi obhodwe ngebhodwe" lihlotshaniswa nezimpawu ze-bud, ezinesimo sohlobo lwebhodlela.
Umbala uyahlukahluka phakathi kwemithunzi ehlukene eluhlaza (ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuye ebumnyameni) futhi kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Futhi, kwezinye i-gasteria, kubonwa amabala amancane amhlophe, iphethini yawo ehlukahluka kwesinye isitshalo kwesinye.
Izimbali ezitholakala ku-pedicel zipendwe ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene: mhlophe, o-orenji, luhlaza okotshani, obomvu, opinki.
UGasteria warty nezinye izinhlobo, izithombe namagama
Ngenxa yezimo ezithile zalesi sitshalo, abalimi babele abamele abalinganiselwa kwabayi-10 ukuthi balime ekhaya.
| Buka | Incazelo |
| UWarty | Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Amaqabunga anamanzi, kepha acinene. Concave ngesizotha maphakathi, kupendwe okuluhlaza okotshani ngokuxubana okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amachashazi amhlophe amhlophe avela ngaphezu kobuso abonakala kulo lonke ubude. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-buds avela ngesimo esifana nezinsimbi ezivalelwe ngxenye. Ubude besitshalo bufika ku-80 cm. |
| Tiny | Usayizi omncane (ngaphakathi kwama-30 cm). Ama-rosette akhiwe ngeminyaka anobude obungaba ngu-5 cm. Amaqabunga abushelelezi, ububanzi futhi anephuzu elibukhali ekugcineni. Zihlelwe ngababili bese zikhula zivunguza. Eduze kwempande, luhlaza okugcwele, futhi kupinki emaphethelweni. |
| Ichithwe | Ihluka ngamaqabunga anombala we-emerald, ngaphezu kwawo kukhona amabala amhlophe amhlophe. Ubude besitshalo bude bufika ku-20 cm. Amaqabunga akhule ngamabili, abushelelezi futhi abanzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bathola iphethini yokukhula eyindilinga. Izimbali ezibomvu ezijulile zihlanganiswe umugqa omncane oluhlaza. |
| I-Armstrong | Ihluka kubalingani bayo ngokubakhona kwamaqabunga aluhlaza wezindawo ezimenyezelayo ezimhlophe ezibumba indawo engenasici yesitshalo. Amasokisi akhiwe ngobudala afinyelela ubude obungama-5 cm. Amashidi athambekele emhlabathini njengoba ubude banda. Ama-blooms ahlukahlukene kungakhathalekile ukuthi ayini isizini. Ama-buds aqhakazile, apendwe ngemithunzi ye-pink noma yamakhorali. |
| Saber-like | Ihluka ngendlela yamaqabunga abonakala ngegama, anezisekelo zesilinda futhi abukhali eduze nasekupheleni. Zipendiwe ngombala omnyama grey-green, amabala amhlophe amhlophe atholakala ebusweni bawo. Izinhlamvu zemithunzi ebomvu. Ubude beqabunga bufinyelela ku-30 cm. |
| Ithoni ezimbili | Inamaqabunga amancanyana a-concave wombala we-emerald nge "warts" emuncu. Ama-red buds ngokushintshwa okubushelelezi kube mhlophe. Njengoba ikhula, ukuphuma kuyakhula kakhulu. |
| Mhlophe | Inezicucu ezinkulu ezakhiwe ngenkemba namaqabunga aqondile anemibala eluhlaza egcwele yemithunzi emnyama enamabala aphuzi akhanyayo kulo lonke ubude. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi 1. Ama-buds apinki noma abomvu. |
| I-Turfy | Isitshalo esiphansi, esingadluli ku-18 cm. AmaRosette akhiwa ngamaqabunga aluhlaza anendawo ebushelelezi. Amabala amancane abonakala kulo lonke ubude, hhayi ngokuphuma ngaphezulu kobuso. Izimbali zibomvu noma zipinki. |
| Imabula | Inokufana okuningi nommeli owedlule. Kulesi zinhlobo, amaqabunga abanzi kancane, amabala akha iphethini yemabula. |
| ETratu | Lesi sitshalo singobude obuphakathi, cishe amasentimitha ayi-2. Amaqabunga abanzi impela, anqamule. Ipendiwe ngombala we-emerald ngemivimbo emhlophe eshintshiwe. I-efihlekile ipinki. |
Ukunakekelwa kukaGasteria ekhaya
IGasteria ilungele abatshali abasaqala. Uyazithoba impela ekuhambeni. Noma kunjalo, kunezindlela eziningana zokukhula ngempumelelo kwezindlela ezikhulayo zendawo:
- Kubalulekile ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kuleso sitshalo, njengoba zandisa ingozi yokulahleka kwephethini emaqabungeni nokufa kakhulu (kodwa-ke, kufanele kutholakale ukushisa nelanga, ngakho-ke imbali kufanele ibekwe eningizimu-mpumalanga / entshonalanga);
- Izinga lokushisa elifanela ukukhula ngu + 22 ... +25 ° C. Ukupholisa ku-+12 ° C ngeke kube nomphumela ongemuhle obonakalayo. Esikhathini sokushisa okuphansi, akunconywa ukubeka ukubeka i-gastery eduzane namabhethri, njengoba inani lokushisa elikhiqize kabi lithinta ukukhula nentuthuko.
- Kunconywa ukufaka umoya egumbini lonke, kepha qiniseka ukuthi isitshalo asivezi okusalungiswa.
Ngenxa yekhono le-Gasteria lokuqongelela izindawo ezanele zamanzi ezithweni, izicubu ezi-2 zokunisela kufanele zilandelwe (zinqatshelwe ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuba icime, ikakhulukazi kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, ngoba lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle ngalesi sikhathi):
- kanye ngenyanga ebusika;
- kanye ngesonto kwezinye izinkathi zonyaka.
Kunconywa ukugeza amaqabunga, ukuhlanza uthuli, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi lesi sitshalo asiwa ngaphansi kwethonya elisebenzayo lokukhanya kwelanga futhi asishisi.
IGasteria nayo ayifuneki ezimweni zenhlabathi. Inhlabathi ekhethekile yokutshala i-cacti ifanelwe kahle. Ukwakheka okulungele kakhulu inzuzo ephezulu kunjengokulandelayo (5: 3: 2: 4, ngokulandelana):
- i-turf;
- ishidi lomhlaba;
- Peat;
- isihlabathi.
Ukuvimbela ukubambezeleka kwenani elikhulu lamanzi enhlabathini, kunconywa ukufaka ama-chips wobumba noma wezitini owandisiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo kunesizathu kuphela esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo phakathi nokukhula okusebenzayo nokukhula kwe-gasteria ngokuvama kwesikhathi esingu-1 kumaviki ayi-2.
Okungcono kwalokhu ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-cacti, kepha ngokwehla okuncane kokuhlushwa. Ukwethulwa kwe-nitrogen kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha ngamanani amancane kakhulu ukuvikela ukufa kwesitshalo.
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa ngokwesilinganiso se-1 ngonyaka ngonyaka wesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Lesi sikhathi sihambisana nokukhula kancane kweGasteria.
Ukuze wenze ukufakelwa, udinga:
- imbiza enkulu ngokwanele;
- izinto zokudonsa;
- inhlabathi elungele.
Inqubo yokufakelwa imi kanje:
- lungisa imbiza ngokuthela ngamanzi ngaphansi komhlaba wayo (ngokwesibonelo, ama-chip wezitini);
- khipha isitshalo kanye nenhlabathi bese usiyisa esitsheni;
- dlulisa inhlabathi esele ebhodweni olusha;
- hlukanisa izitolo ezincane ukuze uthuthukise ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha.
UMnu Dachnik uyachaza: izinkathi zezimbali nokuzilungiselela
Isikhathi sokuphumula e-Gasteriae iningi (ngaphandle kwaleyo ebonwe) ibonwa ngenkathi yasekwindla-ebusika, lapho kuvela izinhlamvu ezinhlamvu ezinembewu esikhundleni sezimbali. Entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, ukuqhakaza kuyaqala.
Ukuzala
Ukusakazeka kwe-Gasteria kungenzeka ngokuhlwanyela imbewu, ama-rosette amasha noma amaqabunga ngamanye.
Ngokuhlwanyela imbewu, kufanele:
- thenga imbewu noma uqoqe esitshalweni;
- uthele isihlabathi esitsheni bese umswakama, usabalalise ngokulinganayo;
- beka imbewu ebusweni;
- amboze yonke into ngefilimu, akhe uhlobo lokushisa okuluhlaza okotshani;
- gcina izinga lokushisa elingeqi ku-2020 C;
- ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, khipha ifilimu.
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe ama-rosette amasha kuqukethe ukuthi amahlumela akhiwa eduze kwesitshalo atshalwe kwelinye imbiza.
Le ndlela iyanconywa ukugcina ubumsulwa bezinhlobo zezitshalo.
Ukusakazwa kweLeaf:
- Khetha amaqabunga anempilo, aphelele futhi aqine, uwasika.
- Yoma izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
- Lungisa isitsha sesihlabathi esimanzi.
- Sika inhlabathi elungiselelwe ngaphandle kokunisela izinsuku ezingama-20.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo, izifo, izilokazane
Ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele ekhaya noma ukuvela kwezifo ku-sap, izakhiwo zokuhlobisa ziyancishiswa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uzijwayeze ngezinkinga eziphambili.
- Lapho kunokushoda kokukhanya, izisekelo ziyakhipha bese zincipha.
- Uma ukunakekelwa okuqondile kungabonakali ngesikhathi sokuwa nokuqhakaza, amabala ayaphela, imiphetho yamaqabunga ayagoba.
- Ngokushisa okuqhubekayo, amaqabunga ayoma futhi afe ebusika.
- Ngokuntuleka kwendawo esitsheni sesitshalo, iyakhuphuka futhi yeluleke.
- Ukunisela okunzulu kuholela ekuweni kwamaqabunga, kanye nokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kukamanyolo ekuguqukeni kombala wawo.
IGasteria ihlasela inani elanele lezinambuzane:
| Inambuzane | Indlela yokuphelisa |
| Ama-aphid | Ukuze uqede usebenzise isixazululo sensipho yokuwasha noma i-Aktara. |
| I-Mealybug | |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Khulisa imingcele yomswakama, sebenzisa isidakamizwa i-Neoron noma i-Agravertin bese umboza isitshalo ngesikhwama sepulasitiki. |
| Isihlangu | Sebenzisa i-Aktara futhi ususe abalindi ngesandla. |
| Ama-Thrips | Futha ngeFitoverm. |
Azikho izifo phakathi kwe-gasteria. Okuvame kakhulu ukubola okungwevu, okuholela ekuboshweni nasekufeni kwesitshalo ngenkathi kuthambisa kanzima emazingeni okushisa abandayo.
