IHosta (Umsebenzi) - imbali engapheli yomndeni wakwa-Asparagus, ngaphambili ibiphakathi kwamaLiliaceae. Indawo yokusabalalisa - izifunda ezisempumalanga ye-Asia.
Incazelo
Lesi sitshalo sathola igama laso sibonga kudokotela naku-botanist wase-Austria - Nikolaus Host, ongowesibili - kusosayensi waseJalimane uChristian Funk.
I-rhizome icompact, ihlutshiwe ngamafushane. Amagqabi amajamo ahlukahlukene - kusuka kuma-lanceolate amancane kuya ku-ovate ebanzi. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1. I-inflorescences iyi -hlanga. Umbala we-buds usuka kumhlophe uye kwi-lilac.
Izithelo ziyavela ebhokisini lesikhumba lesonxantathu. Imbewu imnyama, isicaba.
Amabutho - izimbali zisetshenziswa, izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 zokubamba, kodwa zimbalwa kuphela zazo ezilungele ukukhula ekhaya:
| Buka | Ukuphakama cm | Kushiya |
| Kuvuvukala | 50 | Kuboniswe kumathiphu. |
| Wavy | 75 | Zinemiphetho ye-wavy, ingxenye ephakathi imhlophe, imphetho iluhlaza. |
| Phezulu | 90-100 | Okukhulu, isicwebezelisi - isicwebezelayo. Umbala - mnyama. |
| Siebold | 60 | Amaphakathi aphakathi nendawo, ajulile. |
| Curly | 50-60 | Kubanzi. Umbala - utshani, mhlophe emaphethelweni. |
| I-Plantain | 50 | Shiny, luhlaza okotshani. |
| Inhlanhla | 50 | Imibala yamajikijolo anejusi, edongeni ukhilimu. |
Izinhlobonhlobo zemibala
Ngokunikezwa umbala wamahlamvu, umsingathi uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi-5:
- Bleu;
- Okuphuzi;
- Luhlaza
- I-Variegata - izinhlobo ezinamahlamvu anemibala, eceleni komngcele zinomngcele okhanyayo;
- I-visualgate yemidiya ilula, umngcele uluhlaza okotshani.
Okuhlukahlukene ngosayizi
Ngokubuka usayizi wesitshalo, ihlukaniswe izigaba ezi-6:
- umjondolo - ngaphansi kwama-10 cm (okusalungiswa);
- i-miniature - ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 cm (La Donna);
- amancane - 16-25 cm (iGolide Idolobha);
- phakathi - kusuka ku-30 cm kuye ku-0.5 m (Izimpaphe Ezimnandi Nezimhlophe), izinhlobo zokugcina ezinamahlamvu amhlophe, ezijika zibe luhlaza lapho zikhula);
- enkulu - 55-70 cm (Golden Meadows ne-Alvatine Taylor);
- umdondoshiya - ngaphezu kwe-0.7 m (Blue Vision).
I-hosta yembewu ekhaya
Ukuhluma imbali kusuka ezinhlwanyelweni ekhaya kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi ukuhluma kwazo kungama-70-80% kuphela, ngakho-ke izinto zokutshala zelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nezidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukukhula (ngesiqingatha sehora zibekwa kuZircon, Kornevin noma Elin izixazululo). Baphinde basebenzise i-stratation (ibekwe esiqandisini inyanga eyodwa).
Kuyelulekwa ukuthi uthenge le ngxube ezitolo zezingadi, ngoba ama-microorganisms akhona emhlabathini ojwayelekile awazithinti kahle izithombo aze avuse nokufa kwawo. Ukwakheka komhlaba kuyingxube ye-perlite ne-peat ngokulingana okulinganayo.
NgoMashi, iziqukathi zezithombo sezilungiselelwe, zisulwa ngotshwala noma isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Ungqimba lwamatshe wamatshe wamatshe lubekwa phansi, lufakwe inhlabathi futhi lumanzi. Kuleli fomu, lesi sitshalo sishiywe izinsuku eziningana, bese kuthi lapho kukhona Sebawoti, imbewu ibekwe ebusweni bomhlaba ngokwesilinganiso esiphakeme.
Fafaza ngaphezulu nge-substrate efanayo ebekade isetshenziswa phambilini. Ubukhulu bubalelwa ku-5-7 mm. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama, gquma isitsha nge-polyethylene noma ingilazi. Qiniseka ukuthi ulawula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhluma, izinga lokushisa lomhlaba liyi-18 ... +25 ° C.
Lapho ulandela ubuchwepheshe, amahlumela okuqala abonwa ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Ukuchayeka elangeni eliqondile, umswakama obedlulele, ukubuyiselwa kwesihlwathi kuyingozi imbali. Izithombo zigcinwa egumbini elinomthunzi omncane.
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga eqiniso ayi-2, isitshalo siyadedelwa. Amahholo ashukumiseleka ukuhlukanisa amabhodwe ama-25% agcwele isihlabathi. Amathangi abekwe epanini elinamanzi, lokhu kuzonikeza ukuthambisa okuphansi.
Isenzo esilandelayo ukuqina. Basusa i-polyethylene futhi bahambisa izimbali ngaphandle, okwezandla kwenziwa ekushiseni komoya okungaphezu kuka +18 ° С.
Ukulima I-Hosta Yangaphandle
Emhlabathini ovulekile, Sebawoti babekwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekwindla yokuqala. Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kwekutshala, kusayithi lelikhetshiwe, kubekelwa ligxolo likaphayini noma umquba, umhlabatsi lonamahlamvu, umquba. Ungqimba lungamasentimitha ayi-10. Inhlabathi yambiwa ngokuhlanganiswa ngezinto eziphilayo, ukujula kwenye indawo kuyindawo yokugcotshwa. Thatha amabhakede 1.5-5 wemali ngemitha yesikwele.
Imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi iniselwa ngokucophelela. Amasampula amancane nosayizi atshalwe kude nge-20-30 cm, amakhulu - cm 30- 40. Uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula luvundle, ngakho-ke, ububanzi bomgodi, ukuhlobisa okungcono. Iphendula kahle ku-mulching, ungqimba okungenani u-5 cm.
Isikhathi sokutshala
Isikhathi esihle ukuphela kwentwasahlobo, njengoba izimpande zikhula, kepha amaqabunga awakaqali. Umnqamulajuqu ukuqala kukaSepthemba. Ngokutshala kamuva, izihlahla azihlali izimpande.
Ukukhetha izithombo ezinempilo zokutshala
Ngokutshala nokunakekela okunye, izithombo ezinempilo kakhulu zikhethiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuhlolwa ukubola nezinye izifo. Ukukhetha kuyamiswa ngabameli abaqinile besiko.
Indawo yokuhlala
Amakhosi akhetha indawo iminyaka eminingi, ngoba imbali iyakwazi ukukhula ngaphandle kwezinguquko iminyaka engama-20. Indawo ekahle ingumthunzi oyingxenye ngaphandle kokusalungiswa, kepha ochwepheshe bayabheka umthetho wokuthi uma imibala inamagqabha ngokwengeziwe, isitshalo sikhanyisela kakhudlwana.
Abamele ngokugqamile kwezinhlobo bakhetha izindawo lapho i-penumbra isemini, nesikhathi sonke selilanga.
Izici zenhlabathi
Umhlaba uqoqiwe okunempilo futhi umanzeke kahle. Okufanele - ukutshalwa kolamu. I-Acidity - 6.5-7.5. Izinhlabathi zobumba ezingafakwanga kanye nama-sandstones owomile awakaze asetshenziswe.
Umgcini usabela kahle kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokufaka umanyolo ngesikhathi, lesi sitshalo sihlala sifakwe umquba.
Izigaba zokubamba
Isikhathi phakathi kwemigodi kuhlotshaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezibekwe enhlabathini:
- omncane naphakathi - 30-50 cm;
- imidondoshiya - 0.8-1 m.
Ukutshala okuphumelelayo, unisela kuqala izithombo emabhodweni. Uhanjiswa ngezimbobo kanye nesigaxa sobumba. Fafaza inhlabathi phezulu bese uyihlanganisa ukuze izinga liyi-2-3 cm ngaphansi komhlabathi wonke.
Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ngokuhlukanisa shrub, khona-ke amaqabunga omile nama-rhizomes aqothulwayo asuswa engxenyeni ngayinye.
Ukunakekelwa Kwabaphathi
Ukufeza ukulima nokunakekela kwabaphathi, gcina imithetho ethile.
Ukunisela
Yenza okuningi futhi njalo (kabili ngesonto). Amanzi ethulwa ekuseni. Inhlabathi igcinwa inomswakama, kepha ayikuvumeli ukumiswa komswakama, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sithinta isikhunta.
Ukondla
Gcoba kathathu ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukondliwa kokuqala kusesekuqaleni kokukhula. Owesibili - ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezimbali. Elesithathu - ngemuva kokudutshulwa kwehla.
Kunconywa ukuhlanganisa ukwethulwa kwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi nomquba. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokondla, inhlabathi ibanjisiwe.
Amabutho azalanayo
Ukusakazeka kwesitshalo kwenziwa ngezindlela zokuxhunyelelwa nokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Izimbumbulu
Izimbambo zenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Ingxenye enezinso zayo kanye ne-rhizome encane ihlukaniswe ngesihlahla sikamama. Izinto ezivelayo zibekwa emthunzini, zimbozwe ngebhodlela pre-elisikiwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kabusha kwezitho ezingekho kanye nokwakheka kwamahlamvu ajwayelekile kuyabonakala.
Ukwehlukaniswa nge-Bush
Yenza entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Isihlahla somama sisuswa ngokucophelela emhlabathini, kususwe izigaxa ezinkulu zobumba, bese kuthi izindawo eziwohlokayo zigawulwe. Isitshalo sinqunywa ngommese noma ngefosholo elikhombe. Ingxenye ngayinye kufanele ibe nezinso nocezu lwe-rhizome.
U-Delenki uqhubekela enhlabathini futhi amasonto ambalwa okuqala aniselwa njalo.
Izinambuzane, izifo
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, abaphathi bathinteka izifo ezahlukahlukene, futhi abalimi bahlala bebheka ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane:
| Pest / isifo | Izimpawu (umphumela kuhlamvu) | Izindlela zokulungisa |
| Phyllostiosis | Ukubuka amabala ansundu. | Onke amaqabunga anesifo asikiwe futhi alahlwe. Izihlahla zifafazwa ngeVectra noma i-Abiga-Peak, zivame ukusebenzisa isibabule se-colloidal. |
| I-Botritis | Ukubola. | Iphathwa nge-Bordeaux liquid noma iTopaz. Izingxenye ezithintekile ziyachithwa. |
| Umsuka womlomo wesibeletho | I-rhizome iyathinteka. | Bayibumba ngaphandle, bahlanze uhlelo lwezimpande, basuse izindawo ezinegciwane, bayihlise ikhambi elikhanyayo le-potanganum permanganate. Kuthuthelwe endaweni entsha. |
| Slug | Ukulandela umsipha owomile, izimbobo. | Isibaya sokuduma sibekwa ngaphansi kwetimbali, kusihlwa simbozwe nge-plywood, kusiqoqo sezinambuzane sasekuseni kwenziwa. |
| Ama-nematode anqumayo | Izindawo ezinsundu ezikhanyayo. | Izindawo ezithintekile ziyachithwa. Inhlabathi ifafazwa ngesisombululo se-formalin noma imbali idluliselwe endaweni entsha, kepha izimpande zitholakala ngaphambili ku-potanganum permanganate. |
Ngokutholwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezifo nezinambuzane, imbali isikhathi eside iyajabulisa ngokuqhakaza kwayo.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyeluleka: umgcini kumklamo we-landscape
Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kabanzi endaweni eyi-landscape sphere ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuhlobisa nokubekezelela umthunzi. Abamele ezinkulu zezinhlobo zisetshenziswa njengezinto ezizodwa, amasampula anosayizi ongaphansi kuka-10 cm, ama-slides e-alpine ahlotshisiwe noma isaphulelo. Izimbali eziphakathi nendawo zivumelana kahle ekwakhiweni kwezingadi ezahlukahlukene.
Amakhosi agcizelela okwangempela kwama-flowerbeds nemingcele. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda samathrekhi wesitayela sesimanjemanje noma amatagi omhlabathi, izimbali zibonisa ngokuphelele ukuhlobisa kwazo.
Itshalwa eduze kwama-perennials aphansi kakhulu, ama-fern, ama-daylilies kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezimbali eziqhakazayo nezihlobisayo.
