Umlimi ngamunye enhlwini lakhe lomsebenzi unesiko, lapho ekhula njalo okuyiyona into engalungile, into yebo ayikho.
Phakathi kwezitshalo ezinjalo kwabaningi, ama-radishes awahlukile.
Isiko esingazi kahle kakhulu.
Kubonakala sengathi kunolwazi olwanele lokutshala isithombo, kodwa isivuno asijabuli noma kunjalo - imisila empofu izokhula.
Sinqume ukusiza ukulungisa lesi simo nabalimi abanjalo.
Sasiqoqa lonke ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nenqubo yokutshala isithombo, siyihlola engadini yethu, futhi manje siyajabula ukwabelana nakho kwethu.
Ukulungiselela ukutshala ama-radishes noma ukuthi, kuphi, uma kudingeka uma uvela engadini?
Isiko lesitshalo sinobandayo. Ukuze uhlakulele, awukwazi ukunikeza indawo ehlukile, futhi utshalwe ngaphambi kwezitshalo ezithisa ukushisa.
Okokuqala, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokutshala izithombo zamasiko, ama-radishes anesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Futhi, okwesibili, ingasetshenziswa njengesiko lokukhanya. Isibonelo, uma uhlwanyela ama-radishes endaweni yendawo lapho uhlela ukutshala utamatisi esikhathini esizayo, ungakwazi ngisho ukuqoqa izitshalo eziningana zama-radishes, uma nje uhlwanyela njalo ngesonto.
Ngakho-ke, wena nomhlaba uyobe ulungele ukutshala isivuno esilandelayo.
Ukulungiselela imbewu: kanjani ukuthi ungalahlekelwa ngokukhetha okukhulu? yini ongayithanda?
Uma uhlanganyela ekutshaleni isithombo akusona okokuqala, ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezivunywa ukuthi wena uthanda umkhuba. Kodwa, uma ubhekene nokukhula kwalesi sitshalo okokuqala, noma wanquma ukuhlukahluka kokudla kwakho, ulwazi olulandelayo luzowusizo kuwe.
Cishe zonke izitshalo ezitshalwayo zinezinhlobo ezindala ezibonisiwe, futhi kukhona abaqalayo, ngokuvamile ama-hybrids. Ama-Hybrids abhekene nokuphikiswa okuphezulu ezintweni ezimbi, isivuno, ukubukeka okuhle nokuqapha.
Uma ekubhalweni kwembewu ubona iF1, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba uhlamvu lwembewu.
Uma ungazi ukuthi yiziphi imbewu ezizokhetha: ama-hybridi noma izinhlobonhlobo, bese uzama lezo kanye nabanye, ekupheleni kokuhlolwa okunjalo uzokwazi kakade ukuthi uthande okuningi.
Okokuqala udinga ukunquma ukuthi uhlwanyela kuphi futhi nini lapho uhlwanyela khona ama-radishes. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ngesikhathi sokuthenga ufunda ngokucophelela incazelo.
Kuncike ekutheni ukhule ama-radishes endaweni evikelekile, kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanele ukukhula ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, futhi zingatshalwa unyaka wonke. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azikwenzeki ukukhanya.
Ungathanda ukuthola isitshalo sokuqala sesithombo? Bese unikela okuthandayo ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala kanye ne-ultra-zakuqala kanye nezinhlobo.
Ngokuvamile emaphaketheni yezinhlobo ezinjalo kunegama: "izinsuku ezingu-16", "izinsuku ezingu-18". Uma izinga lokushisa eliphakeme liyi-16-19 ° C, izitshalo zempande ziyokwakhiwa izinsuku ezingu-18-22.
Lokhu kubalulekile ukwazi! Izitshalo zokuqala kanye ne-ultra zakuqala kanye nezitshalo zezimpande zakha ngokushesha kakhulu. Futhi emva kokufinyelela ubukhulu bamamitha angu-5 ayeke ukukhula. Sekuyisikhathi eside sekubekwa izakhi zofuzo. Ngakho-ke, ungalindeli izithelo ezinkulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo. Kubuye kubalulekile ukuthi ungababizi nge-perederzhivat emibhedeni, izimpande zizoqala ukukhula ziqinile, zingabonakali, zingenalutho.
Uma uhlela ukukhiqiza inqubo yokuhlwanyela ngembewu engaphenduliwe, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyibeka kuqala futhi uyihlanganise ngaphambi kokunamathela.
Ukulinganisa kungenziwa ngokuhlunga imbewu ngesihlungo ngamangqamuzana amamitha amabili, emva kwalokho okukhulu kunabo okufanele kushiywe. Kumele kube nezinsuku ezingu-1-3, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuhluma siyofinyelelwa futhi sizodlula ngaphezulu.
Okuncane mayelana nesikhathi esivame ukuvuthisa ama-radishes
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sesithombo yisikhathi sokuvuthwa. Abathandi bezinhlobonhlobo zakudala bangacelwa ukuba banakekele: "Olubomvu okuqala", "izinsuku ezingu-18", "i-Ultra Early Red".
Kodwa, khumbula, uma ufunda ephakheji lapho isikhathi sokuvuthwa siningi izinsuku, khona-ke lesi sibonakaliso sincike ekutshalweni kwesivuno ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu (ama-+15 - + 30 degrees).
Uma ukhula kuphela emhlabathini ovulekile, ke izinga lokushisa kufanele libusuku nosuku obushushu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo, ukutshalwa kwesithombo kuzobe kubambezeleka.
Kumele futhi kukhulunywe ukuthi ubukhulu bembewu buyithinta ngokuqondile isikhathi sokutshala isithombo. Ukukhudlwana imbewu, ngaphambili isithombo sizokhula.
Ukulungiselela umhlaba: nini ukuqala? Noma kunjalo, ngidinga ukuqala?
Kunconywa ukulungisa umhlabathi wokutshala isithombo kusukela ekwindla. Ngaphambi kokumba, yenza u-1 m2: cishe ama-gramu angu-50 we-superphosphate, ama-gramu angu-15 we-potashi nosawoti nengxenye ibhakede le-humus noma umquba ocolile.
Uma ungazange ulungise inhlabathi ekwindla, ke into esemqoka akumele wenze iphutha elikhulu entwasahlobo: ungalokothi ubeke umquba omusha emhlabathini, kusuka kulolu isithombo kuzoba ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenzeka kuphela ngendaba ephilayo engaphezulu.
Isidakamizwa sikhule kakhulu enhlabathini evulekile, lapho isibhamu singaqineki. Uma inhlabathi isindayo, khona-ke isihlabathi, umquba, kanye ne-peat engathathi hlangothi kunganezelwa kuwo.
I-Ph acidity ekahle ngu-5.5-7.0. Inhlabathi iyasebenza kakhulu, kunconywa ukuthi ihlanganise, noma yengeze umlotha, ngaphandle kwalokho izithelo zizobhekana nesifo se-keel (ukukhula kukhula ngesithelo).
Abakhombisi abalungile bokusila: ubhontshisi, utamatisi, amazambane, ukhukhamba.
Uma umbhede ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili, isiko ngeke sidinga ukondla okuqhubekayo. Kodwa, uma uqaphele lokho:
- Izitshalo zezitshalo nezitshalo azakhiwe kahle, kanti amaqabunga aphuzi, kuyadingeka ukondla lesi sitshalo nge-nitrogen fertilizer. Isibonelo, kungaba: i-dandelion ukumnika nge-nettle, noma ukumnika umlotha (1 indebe yomlotha ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).
- Uma amaqabunga abukeka emuhle, kodwa isivuno sempande asibophekile, bese usebenzisa ama-fertilizer e-potash.
Indlela yokuhlela isithombo sokutshala ngokufanele?
Isidakamizwa siyisiko elide lusuku, kubanda kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kutuswa ukuba uqale ukuhlwanyela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma inhlabathi ivikelekile - khona-ke ungaqala ukutshala eminyakeni eyishumi kaMashi.
Uma ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngaphansi kwefilimu noma emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli, ngokushesha nje lapho umhlaba uvumela. Njengoba ukhetha, ungachitha ukutshala ebusika.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ube ne-radishes etafuleni unyaka wonke kuphela uma la maphuzu ehlwanyelayo egcinwa:
- Emva kokuhlwanyela kokuqala kwe-radishes, kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela ibhande lokudlulisela unyaka wonke, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuvuna ukuvuna okuqhubeka njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungahlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emva kokuhlwanyela kokutshala kwangaphambili kweqabunga elilodwa noma amabili eqiniso. Le ndlela yokulima ingenzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo ezingamelana ne-tsvetushnosti.
- Uma ukuhlwanyela kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaMeyi, noma ekuqaleni kukaJune (ungahlwanyela emva kwe-ulethisi noma u-anyanisi ngenhlanzi), ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi umbhede ukhanya kahle, kodwa ngaphandle kokushaya ilanga emini. Uma uhlwanyela ku-penumbra unomphela, ngeke ukhule ama-radishes, kodwa izinhlawulo. Kunconywa ukuthi uvale umbhede ngezinsuku ezilandelayo ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-12 ngefilimu emnyama (kusukela ngo-7: 00 ukuya ku-7-8 ekuseni). Ngakho-ke, uzofaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni hhayi kwezimbali, kodwa ezimpande zezitshalo.
- Uma uhlwanyela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, umbhede wensimu kufanele uhlanganiswe futhi uhlolwe, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi inomsoco ngokwanele.
- Ukuphela kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba: kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kakade ngalesi sikhathi bakhululekile ngokwabo utamatisi, pepper kanye namakhukhamba. Usuku lokukhanya luyancipha, ngakho akukho isidingo sefilimu emnyama.
I-Radish ihluma ekushiseni kwe--1 ... -2 ° C. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu + 15- + 18 ° ะก. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu futhi kukhona ukukhanya okwanele, khona-ke ukwanda kwamahlamvu ngeke kugwenywe, imifino yempande iyoba nzima. Amahlumela angamelana nama-frost kuya ku -4 ° C.
Kumele futhi kuqondwe ukuthi uma izithombo zigcina izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwezinga elincane, ngamanye amazwi, ama-frosts asesikhashana, lokhu akusho neze ukuthi isithombo sakhula ngalesi sikhathi.
Emazingeni okushisa abandayo, isithombo sesitshalo saso sivinjelwe - "sihlala futhi silinde ukushisa". Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, lesi siko sivame ukwanda ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ngaphansi kwefilimu. Ukuthola umphumela ongenakwenzeka kulezi zimo kunengqondo.
Izitshalo zasehlobo zivuthwa izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20. Kuye ngohlobo lokuvuthwa kwe-fetal, isikhathi esithile sokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe. Iningi lidubula ngokushesha.
Enye inkinga ngesikhathi sokulima ehlobo. I-wetter inhlabathi, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zenzeke. Ungagcina futhi izithombo ngaphansi kwe-lutralis.
Uhlelo lokutshala izidalwa: balala ibanga elifanele lokuvuna okuhle
Uhlelo oluhle lokuhlwanyela isithombo singabhekwa njengama-10x2 amentimitha. Lapho kuqala isigaba samaqabunga e-cotyledon, izithombo zinganciphisa ibanga lamasentimitha angu-5.
Noma kunjalo, okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi i-radishes ehlwanyele imbewu eyodwa ikhula ngokushesha, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sitshalo sizokhipha umcibisholo ngaphansi kokuhluka kokufakelwa.
Uma ulandela ngokuqinile uhlelo lokuhlwanyela isithombo, khona-ke esikhathini esizayo isitshalo sizokhula ngendlela efanele, amaqabunga azokwazi ukuthatha indawo enezingqimba.
Kuyingozi ukuhlwanyela ngokujulile - isivuno sempande singase siqale. Inketho engcono kakhulu ingacatshangelwa ukuhlwanyela imbewu engu-10 m2 engaba ngu-15 amagremu ezinhlamvu. Cabanga ngalokhu: imbewu engu-1000 isisindo esingama-gramu ayi-7-10. Ukuhluma kuqhubeka iminyaka emihlanu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuze kube yamuva, kwakungokwesiko ukucabanga ukuthi lezo zinhlobonhlobo lapho izimpande zitshalo zikhuthazelela ukuguqula nxazonke. Ngaphambi kwamahlumela aminyene, kwakuvame ukunconywa ukutshala. Okungazange kushiwo mayelana nezinhlobo ezinezimpande eside.
Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo, ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, ingxenye enkulu ithathwa yimpande, eyonakalisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, isitshalo sezimpande ezinamahlumela, esontekile, esonakele. Kungcono kuwe ukuba ukhule ama-radishes kusuka ku-izithombo noma ngokushesha unamathele ohlelweni oluhlwanyelayo lokuhlwanyela, kodwa ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo, ulinganise izinzuzo nezingozi zombili izindlela.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nokulima kwe-artichoke.
Ukumba ngokujulile, futhi umphumela uphansi: ukujula kokufika
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-residu grooves kufanele ichithe kakhulu. Ukujula akufanele kudlule u-1 cm. Emva kwalokho, ama-grooves kufanele agcwaliswe umhlaba ovulekile.
Uma inqubo yokuhlwanyela ihlelwe ngokuhlelwa, kuyoba isikhathi esiningi kakhulu. Kungenziwa ukusheshiswa futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ngokusebenzisa i-riboni lapho utshala. Ungayenza ngokwakho, noma ungayithenga.
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-radishes kuyisibopho sokuvuna okukhululekile.
Ukunakekela izidakamizwa akuncane - ukuchelela nsuku zonke, ikakhulukazi esimweni esishisayo esomile. Uma uzama ukukhulisa ama-radishes ngaphandle komswakama, ungaqiniseka ukuthi uzohluleka. Kwanele ukubamba isithombo ngaphandle kwamanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi lokhu kuzoholela ekuthuthukiseni okungavamile.
Isibonakaliso esiqinisekisiwe sokuthi isithombo sakhula ngokuntuleka komswakama ukuqina nokuthukuthela kwesitshalo sezimpande, isivuno sempande sinzima futhi singenalutho, kanti isitshalo sishayela ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi i-radish efuna ukuphuza njalo emva kokuvela kwaleli qabunga, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi lapho isivuno sempande siqala ukwakha.
Isithombo asikhuli ngaphandle kwamanzi. Kodwa, futhi ungayidluli ngokunisela, ngoba amanzi asemgwaqweni angaholela ekuqhekekeni kwempande. Kunconywa ukulungisa imvamisa yokunisela ekushiseni kwemoya, uma isimo sezulu sesishisa - kufanele siphuze nsuku zonke.
Isiko lesitshalo sithandana. Kodwa, uma ukutshala kwenziwa ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela ngokuthula ngesithunzi somuthi, kuze kufike amaqabunga.
Abanye balimi baye emsebenzini onakekelayo futhi bakhulule inhlabathi, kanye nokususwa kokhula. Kodwa, ngeke sikululeke ukuthi wenze lokhu ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo sesitshalo, esivela phezulu.
Futhi uma utshala ukutshala emhlabathini ngaphandle kokhula, khona-ke kuze kube yilapho isithombo sikhula (izinsuku ezingu-25-30) nokhula, umbhede wensimu ngokuhlwanyela ngeke ube nesikhathi sokugwedla.
Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela ama-radishes emhlabathini okhulile. Uma uhlola ikharikhulamu yesikole, ungakhumbula ukuthi cishe yonke imifino yempande "ikhetha" umquba womanyolo.
I-Garden isithombo. Ukondla, uma kunesidingo esinjalo, kufanele kuhlelwe kusuka ochungechungeni olufanayo. I-Urea kumele ihlanjululwe ngokubala kwe-10 amagremu ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi.
Izinambuzane, zonke izindlela zokuphatha eziphumelela kakhulu
Izinambuzane zivame ukuvakashela izingadi zemifino. Zibuye zivakashele ama-radishes, futhi zingaba: izinyosi ze-cruciferous ezikhukhulayo, izinhlanzi ezingenalutho, ama-wireworms, amafosholo, i-earwig yegadi, insimu ye-field, i-middlege.
Ngendlela, i-flea "ayifuni" amaqabunga asemanzi, elinde ukuba ame. Uyakhathazeka kakhulu lapho kushisa kushisa. Into esemqoka ukusindisa amahlumela amancane avela emthonjeni we-cruciferous. Khona-ke, lapho amahlamvu ekhula, futhi i-flea iyoba ngokweqile, awukwazi ukukhathazeka - ayinaso isikhathi sokuhlala phansi.
Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokulawula izinambuzane ziyizifo zabantu. Ungakwazi ukuvikela isiko sakho se-radish kusuka ezinambuzane eziningi ngaphambi kokuphatha umbhede othulini ugwayi noma umlotha, noma ukumiswa kwamagilekhi. Ungase futhi uthathe umakhelwane omuhle ngesithombo sakho, uyobe ehlinzekela ukuvikelwa okuhle.
Ukuvuna nokugcina kahle
Isitshalo sisusiwe ngokukhetha, kuqala izimpande ezakhiwe kakade zivunwa, kanti ezinye zihlala zikhule ukuze zivuthiwe. Izitshalo zomsuka kufanele zivunwe uma ufinyelela ubukhulu obuphakathi. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenziwa ngezindlela ezingu-2-3 ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5.
Isithombo sigcinwe kabi. Ingabe lokho kuyigcina esiqandisini noma emiphongolweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuphoqa izimpande esikhwameni seplastiki ukuze zingabi nciphisa.
Okudingekayo ukuze kube nokulondeka okuhle ukusika iziqongo. I-Radishes enezintambo ezingenayo igcinwe izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela.
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zokuvuthwa kwemifino zingase zilale emgodini wokulala isikhathi eside (kuze kube izinyanga ezine) ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi.
Uma izimpande zingagciniwe, khona-ke isithombo esisemhlabathini singaphila iminyaka emibili. Ikhuluma ngokumelene nesithwathwa salesi siko. Kodwa musa ukususa izimpande, kodwa kunalokho okuphambene nayo itshalwe ngalabo balimi abafuna ukuthola imbewu yabo.
Isidakamizwa sivame ukuwela impova, kodwa kunezimo zokuzivocavoca. Izimbali ziqoqwe nge-inflorescences enhle, futhi umbala uncike ngokuphelele ezihlukahlukene: ezimhlophe, pink, obomvu, obomvu, obomvu, i-lilac. Amapetali, njengawo wonke ama-crucifers, atholakala ngaphambano.
Ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi zonke izitshalo zokulima, ezinomhlaba omncane kakhulu, zizama ukukhulisa ama-radishes, sithembele ngokujulile ukuthi zonke izeluleko zethu ezingenhla zizokusiza, kanti isivuno sesithombo sizokujabulisa. Futhi lo mnikazi werekhodi wokuvuthwa uzovula inkathi yobuningi bemifino elula kakhulu.
