UFreesia ungowokuzalwa komndeni wakwa-Iris. Kwasekhaya - Izwekazi laseNingizimu-ntshonalanga lase-Afrika. Izalwe eYurophu kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Kutholakala phakathi kwezihlahlana, eduze kwemifula yemifula namachibi. Ubizwe ngemuva kwe-botanist yaseJalimane, uFryrich Frieze. Imbali yokunethezeka nenamakha ithandwa ngokusika.
Izici zeFreesia
UFreesia unephunga elimnandi eliphikelelayo, libizwa ngokuthi "yi-Cape lily yesigodi." Izilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo zimelelwa yisibani se-atypical esikalini esikhanyayo noma esimhlophe, zivuselelwa njalo ngesizini yesibili (isibani siyafa, kuvela impande entsha). Amaqabunga athambile, alayini, aqine, ane-vein maphakathi, ubude be-15-20 cm, ububanzi obuyi-1.5 cm. Akhula ngokuqondile emhlabathini.
I-inflorescence enezinhlangothi eyodwa ene-tube emincane enwetshiwe ezisekelweni nezimbali ezingama-3-6 zemithunzi ehlukene. Kukhona ukhilimu, i-violet, pink, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe, owolintshi. Maphakathi no-Agasti, ziyaqhakaza futhi zijabule ngokubuka kwazo isithwathwa. Isiqu esinamagatsha anamanzi futhi abushelelezi siphakeme ngo-20-70 cm.Izithelo ziyibhokisi.
Izici ze-freesia:
- Inamakha ahlukene: amawolintshi, umnduze wesigodi, utshani obusha.
- Inqunywa ibe yizinsuku eziyi-10, ihlale isha futhi inephunga.
- Izimbali zimenzela isixha somakoti.
- Kusetshenziselwa ukudala imimoya.
- Izinhlobo eziphuzi zibomvu okusheshayo.
- Kuyathandwa phakathi kwabaqambi bemvelo, bakha umbono omuhle wemibhede yezimbali, ezingadini.
I-Freesia ingatshalwa ngempumelelo ezweni, ku-greenhouse, abamba ukushisa, igumbi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-freesia
Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-20 zezitshalo, abatshali bezimbali bahlakulela ezintathu.
| Buka | Incazelo | Izimbali | Iphunga |
| I-Armstrong | Khipha kuze kube ngu-70 cm.I-inflorescence njengethuki. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi nangoJuni. | Isimo se-Bell, okusajingijolo, opinki, onsomi, nobomvu. | Icitrus |
| Iphukile (ibuyisiwe) | Amafushane (40 cm) anamahlumela angenamandla wokuhluma. I-inflorescences 2-4. Iqhakaza ngo-Ephreli. | Okumhlophe, okusawolintshi. | Iminduze yesigodi. |
| I-Hybrid | Ifinyelela kubude obu-1 m, ama-inflorescence angama-7-16. | Mhlophe, obomvu. | Okuxubile: okumibalabala, yokufa, nephunga. |
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinama-petals emugqeni owodwa (i-terry), ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.
| Ibanga | Incazelo | Izimbali | Iphunga |
| Ikhadinali | Kufika ku-70 cm, inama-peduncle amathathu ama-30 cm ubude. | Scarlet, pink ngombala ophuzi. | Cishe akubonakali. |
| IBellina | Kwi-peduncle engu-25-30 cm ukuphakama, izimbali ezingaba ngu-12. | Izidakamizwa ezimhlophe, ezimhlophe, eziphuzi. | Ithathi. |
| I-Odorata | 30 cm ukuphakama, inflorescence 3-7. | Ophuzi owolintshi. | Iminduze yesigodi. |
| I-Pimperina | Kafushane, kuze kufike ku-20 cm, ama-inflorescence ayi-7. | Okukhulu, kubomvu okumnyama onqenqemeni, kuphuzi phakathi, kubekekile. | Buthakathaka kakhulu. |
| Lilac | Ukuphakama okungama-80 cm.Izinyawo ezimbili eziqonde ngqo, i-inflorescence enomumo wespike. Uyaphela ngokushesha. | I-non-kabili, i-lilac, enkabeni imhlophe. | Akuvezi. |
| Caramel | Kude, kuze kube ngu-80 cm, izimbali ezingama-7-8. | Okukhulu, okubomvu onsundu. | Akunamandla. |
| IHelsinki | Ifinyelela ama-60-70 cm, amaqabunga athambileko futhi aqobayo. | Owe-purple, i-lilac, ene-pharynx ephuzi. | Unamandla, mncane. |
| Sonnet | Ukhule ezitolo zokugcina izithombo, kufika ku-85 cm, izimbali eziyi-11. | Scarlet ngebala lewolintshi. | Kumenyezelwe okumnandi. |
| U-Elizabeth | Zisetshenziswa kuze kufike ku-85 cm. Ama-peduncle ama-3-4 kwisitshalo esisodwa. | Okububende obukhanyayo, okungewona umbimbi. | Thobekile. |
| I-Red Lyon | Kude, kuze kube ngu-80 cm. | Okukhulu, okunobumba obomvu, obomvu okhanyayo. | Iminduze yesigodi. |
| Ipinki | Okunempilo, kuqhakaza kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-25. | I-pale pink, enkulu inombala omhlophe. | Unamandla, musha. |
| Ambassia White | Kufika kuma-50 cm, amaqabunga amade, aluhlaza okhanyayo. | Imhlophe qhwa, enamabala entengo angaphansi. | Isipayisi. |
| Othandwayo we-Orange | Kufika kuma-40-4-50 cm. | I-Orange enomphimbo omnyama. | UJasmine |
| I-White swan | I-peduncle ehlala isikhathi eside ifinyelela ku-50 cm. | Okumhlophe, ngemivimbo ekhilimu. | Chill fetoha imbali. |
| I-Royal Blue | Ukuphakama okuhlukile kusuka ku-40-70 cm. | Okukhulu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. | Akuvezi. |
Ukutshala kwangaphandle kwe-freesia
Ukutshala nokunakekela enkundleni evulekile yimbali kunezici eziningana. Ama-Buds esihlahleni aze afike ku-40 cm akhiwa ngoJulayi, aqhakaza ngo-Agasti. Jabulela ukuqhuma kwe-freesia kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Ngemuva kokusika zonke izimbali, zinisele futhi bese ushiya kuze kube ukumbiwa.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Amabhishi amade adinga ukwesekwa, faka igridi enezingqimba, trellis. UFreesia uncamela amahora okukhanya kwelanga afinyelela emahoreni angama-12-14, isakhiwo ngaphandle kokusalungiswa, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nge-penumbra encane. Bemba umhlaba kahle, bawukhulula. Izinhlobo ezingemuva kwesokunxele zitshalwa eduze, izinhlobo ezibanzi zitshalwa kude.
Izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ngu- + 22 ° C. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo noma esibandayo, izimbali zilahlekelwa ukwakheka kwazo.
I-Freesia inganqunywa lapho kuvela amahlumela amabili noma ngaphezulu. Izimbali ezincolile ziyaqhuma. Inhlabathi iyakhululwa, ukhula luyakhula. Kusihlwa, amahlumela namahlamvu kuyafafazwa.
Ukufakelwa
Okokuqala, ama-corms alungiselelwe: aphathwa nge-Fitosporin, atshalwe ezitsheni eziyi-5 cm, athambisiwe, futhi ashiywe ekukhanyeni. Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, zibekwa enhlabathini evulekile, engaphefumula ngokusabela okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-acidic.
Amabhule atshalwa lapho iqhwa lidlula ekujuleni kuka-9-12 cm no-3-5 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, phakathi kwemigqa kuze kufike ku-15 cm. Indawo ekhethiwe iyagqama, ayinamifithi yezihlahla nezihlahla, isikhathi ngu-Ephreli noma uMeyi. Izinga lokushisa akufanele lihle ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C futhi lingabi ngaphezu kuka-18 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho i-freesia ngeke iqhume. Ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi ibanjisiwe. Amabhule aniselwa kakhulu, aqhuma amasonto amathathu, bese ukuthambisa kuncishisiwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngemuva kokuhluma, kwethulwa i-ammonium nitrate futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo izikhathi ezingama-3-4. Bese kuthi njalo emavikini amabili - i-superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium.
Ukunisela
Nisela imbali ngaphansi kwempande, imvamisa ngaphambi kwasemini, ukuvikela ukulimala kwamagciwane. Ngenxa yokunisela kwakusihlwa, amaqabunga kungenzeka angomile, futhi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kuzodala ukugula. Isitshalo sithanda inhlabathi enomswakama, kepha ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukuthambisa kuncishisiwe, kumiswe ngokuphelele ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
UFreesia usekhaya
Ukukhula nokunakekela ekhaya kulula kunokugcina imbali ingaphandle. Izinhlobo ezikhulayo eziphansi zikhethwa zifinyelela kuma-cm angama-25. Uma imbali itshalwe ekwindla, iqhakaza ebusika.
Izimo zokudala
Faka imbali empumalanga, entshonalanga amawindows, ngaphandle kokusalungiswa. Ebusika, izibani zokufakelwa ziyasetshenziswa. Iziqu zaso zintekenteke ukuze zingaphuli, zisungule ukusekelwa (ithala lokuhlobisa, ifreyimu yensimbi).
Imanzi njengoba inhlabathi yomile, ixazululwe, imvula, kungcolile amanzi. Kufafazwe kusihlwa, ngaphandle kokuthinta amacembe namahlumela.
Bondliwa ngama-mineral complexes kabili ngenyanga. Izimbali ezincolile zisikwa ukusindisa izakhamzimba kwabanye.
Ukufakelwa
Ibhodwe likhethwe ngobubanzi obungafika ku-15 cm, lifakwa amagciwane. Ubumba olwandisiwe noma amatshe abilayo athululelwa phansi, ngaphezulu ngamalahle kanye nengxube yomhlaba we-turf, i-peat, isihlabathi, ngokuhlanganiswa kokudla kwamathambo nomlotha. Faka u-anyanisi ayi-6 ekujuleni kwama-5 cm endishini eyodwa. Setha izinga lokushisa libe ngu-+15 ° C, landa lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala, bese kuba manzi.
Ukunakekelwa kwezithelo ngemuva kwezimbali
Ekwindla, lapho sekuqhakaza izimbali, izimbila zibunjiwe, zigcinwe kuze kube unyaka olandelayo.
Endlini
Kushunqulwa amahlumela ngaphezulu, impande iniselwa izinyanga eziyi-1-1,5 zokwakheka kwezingane. Ngemuva kwalokho kukhishwa, kuphathwe nge-manganese, yomiswe ku + 25 ... 28 ° С. Ngemuva kwalokho kuhlungwa, ukhetha okonakele, obolile.
Emhlabathini ovulekile
Lapho ngo-Okthoba iqabunga lepulangwe liphenduka liphuzi, bagaya ama-corms, basike iziqu, amakhasi bese bawahlunga. I-disinversal yenziwa (icutshungulwa eFitosporin, Azobacterin), yomile futhi ibekwe kwisitoreji.
Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, impahla yokutshala ishiyelwa ubusika, imbozwe ungqimba we-mulch.
Isitoreji se-Bulb
Gcina izinto zokutshala endaweni emnyama, ngamanetha, kumswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa + 29 ... +31 ° C, amasonto ayi-12-16, bese wehlisa (amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala) kuya + 12 ... +13 ° С.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Fenceia
Sakaza imbali ngama-bulbs, imbewu.
Ngemuva kokumba, ama ahlukaniswa ngumama futhi atshalwe ngokwehlukana entwasahlobo. Kulesi siza, izingane ziyakhula. Ayasuswa, abulala amagciwane ekwindla, omile, agcinwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ehlobo azoqhakaza.
Ngosuku olwandulela ukutshala, imbewu ibulala amagciwane nge manganese. Bese ujula ngo-1 cm emabhokisini ngengxube yesihlabathi, i-peat, humus ngokulinganayo. Mboza ngefilimu, kholisa umoya njalo, gcina izinga lokushisa lika + 20 ... +25 ° C, nisela inhlabathi. Ukuvela kwamahlumela kulindeleke ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-23-25, kuthathwe, kususwe ukhula, kumanyaniswe nokwakhiwa kwe-potassium-phosphorus masonto onke.
Kuqukethe ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Dive izithombo kude nge-5 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Amazinga okushisa angcono kakhulu +20 ° C kanye nomswakama ophezulu, bese wehliselwa ku + 14 ° C, otshalwe emgwaqweni ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi.
UMnu Dachnik uxwayisa: izifo nezinambuzane ze-freesia
Uma ama-bulb engahlanjwanga noma aphathwa ngendlela engafanele, i-freesia ivezwa izifo zezikhunta nezinambuzane.
| Isifo / iPest | Ukubonakaliswa | Iyacubungula |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Amabala ansundu ngenhlanganisela empunga. | I-Alirin-B, iTrichodermin. |
| Igciwane likaMose | Esihlahleni, izindawo ezimanzi ngesimo sephethini, bese ziphenduka ziphuzi. | I-Fundazol. |
| I-Fusarium | Amaqabunga aba mncane, aphuzi, omile. | I-Fitovit, i-Previkur. |
| Isikali | Kuphuzi, ukuthanda amathiphu amaqabunga. Amabala amabala ansundu ezansi kwesiqu. Isitshalo siyabeka. | Ayikwazi ukwelashwa. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Kumaqabunga nasezihlahleni zewebhu. | I-Actellic, i-Fitoverm noma insipho yethafu. |
| Ama-aphid | Amahlumela namaqabunga anamathela, abune, abe mnyama. | Susa izingxenye ezilimele. Isixazululo sensipho ngokhuni lomlotha noma ngeKarbofos, iTanrek. |
| Ama-Thrips | Amaqabunga ayachazwa, kunamachashazi amaningi kuwo, amabala ansundu asengxenyeni engezansi. | IMospilanom, i-Actara. |
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-freesia
Imbali ibukeka inenzuzo emibhedeni yezimbali, imingcele, emakamelweni, ehlanganiswe ne-cyclamen, i-lily, i-magnolia. I-Freesia ihlobisa izingcezu zezimbali nganoma imiphi imikhosi, isetshenziswa ekwenzeni amakha, imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphunga laso lisiza ngokuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukucindezelwa, ukunciphisa ukuqwasha, futhi lithuthukise amandla omzimba. Kukholelwa ukuthi imbali inika umnikazi amandla, inika isibindi, ivikela namandla.
