Ngokwezibalo, insimu yokulima kanye ne-agrotechnology iye yathuthuka kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva. Kunezinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo, amadivaysi okucubungula ezitshalo ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokucubungula kanye nomanyolo. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuhlinzekwa ngengozi yomanyolo ophilayo, njenge-phacelia: uhlobo luni lwe-siderat, indlela yokulusebenzisa ngokufanele, yiziphi izici zokukhula kwesitshalo se-forage - ake sibheke.
Iyini inani le-sideratov
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kanye nezinzuzo zezingcingo, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukuthi lokhu kuyini. Umquba ohlaza yizo lezo zitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo esikhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kucebise inhlabathi ngezici ezihlukahlukene ezidingekayo. 
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi isitshalo esikhulile senza kakhulu umhlabathi, ukunciphisa inani lezakhi kuwo, futhi kunganciphisa isivuno esizayo. Ukuze inhlabathi ingalahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo futhi inezakhi eziwusizo ezicebile, futhi kusetshenziselwa izikhali - zicebisa kahle ungqimba ophezulu we-humus futhi zibuye zithuthukise ukwakheka nesakhiwo somhlaba.
Inani lezitshalo ezinjalo yilo:
- ukunakekelwa okuphansi nokumelana nokubandayo - kungatshalwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla;
- izinga lokunethezeka kwenhlabathi - ukubaluleka kwezidakamizwa ngezinye izikhathi kudlula umquba noma i-humus;
- ukwehla kwenhlabathi ye-acidity;
- ukuvikelwa kokhula;
- ukucubungula kwezinqubo ze-microbiological emhlabathini;
- ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo zesikhathi esizayo ezivela ezinambuzane kanye nezinye izinambuzane;
- ukwelashwa nokubuyiselwa komhlaba ngemva kokuguguleka komhlaba.
Ama-siderats afaka izitshalo ezifana nama-oats, i-lupins, i-rye, lwesinaphi esimhlophe, i-fatseliya kanye nabanye. Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwalezi zitshalo, isikhathi sabo sokutshala asihlanganisiwe nenyanga ethile - lezi zitshalo zibekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphansi kahle. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke lezi zinto ezisemkhathini ezijwayelekile: ezinye zihloswe ukuhlwanyela ngaphambi kwesitshalo esithile sesitshalo esithile.
Kubalulekile! I-Phacelia iyinhlangano yamanzi e-foci - ayinayo izifaniso nezinye izitshalo ezitshalwe ezitshalweni zemifino. Ngakho-ke, ngokungafani nezinye sideratov, kungatshalwa ngaphambi nangemva kokunye izitshalo.
Phacelia njengoba siderat: izinzuzo kanye nezimo
Lesi siko singomndeni we-buravchikovuyu. Kungabizwa ngokugcwele ngokuthi yonke indlela yokuvuselela inhlabathi - ngaphambi nangemva kwayo ungahlwanyela noma yikuphi izitshalo nezitshalo. Abalimi abaningi bakubiza ngokuthi isitshalo esihle - ngenxa yobuningi izakhiwo ezinhle. Lezi zihlanganisa:
- Izakhiwo ze-phytosanitary - ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi. Ngenxa yokungafani nokungafani kwamanye amasiko, i-phacelia ikwazi ukuxosha izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene - ngokuheha izintambo ezibhubhisa zonke izinambuzane. Lesi sitshalo singasusa isitshalo sezinkumbi, amabhu, tsvetoeda kanye nematodes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wokuhlanza utholakala ngokuvimbela ukubola, ukoma okuqinile kwezithelo kanye nesitshalo ngokwaso (ngakho-ke, i-phacelia ivame ukusetshenziswa njengamanyolo amazambane).
- Ukuheha izinyosi - i-phacelia iyisitshalo esimnandi seju. Izimbali ezinkulu zesitshalo seziqhakaza ngemva kwamasonto amahlanu emva kokutshala futhi ziqhakaze njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili. Iphunga nephunga lezimbali liheha izinyosi eziningi, ama-bumblebees - ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo naso siyadingeka kakhulu kubanikazi bezinyosi.
- Ukucebisa umhlaba. I-Phacelia ingenakuzithoba kangangokuthi ingakhula ngisho nasemhlabathini womhlabathi, kanye nobumba, amanzi namanzi. Ngakho-ke, ngokutshala umquba onjalo oluhlaza, ungathola isitshalo ezindaweni ezimbi kunazo zonke nezingafaneleki. Kodwa-ke, uma umhlabathi ubumpofu kakhulu - ukufika okukodwa komquba ohlaza kungase kunganele. Kulesi simo, kuzodingeka ukuhlwanyela phacelia kuyo yonke inkathi.
- Ukususwa kokhula. Ngokuqeda ukwanda kwe-acidity yenhlabathi, i-phacelia yenza ukuthi ingafaneleki kulawo ukhula oluhambisana nemvelo e-acidic - isibonelo, izinkuni zezinkuni.
- Ukubukeka okukhangayo - lo "umanyolo" ubukeka kahle emibhedeni.
- Ukudubula okusheshayo nesiko sokuvuthwa - Lesi sitshalo sizokhula ngokugcwele (kufika ku-30 cm) phakathi nenyanga. Emasontweni ama-4, isisindo se-phacelia singafinyelela ku-300 kg ngehora eli-1 - lokhu kufana ne-300kg yomquba.
- Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost. Ibuye ibekezelele ukushisa, isomiso esinzima, umoya, ukungabi nelanga.
- Ikhono lokuzimela - uma nje lesi sitshalo singeke sinqunywe ekuvuthweni okugcwele kwembewu yayo.
Ngokuvamile, azikho amaphutha okusobala kulo mquba ohlaza. Nokho, ezinye i-agronomists zibhekisela kuye izimfanelo zamasiko ezingalungile:- Lesi yisitshalo saminyaka yonke - ukuze kucebise inhlabathi, umquba ohlaza okweluhlaza uzodinga ukutshala njalo ngonyaka futhi ngezinye izikhathi izikhathi eziningana ngesizini;
- isidingo sokusika imifino eluhlaza ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo eziyinhloko.
Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwalezi zinsalela ezincane, i-phacelia isalokhu isodwa sezingodo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswe kaningi ku-agronomy yanamuhla.
Uyazi? I-Phacelia ivela eMelika. Igama layo lihunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini njenge "isivuno".
Iziphi izitshalo okungcono ukusebenzisa
Izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zalesi sitshalo zisho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi zisetshenziswe njenge-siderata yazo zonke izitshalo. Ngokuba izitshalo, lisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ekulondolozeni - i-legumes ikhuphuka, kanti iPacelia idonsela inqwaba yezinambuzane ngephunga elikhanyayo lezimbali zalo.
Amazambane, izaqathe, ama-beet nezinye izitshalo ezivuthwa emhlabathini, lesi sitshalo siyisivikelo esibalulekile ngokumelene nama-parasites abhubhisa izilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo. Kuzo zonke ezinye izitshalo, izakhiwo zemifino eluhlaza ziyakwazi ukucebisa umhlabathi futhi zandise isivuno sezitshalo, kanye nokuzivikela ezinambuzane nasezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Izici ze-Agrotechnical zokulima
Ukukhula phacelia njenge-siderata akudingi isikhathi esiningi noma amadivaysi akhethekile. Noma kunjalo, kunezinye izincomo ezizokutshela indlela yokuhlwanyela lesi siko ngendlela efanele.
Njengoba sideratov futhi isetshenziselwa izitshalo ezifana lupine, alfalfa, nokunye okufana nokolweni.
Lapho ukutshala
Njengomthetho, phacelia itshalwe Izikhathi 2 ngonyaka - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla, emva kokuvuna. Ngokuqothulwa okukhulu kwenhlabathi, inani lokufika liye landa kuze kube izikhathi ezine. Ukutshala izitshalo kusetshenziselwa ukucebisa inhlabathi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokwamukela isitshalo samanje, kepha ukutshala ekwindla kuzovimbela ukomisa noma ukuqandisa ngokweqile kwenhlabathi ebusika.
Ezinyangeni zentwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sitshalwe ngemuva kweqhwa lokuqala, ngisho noma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwe-0 ° C. Lesi sitshalo sikhula futhi sivuthwe ngokushesha - ngakho sihlwanyiswa cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo ezinkulu zitshalwe.
Ukuheha abavukuzi bezinyosi, i-siderat ihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo noma ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kulesi simo, itshalwe phakathi kwemibhede yezitshalo eziyinhloko. 
Ngesikhathi sokutshala i-siderat ekwindla - isitimu ngasinye sithatha isinqumo. I-Phacelia ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna (maphakathi nekwindla), nangemva kokumba ingadi yemifino. Into esemqoka - ukuba nesikhathi sokuhlalisa isiko ngaphambi kweqhwa.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokuvuna amazambane, i-siderat kufanele ihlwanyelwe ngokushesha - ngaphandle kwalokho umhlaba uzoba mpofu kakhulu futhi ungacindezelwa.
Indlela yokutshala
Lapho utshala izitshalo kukhona neminye imithetho:
- Izinga lokutshala alikho ngaphezu kuka-200 g ngalinye ngehektare elilodwa lemifino yemifino.
- Inhlabathi akumele ibe eyomile kakhulu, uma kwenzeka isomiso esinzima kungcono ukumanzisa inhlabathi (uma ukutshala kwenzeka ehlobo, bese kuthi entwasahlobo nasekwindla akudingekile ukuwasebenzisa).
- Ukumba ngaphambi kokutshala akudingeki - noma kunjalo, kuyasiza ukukhulula kancane inhlabathi.
- Imbewu idinga ukucindezelwa emhlabathini ngamasentimitha ambalwa - ngenomoya oqinile, imbewu encane yesitshalo ingashulwa ngaphandle kwesayithi.
I-Phacelia ihluma kalula, ngakho imbewu yayo ayidingi ukuhamba ngaphambi noma ukunye ukucubungula. Ungagcina imbewu ye-phacelia esikhathini esizayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, isitshalo sitshalwe endaweni ehlukile, kude nensimu (ukuze imbewu ingaqhubeki emibhedeni futhi ingahlanganisani nembewu yezitshalo). Khona-ke udinga ukulinda ukuvuthwa okuphelele kwe-siderata - isonto eli-6 kuya kwe-7 ngemva kokufika. Ngemuva kwe-phacelia ottsvetet, iziqu zalo ziyakhiwa futhi zome. I-siderat eyomile ifakwe kahle futhi imbewu iyatholakala.Uyazi? Sekuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-75 ze-phacelia njengesiko-kodwa-ke, ngokusebenza kuphela izinhlobo ezintathu ezisetshenzisiwe: i-bell-shaped, twisted and pizhmolistny.
Indlela yokunakekela
Okunye ukubaluleka kwalesi siko kuwukuthi ukungathobeki. Lesi sitshalo asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile - akudingeki ukuba amanzi athelwe noma avikelwe emoyeni. Emva kwamasonto amathathu, izitshalo eziyinhloko zingatshalalwa ensimini yokuhlwanyela. Izitshalo ezinjengama-strawberries, i-pepper, ama-raspberries, utamatisi, atshalwe ngqo phakathi kwe-sideratom. Ngale ndlela, i-phacelia izovikela isitshalo esincane, esinesibhakabhaka esisuka emoyeni, ekushiseni, noma ekudleni. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane, anyanisi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi (lezo zitshalo ezivuthiwe izithelo emhlabathini), isitshalo kumele sinqunywe. 
Nini ukutshala okuluhlaza
Nini ukuhlanza i-siderat kuzoxhomeka kulokho okwakuhlose ukufika. Uma i-phacelia itshalwe ukuze ithole izinyosi, kufanele ihlwanyelwe futhi ihlwanyele kabusha njengoba ikhula. Uma kuhlwanyelwe ekupheleni kwehlobo - kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekwindla (ukuze kubuyiselwe futhi kucebise inhlabathi), i-phacelia inqunywe ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo zasebusika zitshalwe. Ukutshala i-phacelia ngesikhathi sebusika kufakazela ukukhuphuka kwayo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - kulokhu kunqunywe ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile izitshalo eziyinhloko. Ukutshala okusabalalisa kwentwasahlobo ka-siderata akukwazi ukunqunywa ngokuphelele, futhi ushiye iziqu ezincane - lokhu kuzovikela izitshalo ezithisa ukushisa kusukela ekumeni.
Ukuze kucebise hhayi kuphela ungqimba ophezulu wenhlabathi, ubukhulu obuluhlaza bubekwe phansi ezingeni lokugcwaliswa okugcwele kwamafosholo - lolu hlobo lokumba luzocebisa futhi lukhulule inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala ugarlic noma anyanisi.
I-versatility kanye nokubaluleka okukhulu kwe-phacelia njenge-siderata kwenza kube lula ukuthi ungenezeli umanyolo noma amaminerali ngaphezulu emhlabathini - uma etshalwe izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngonyaka, lokhu kuzoba yisiqinisekiso esihle sokuthola isivuno esikhulu kanye nokucebisa inhlabathi enhle kakhulu.
