I-Clove iyi-herbaceous perennial evela emndenini we-Carnation. Lesi sitshalo saziwa ngabaningi. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi le mbali ihlotshaniswa neRevolution Revolution, kepha kuze kube namuhla, izihlahla ezinhle eziqhakaza izimbali eziqhakaza izimbali namahlumela asesiqeshini zithandwa kakhulu. Igama lesayensi lama-clove - dianthus - kusuka olimini lwesiGrikhi sakudala lihunyushwa ngokuthi "imbali kaZeus" noma "imbali yezithixo." Indawo le itholakala eMedithera, eNyakatho Melika, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-nzalo amasha akhiwa njalo, amaningi awo angeniswa emasikweni. Amakhethini wokuhlobisa afanelekile ngisho nokukhula ekhaya, into esemqoka ukukhetha indawo efanelekile kubo bese ulandela imithetho yokunakekelwa.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Clove isitshalo sezimbali esihlala isikhathi eside, esimeni sezulu esifudumele kwesinye isikhathi sivame ukukhula njengonyaka. I-rhizome inesakhiwo senduku enamagatsha amancane abambelele kuwo; ingena emhlabathini ngamasentimitha angama-20 kuphela. Amahlumela aqhakaze kancane futhi engxenyeni ephezulu. Akhula ngobude ngamasentimitha ayi-15-75 futhi ahlelwe ngokuqondile noma alale phansi. Ngama-perennials, isisekelo sesiqu sincishiswa kancane kancane futhi sibe namafomu amakhulu esihlahla.
Ngalo lonke ubude bez amahlumela kuzona, kugqame ukuqina. Amagobongo efomu le-lanceolate noma elakhiwe njenge-awl ahlala esiqwini. Bahlukene, ngababili. Imiphetho yamahlamvu aphelele noma abumbene, futhi ukuphela kuyakhonjwa. Ingaphezulu bushelelezi, lilukhuni, linokuhlanganiswa okumpunga noma kwesiliva.
Entwasahlobo sekwephuzile, izimbali ezinkulu ezinkulu (ezifika kububanzi obuyi-5 cm) ziqala ukuvela eziqongweni zezihlumela. Ngezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa, zingahlelwa ngamaqembu ngezambulela eziyinkimbinkimbi noma izihlangu. Phansi kwembali kubonakala indebe yecylindrical enamathuna abushelelezi. Ngaphezulu kwaso, izimbali ezinamacembe amahlanu abanzi ziyaqhakaza. Ingaphezulu lezinsimbi libushelelezi noma ligcwele ukonakala, futhi imiphetho inobujamo obahlukahlukene bokuhlukaniswa. Izimbali zikhipha iphunga le-tart. Engxenyeni ephakathi kukhona ama-stamens ayi-10, avele kancane ku-calyx, kanye namakholomu ama-2 esibelethweni.
Ukungcola kwenzeka ngosizo lwezinambuzane. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ibhokisi lembewu liyavuthwa, ngaphakathi lapho kunezinhlamvu eziningi ezincane ezithwetshiwe ezinendawo emnyama enamanzi amaningi. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, ibhokisi livula ngamaphiko ama-4.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-clove
Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-300 zezitshalo.
Clove utshani. Ohlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseSiberia ihlumela elinamagatsha angama-20- 40 cm ubude. Iziqu zihlukaniswe ngamafushane (ama-herbs) futhi zinde (zimbali). Amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile aluhlaza ngobubanzi awudluli ku-3 mm. Izimbali zitholakala phezulu kwehlumela lezingcezu eziyi-1-3. Zine-calyx e-purple cylindrical ne-carmine-red obovate petals. Imiphetho yamaphalishi ihlulekile futhi igoba ngamandla. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Okthoba.
Umkhosi waseTurkey. Isitshalo esingabekezeleleki esidabuka eningizimu yeYurophu. Ihlala iminyaka emi-2 kwaphela futhi ikhula ngama-35-75 cm ukuphakama. Amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza obude obungu-4-10 cm ubude angama-1-2 cm. Izimbali ezilula ezinobubanzi obungu-2-3 cm zipinki, zimhlophe, zinsomi ngombala, imvamisa ezinemiphetho elula. Ezinhlotsheni zokuhlobisa, izimbali ziqoqwa kumagada aqine anesilinganiso esifinyelela ku-12 cm.
Ukuhlobisa ingadi. Umuntu ohlala eMedithera ukhetha isimo sezulu esifudumele nomhlaba omanzi novundile. Isitshalo sangemvelo siyakwazi ukufinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-80. Inamaqabunga alula aqondile anemibala eluhlaza grey aze afike ku-15 cm ubude. Izimbali ezizodwa ezinama-corollas ama-semi-Double aqoqiwe ngamaqembu zibe ama-inflorescence ama-umbrella ayinkimbinkimbi. Ububanzi be-corolla buyi-3-5 cm.
Carnation Shabo. Ukuhlukahluka kwama-clove engadi kwakha isihlahla esiminyene sokukhula okukhanyayo okuluhlaza okufika kuma-60 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga womugqa ongemuva awadlula ku-1-2 cm ubude. Ama-corollas amakhulu aphindwe kabili futhi aphindwe kabili anobubanzi obungaba ngu-4-7 cm eziqwini.Imibala yamaphalishi ihluke kakhulu: ukhilimu, obomvu, opinki, ophuzi, omhlophe. Imiphetho yamaphalishi inqunywa icishe ibe yingxenye.
Ukuhlobisa amaShayina. I-Bushy perennial cm 15-50 cm ukuphakama imbozwe ngamahlamvu ama-lanceolate amade asontekile ekugcineni. Izimbali ezimbolekile noma ezimbili zinoqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaJulayi bese zibamba kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala. Umthunzi oyinhloko wamacembe ungahluka: burgundy, pink, mhlophe. Ngaphezulu kuhlala kukhona imivimbo noma imichilo yombala we-maroon. Izinhlobo ezidumile zama-clove ama-Chinese terry:
- IDayimane - isitshalo eside, esifile siphela ngezimbali eziphindwe kabili obomvu;
- I-Tenderness - isihlahla esiphakeme esiphakathi esinamahlamvu amhlophe;
- IVesuvius isitshalo esimfushane esinamapompon amakhulu e-orange.
Clove Cirrus. I-herbaceous perennial 30-40 cm mude inesiqu esiqondile, cishe esingabanjwanga. Njengamaqabunga, inendawo ebushelelezi eluhlaza. Izimbali zikhipha iphunga elinamandla kakhulu. Esiqongweni esinamagatsha anamanzi, aqoqiwe izingcezu ezi-2-4 ngesambulela esikholekile. Amacembe ajwayelekile amhlophe noma apinki asikwa emaphethelweni aze abe yingxenye.
I-carnation yensimu. Isitshalo esivela eCentral Europe nase-Asia siyaphawuleka ngobude baso obukhulu kanye nobhejane obambekayo. Iziqu ezincanyana ezicijile zihlotshiswe kakhulu. Phezulu ngoJuni-Agasti, izimbali ezincane ezizwelayo ziyagqabha ngamaphayini apinki apinki. Ububanzi be-corolla buyi-1-2 cm, kepha ngenxa yenani labo elikhulu, kwakheka umcamelo ogelezayo ogelezayo noma i-turf.
I-Carnation Alpine. Abakhileyo ezintabeni zase-Italy, eSlovenia nase-Austria bakhula kahle emhlabathini onama-calcareous. Ubude bendawo yokuhlala, amahlumela acashile angamasentimitha angama-20-25. Amahlumela aluhlaza ahlotshiswe ngezimbali ezilula ezibubende onsomi enamaphara abanzi amabala.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ngokwesiko, ama-clove atshalwa njengaminyaka yonke noma ama-perennials. Isizathu salokhu ukuguga okusheshayo nokulahleka kokuhlobisa. Ingasatshalaliswa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile. Indlela ilungele izinhlobo zonyaka. Izimbali zivame ukwakha ngonyaka wokuqala, futhi ukuqhakaza kuqala isizini elandelayo. Umsebenzi uqala ngoMeyi, lapho isilinganiso sokushisa sansuku zonke kufanele sibe ngaphezulu kuka + 15 ° C. Bemba inhlabathi kusenesikhathi futhi benza umanyolo. Imbewu isatshalaliswa ngemigqa ngebanga le-10 cm bese ingcwatshwa ngo-1 cm.
- Izithombo ezikhulayo. NgoMashi, kulungiswa amathangi anengxube yesihlabathi, umhlabathi we-turf kanye ne-peat. Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, umhlabathi ubulala amagciwane. Imbewu encane isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kumuntu obanzi obungu-5-10 mm. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi liyafafazwa kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza futhi lambozwa ngefilimu. Ukushisa okuluhlaza kugcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-18 ° C. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10, kuvela izithombo. Ukusuka kulo mzuzu, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa futhi amazinga okushisa ehlisiwe afinyelela ku + 12 ° C. Izitshalo zidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ngakho-ke udinga ukusebenzisa ama-phytolamp. Izithombo ezinamaqabunga amabili angempela zidonswa kumakhasethi noma kubhodwe we-peat ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi yengadi nesihlabathi.
- Izendlalelo ze-Rooting. Isiqu sokumila eduze kwendawo siyalimala futhi le ndawo igxunyekwe emhlabathini ngepompo lezinwele. Ukuhlelwa kufanele kuniselwe njalo. Endaweni yokuxhumana nomhlabathi, kuqala kwakheka izimpande, bese kumila amahlumela amasha. Ngemuva kwalokho, isitshalo sihlukaniswa.
- Izimbumbulu. Ngentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, amahlumela amasha angamasentimitha angama-10 ubude.Ukuhle uma ingxenye yesiqu esidala ihlala endaweni yazo. Amapuleti amaqabunga asikwa phakathi. Isilayi siphathwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-manganese. Amahlumela atshalwe ebhodweni enenhlabathi evundile engadini. Kufanele zophuziswe njalo futhi zifakwe umfutho isonto lonke. Ngemuva kwalokho izithombo zivezwa ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Inqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo ithatha inyanga.
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Indlela le ilungele izinhlobo ezine-stem ezinwabuzelayo kanye ne-rhizome ehamba kancane. Entwasahlobo, i-turf iyambiwa futhi ihlukaniswe izingxenye zayo, ezitshalwa ngokushesha emigodini enomhlabathi ovundisiwe. I-Delenki izimpande izinsuku ezingama-7-10.
Ukutshala nokunakekela kwangaphandle
Amankonyane adinga indawo ekhanyiselwe kahle, evikelwe okusalungiswa. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa endaweni efudumele esitebeleni ngaphandle kokupholisa ngokuzumayo ebusuku. Inhlabathi kumele ibe egcwala futhi ivundile, ngaphandle kokuswakama ngokweqile. I-acidity efanelekile i-alkaline kancane. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlaba wembiwa ngomquba, isidlo sethambo noma umhlwa. Ngemuva kwalokho izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu.
Ukunisela okwengeziwe kwenziwa njalo nangezingxenye ezincane. Izimpande ezingaphezulu noma imvula encane yanele ukondla, kepha ngesomiso, ziyahlupheka kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukuvimba amanzi ukuthi angangeni kuma-buds.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa kaningana ngesizini. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi ivundiswa nge-ammonium nitrate noma nge-potassium sulfate. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, izitshalo zihlanganiswa ngomquba obolile noma nge-superphosphate, kuthi ekwindla inhlabathi ifakwe umquba. I-clove yonyaka yanele isigamu somuthi womanyolo.
Ukuze uthole ama-compact wide bush, phina amahlumela ngenhla kwe-2-3 amafindo. Izimbali ezibunjiwe ziyasuswa. Sisadinga ukukhulula inhlabathi njalo futhi sisuse ukhula. Lapho kukhula ama-clove ama-bouquets, amahlumela aseceleni nengxenye yamahlumela asuswa ukuze okusele kukhulu kube namandla. Izitshalo ezinde ziboshwe ukuze isihlahla singalali lapho kune izimvula ezinamandla nomoya oqinile. Ekwindla, lapho ukuqedwa kwezimbali kuqediwe, ihlumela lonke linqunywa lifinyelele ku-10 cm cm. Isithwathwa akusiyona imbangela enkulu yomonakalo, kepha ukugcwala kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, ngakho-ke selokhu liwa ligotshwe ifilimu ne-lapnik.
Kulezi zifo, ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke imelelwa izifo zokukhunta (fusarium wilting, phyalophora, rhizoctonia). Kungenzeka ukusindisa isitshalo kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. Amahlumela owonakalisiwe kumele asuswe bese kuthi yonke imifino iphathwe neFundazol, iTopsin, noma iBordeaux Fluid.
Izinambuzane zama-clove ziyi-scoop, thrips ne-gode nematall. Akunakwenzeka ukusindisa isihlahla kusukela kamuva. Amagciwane ahlala ezimpandeni. Kuyadingeka ukumba futhi ushise isitshalo sonke, futhi ukwelapha inhlabathi kaningana ngamanzi abilayo nesibulala-zinambuzane.
Ukunakekela Umzimba
Noma endaweni yokufaka izimbali encane efasiteleni, ungakhula isihlahla se-clove esiqhakazayo. Izinhlobo zamaShayina, zaseTurkey noma ezi-hybrid zilungele lokhu. Zonke zinezinhlobonhlobo ezimfushane ngezimbali ezinhle kakhulu.
Ngokutshala, sebenzisa imbiza encane enezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Ungqimba olunobumba obunwetshiwe wobumba noma wezitini uthelwa phansi. Njengoba inhlabathi isebenzisa ingxube ye-peat, isihlabathi somfula, iqabunga nomhlaba wesod. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini kufakwe amanzi abilayo. Akunakusho ukuthi ungajulisa intamo yezimpande.
Imbiza ye-clove ifakwa kukhanyiswe kahle, kepha ivikelwe elangeni lemini. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, udinga ukufaka egumbini isikhala esiningi noma ukubeka imbali emoyeni omusha. Ukushisa okunamandla kuyinto engathandeki kulesi sitshalo, kuzoba kuhle kakhulu ku- + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Ebusika, ama-clove adluliselwa egumbini elinokushisa kwe- + 5 ... + 6 ° C.
Amakhehla aniselwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngosuku ngamanzi ahlanzwa kahle, athambile. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuthambisa kwenziwa kaningi.
Kabili ngenyanga, isisombululo sokumbiwa kwamaminerali aphezulu nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kosawoti we-potassium sisetshenziswa emhlabathini. Ekwindla, umanyolo uyama.
