IViolet (senpolia) isitshalo esidalwa njalo e-Afrika, isiqu saso siphansi, amaqabunga aqoqwa rosette, izimbali ezinobumba obuhlukahlukene, osayizi, imibala: luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-violet, imhlophe qhwa, ipinki, iwayini, i-lilac. Izitshalo zinomsindo omkhulu, ukujabulisa ukubukeka kwazo okuhle kwezimbali, udinga ukubanakekela ngemithetho.
Izidingo zama-warts eziqhakazayo
Uma kungekho isondlo esifanele, i-senpolia ayiqhakaza, ivezwa izifo zefungus, futhi ingafa. Kuyadingeka kakhulu ekuniseleni, okuhlukile kunendlela ezinye izimbali zasendlini eziniselwa ngayo, ukukhanyisa, iziqukathi, inhlabathi kanye lokushisa. Kuyadingeka ukondla izimbali njalo, ukusika, ukufakelwa kuphela ezweni elisha.
Isakhi sofuzo
Lapho ukhetha i-senpolia yegumbi cinga okuhlukahlukene. Abafuyi bazala izinhlobo eziningi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona amakhulu ngezimbali ezincane, eziphakathi nendawo noma ezinkulu. Kukhona ama-violets, lapho kunamaphilisi angama-5, amanye anokuningi futhi akukho okubukwayo okubonakalayo. Futhi, ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqiza kuphela ama-3 efihlekile futhi ngeke ziqhakaze kakhulu. Ungalinda ama-violets ukuba aqhakaze izinyanga ezimbalwa noma iminyaka engu-1.5. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, isikhathi sezimbali nazo zihlukile.
Ukukhetha umthamo ofanele
Kwi-senpolia encane, ibhodwe elingamasentimitha angama-cm ubukhulu kufanelekile, kumuntu omdala wezimbali eziyi-10-12 cm. Ngokuvamile, udinga ukubheka okukhishwayo futhi uthathe isitsha esinobubanzi besigamu leso. Ukuphakama akufanele kube ngaphezu kwama-10 cm.
Ngaphansi kwethangi kufanele kube nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Kungcono ukuthatha i-ceramics, ungapulasitiki.
Inhlabathi elungile
ISenpolia idinga inhlabathi ene-acidic kancane. Zuza umhlaba okhethekile esitolo sezimbali. Akunzima ukwenza inhlabathi ngokufanele, ingumhlaba wamashidi, ubhekeni, amalahle, ama-moss (1: 2: 1/2: 1/2). Noma hlunga inhlabathi engadini ngokuhlanganisa nesihlabathi nokubala kuhhavini. Ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amatshe amancane abekwa phansi. Ukufakelwa kuyadingeka kanye ngonyaka, endaweni engaphansi entsha.
Indawo
ISenpolia itholakala ohlangothini olusentshonalanga noma olusempumalanga. Ebusika, akunakukhanya okwenele efasiteleni elisuka enyakatho, ehlobo kusuka eningizimu kukhona ilanga eliningi kakhulu, i-violet iboshiwe noma ihlelwe kabusha. Ukuze ugweme i-hypothermia yezimpande ebusika, imbali ibekwa ebhodweni eshalofini, etafuleni, embizeni yezimbali noma esitobhini sokhuni.
Isibani
Ama-Violets akhetha amahora wemini okungenani amahora ayi-10, ukukhanya okusakazekile kuyadingeka, umthunzi wezimbali ovela elangeni eliqondile. Kulokhu, izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amnyama namnyama zidinga ukukhanya okugqamile kunokunama-curly. Uma imbali iyeluka, amahlamvu ama-curls, iba phuzi - kunokukhanya okuncane, uma maphakathi nendawo lapho kukhiqizwa khona kugcwele - kuningi. Lapho amapuleti eqabunga ekhanya, egcwele ngombala futhi isitshalo sinezimbali eziningi - ukukhanyisa kuyinto ejwayelekile.
Ebusika, ama-phytolamp asetshenziswa, avame ukufakwa ngoNovemba, bese ehlanza ngoFebhuwari. Ungakhohlwa ukuvula imbiza ukuze isihlahla sikhule ngokuvumelanayo.
Imodi yokushisa
Isitshalo sithanda ukushisa. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, izimbali zidinga + 20 ... +22 ° C. Ebusika, akukho ngaphansi kwe- + 18 ... +20 ° ะก. Ehlobo, lapho u-+30 ° C, imbali iyaphela. Ngakho-ke, igumbi linomoya omncane, basebenzisa i-air conditioning, uhlelo lokuhlukanisa. Igumbi alivumeli okubhaliwe.
Umswakama womoya
Ama-Violets adala umswakama ophezulu, 50-60%. Ebusika, kungcono ukususa ibhodwe kufasitela, uma uhlelo lokushisa liseduze. Umoya ozungeze imbali uyafafazwa ngaphandle kokuthola ama-inflorescence. Babeka isitsha esinezimbali ezimbotsheni enobumba olumanzi olwandisiwe, amatshe ayigugu. Ngomswakama ophansi, amahlumela athuthuka kancane.
Amaqabunga e-Saintpaulia akufanele afafazwe ukugwema ubungozi bokutheleleka kokukhunta.
Izindlela Zokunisela
Kunezimfihlo zokunisela i-senpolia. Amanzi athathwa afudumele kancane, axazululwe. Iniselwa njengoba inhlabathi iyoma, ukuze uketshezi ungawi emapulethini amaqabunga, iphuzu lokukhula.
Ngesikhwama
Amanzi axazululiwe at lokushisa lasekamelweni athululelwa epanini lapho ¼ ukuphakama kwembiza. Uhafu wehora uvame ngokwanele ukuba isitshalo sigcwele umswakama, lokhu kuzocaca emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwalokho izinsalela ziyakhishwa.
Ukudonsa
Ngoba isebenzisa ikani lokunisela ngekhala elincane, i-pearl-douche. Uma kungekho lutho, kufanelekile ibhodlela lepulasitiki, lapho benza khona umgodi eselivini bese befaka ishubhu. Lapho amanzi eqala ukuphuma emanzini, ukuthambisa kuyamiswa bese kukhishwa. Uma kwenzeka kuba nomswakama emaqabungeni, ziba manzi ngendwangu eyomile.
Ukucwilisa
Lapho kushisa kakhulu, gxilisa imbali emgqonyeni wamanzi axazululwe ihora. Bese iyayiqeda bese ibeka endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni.
Wick
Ehlobo, lapho udinga ukuhamba futhi akekho onakekela izimbali, le ndlela ifanelekile.
Kubekwa intambo encanyana ebhodweni (intambo yasendlini, intambo ye-acrylic, isicathululo), enye umkhawulo wayo iphuma ngemgodi wokudonsa, owesibili ugoqwe ngendandatho phakathi kwenhlabathi. Beka imbiza ngaphezulu kwezitsha ngamanzi, embozwe ngesembozo, yehlise i-wick, ngenkathi inhlabathi ithola inani elifanele loketshezi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokutshala enhlabathini yesitolo, izimbali ziyondliwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thenga umanyolo onzima. Zithambise ngamanzi ngokuhambisana nemiyalo, kodwa ngenani elikhulu kunalokho okukhonjisiwe, futhi unisele ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ukuze uketshezi lungangeni kuwo, noma ugqoko. Kulokhu, inhlabathi iqala ukuthambisa.
Izimbali ezisencane zidinga umanyolo weNitrogen, wokuqhakaza - i-potash ne-phosphorus. Yondla kabili ngenyanga ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, kube kanye lapho kuphumuliswa.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta, izifo kanye nezinambuzane kuvame ukuthinta izimbali.
Izifo / inkathazo | Ukuboniswa / izizathu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Ukuhlanganiswa okumpunga, okufudumele kuvela emaqabungeni nakuma-petioles. Umehluko wokushisa, ukuthambisa okuningi nokuvama ngamanzi abandayo. | Baphathwa nge-fungicides (Fitosporin, Agate, Tiram). |
| I-Fusarium | Izimpande ziyabola, lo mbala ungaqhakaza, amaqabunga aphenduke ampunga bese ewa. Ukunisela okuningi ngamanzi abandayo. | Faka isicelo Benomil, Fundazole. |
| Ukugqwala | Amabala aphuzi ngaphandle kwamaqabunga. Ukushoda kwelanga ebusika. | Izingxenye ezithelelekile ziyasuswa bese kuthi iBactofit, iTopazi ziyasetshenziswa. |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Ubumba olumhlophe kwesitshalo. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya, okushisa aphansi egumbini, uthuli. | Icutshungulwe nguBenlat. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Amachashazi abomvu. Umoya omile. | Sebenzisa u-Apollo, uNeoron. Esigabeni sokuqala, amakhambi abantu: i-decoction ye-anyanisi amakhasi, i-vodka. |
| I-cyclamen uphawu | Kukhona amabala aphuzi, ayindilinga emaqabungeni. Umswakama ophezulu. | |
| Ama-aphid | Izinambuzane eziluhlaza, baphuza ujusi ovela esithelweni. Ukuthatha isitshalo ngaphandle noma inhlabathi engcolisiwe. | Faka isicelo seMospilan, Intavir. |
| Izinhliziyo | I-violet inezindawo ezibomvu, ezincane. Umoya omile. | Futha ngesixazululo sensipho, i-Fitoverm. |
| Isihlangu | Amacembe angezansi abomvu ansundu, aphuzi aphezulu. Itheleleke ngesitshalo esisha. | Ama-violets amancane kwesinye isikhathi kufanele abhujiswe, ama-insecticides (Karbofos, Aktar) asiza abantu abadala. |
| Ama-Thrips | Umbala onsundu okhanyayo kulesi simila. Ukuguga, enye imbali. | Icutshungulwe yiFitoverm. |
Isikhathi sokuphumula
I-senpolia ayinaso isikhathi sokuphumula. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyaqhakaza unyaka wonke. Kepha abanye badinga ukuphumula ebusika, ngoba, ekwindla sekwephuzile, bayayeka ukondla, basuse umoba wezimbali futhi banciphise nokunisela.
UMnu Dachnik utusa: izeluleko zokuthola imbangela yokungabikho kwama-violets aqhakaza
Ukuze izitshalo eziqhakaza zisuka entwasahlobo ziye ekwindla, okulandelayo kuyanconywa ezimweni ezihlukene:
- Ama-Budget awakhiwa, kepha kunezinqubo eziningi - umthamo mkhulu kakhulu ngama-violets.
- Ngokubukeka, imbali inempilo, kepha ngenxa yolwazi olumhlophe - inhlabathi incishisiwe, isitshalo sidinga ukufakelwa emhlabeni omusha, okhanyayo.
- Ama-Peduncle akha kancane, amaqabunga ayagoba - ukuthambisa okuninginingi noma inhlabathi enama-acid
- Kuvela amabala kukhanya - kubanda kakhulu noma kunamanzi ashisayo noma yilanga. Ukuze singashisi lesi sitshalo, siniselwa ehlobo ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.
- Ngokuntuleka noma ngokweqile komanyolo, i-senpolia ngeke iqhume. Isitshalo sidinga i-phosphorus ne-potassium; i-nitrogen eningi ayifiseleki.
- Uma imbali ingeyabantu abadala, engaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, ityalwe.
- Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo.
- Amaqabunga ahlanzwa ngendwangu ethambile, encibilikisiwe, kepha enganyisiwe ngamanzi.
- Inhlabathi akufanele yomile noma imanzi kakhulu.
- Ungavumeli ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa.
Uma ulandela zonke izincomo, umlimi ongenalwazi uzokwazi ukufeza ukubukeka okuqhakaza kwama-violets.
