Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezifuyelwe ukulinywa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neRussia, utamatisi we-Snowdrop ungenye yezindlela eziguquguqukayo nezithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Igama uqobo libonisa izici zalo eziphambili - ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphezulu, ukungathobeki. Ukukhula utamatisi i-Snowdrop kukuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esikhulu ezindaweni lapho, ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinzima, lesi sitshalo asikalinywa muva nje.
Izinhlobonhlobo zahlukaniselwa izifunda zasenyakatho ngabazalanisi besifunda saseSiberia ngonyaka ka 2000, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo zase zibhalwe kwiRegista Yombuso. Umkhiqizi wembewu inkampani yezolimo "Biotechnika". Kunconyelwe ukulinyelwa eSiberia (ama-greenhouse afudumele), e-Urals (ezindaweni ezishisayo), emgqeni ophakathi nendawo (endaweni evulekile). Ayibekezeleli futhi iyamelana nesithwathwa nesomiso, lokhu kuhlukahluka, okubekelwe izimo zezulu ezibandayo, akulungele izifunda zaseningizimu - izimo ezishisayo ziyingozi kuyo.
Izithelo ezinhlobonhlobo nekhwalithi yazo
Le nhlobonhlobo isivuthiwe, utamatisi uvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-80-90 ngemuva kokuhluma kwamahlumela, okubaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nehlobo elifushane. Izithelo ze-Snowdrop ziyindilinga, zinepuphu elinamanzi, elinamafutha, ikhasi eliqinile, elingaqhekeki, elibomvu.
Emabhulashini kukhona izingcezu ezi-5, ezinesisindo esingu-90-150 g - ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu kumagatsha okuqala aphansi, ibhulashi eliphakeme, elincane nosayizi wamatamatisi. Inambitha okuhle, ushukela. Kufanele ukudla okusha futhi okusemathinini. Isikhathi eside ungagcina isivuno.
Izinzuzo kanye nobubi of utamatisi izinhlobonhlobo Snowdrop
Abalimi abatshala utamatisi we-Snowdrop baphawula izinzuzo eziningi zalolu hlobo:
- Eyokuqala ukungathobeki, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthola izitshalo ezinzile ngezindleko eziphansi zokunakekela izitshalo.
- Amandla okubekezelela isithwathwa, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona ukubuya okupholile, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, i-Snowdrop ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
- Ukubekezelela okuhle kwesomiso, ukuvumela isikhathi esincane esichithwa ekunisela. Kulokhu okuhlukahlukene, ngisho nomswakama owedlulele uyingozi, okungaholela ekuboshweni kwezimpande, kumonakalo wokulimaza sekwephuzile.
- Ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo, buyamelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
- Akudingi ukuphina. Kepha udinga ukwakheka kwezihlahla zokuhlanza, i-garter. Imvamisa kukhula amagatsha ama-3, angakhuli kakhulu futhi awashiye wonke ukuze athole isivuno esithe xaxa.
- Zikhula kahle ngisho nasemhlabathini owonakele. Lesi sici sehlukanisa i-Snowdrop kwezinye izinhlobo. Ngoba utamatisi iningi lifunwa kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi.
- Ingatshalwa kunoma yiziphi izimo - umhlabathi ovulekile, abamba ukushisa, abamba ukushisa.
- Isivuno esikhulu - izithelo ezingama-45 esihlahleni, ama-6 kg futhi nangaphezulu kusuka kumitha eyodwa yesikwele.
- Ukunambitheka okumnandi okumnandi kakhulu, uginindela onamanzi. Uhlelo lokusebenza le-Universal. Ilungele amasaladi amasha kanye nezicucu, kanye nokukha amanzi nokulondolozwa.
- Izici zokwenziwa okuphezulu - izithelo ezinhle, impilo ende yamashalofu, zigcinwa kahle ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Ifakwe esigabeni sokuvuthwa kobisi, igcinwe cishe izinyanga ezi-2. Futhi uma zisuswa ziluhlaza, khona-ke ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile zingagcinwa ngisho izinyanga ezi-6, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuvuthwa, khetha inani elifanele nendawo endaweni yezinsuku eziningana endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo.
Kukhona izingqinamba ezimbalwa kakhulu:
- enkulu kunazo zonke - ukuthambekela okwandayo kokugqoka okuphezulu, akubekezeleli bobabili ukuntuleka kukamanyolo nokuningi kakhulu;
- Kudingeka ukwakheka kwesihlahla nomdwayizi.
Izici zokutshala, zokutshala nokunakekela
Izinsuku zokutshala nendlela yokutshala kuncike esifundeni, ziyalungiswa ngokuhambisana nezimo zasendaweni.
Uma ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho ukutshala kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ukushisa, khona-ke ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zaseRussia zingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Le nhlobonhlobo ikhule ezitshalweni nokuzitshala emibhedeni.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Esimweni sezulu esiphakathi nendawo, imbewu yotamatisi enekhephu itshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa engashisi. Isikhathi sokufakwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli noma sikhethwa ngokuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo.
Umhlaba awukhuthazwanga ukuvundiswa ngokweqile ngezinto ezi-organic, ngoba lapho-ke izitshalo zizokhula, izithelo ezimbalwa ziboshwe. Izithombo zikhule ngendlela ejwayelekile yawo wonke utamatisi. Emhlabathini ovulekile otshalwe ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ukutshala imbewu
Uma utshala imbewu ngokushesha endaweni lapho utamatisi uzokhula khona, ungathola izihlahla eziqinile eziqinile nokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Izinzuzo zokutshala utamatisi ama-Snowdrops ngendlela okungeyona eyokuhlwanyelwa:
- izitshalo ziqina kangcono;
- izihlahla musa ukuphuma - ngenxa yalokho izithelo iboshwe kangcono;
- utamatisi onjalo uvumelana nezimo zensimu;
- izimpande zingcwatshwe ngaphezulu emhlabathini, ukuze izingxenye ezingaphezulu komhlaba zikhule kangcono.
Incazelo yokulandelana komsebenzi:
- lungiselela umbhede, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukwenza ububanzi be-1m;
- faka imisele emibili emide, ukujula kwayo kufanele kube ngu-20 cm;
- phansi kwemisele kuvundisiwe futhi kuniselwe ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ye-disinfection;
- amboze ngefilimu isonto lonke ukufudumeza inhlabathi;
- uma kufudumala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, khona-ke imbewu ayinakunyakaziswa, ngokushisa sekwephuzile kumele kuqala ukuhlume;
- imbewu ihlanganiswa nesihlabathi futhi ihlwanyelwe emiseleni, ifafazwe kancane ngomhlaba futhi imbozwe ifilimu;
- izithombo zokuqala zivele ngesonto lapho sezikhulile, izitshalo zinciphile, zishiya eziqine kakhulu, ibanga eliphakathi kwazo kufanele libe cm 30-50;
- ngokukhula kwezihlahla, ifilimu iphakanyiswa phezulu, isuswe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kufakwe umoya omncane nokuqina kwezitshalo, ekuqaleni kukaJuni iyasuswa;
- utamatisi onjalo ekuqaleni ukhula kancane, kepha bese uthola izithombo ezitshaliwe.
Izinkinga abahlangabezana nazo ngesikhathi sokutshala izinhlobonhlobo ze-Snowdrop nokuqedwa kwazo
Lapho sikhula ngisho nezinhlobonhlobo ezingathembeki kangako, ezinye izinkinga zingavela ngobuchwepheshe bezolimo obungafanele. Izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zisiza ukubuyisela ukukhula okujwayelekile kanye nokwenza izithelo kumatamatisi.
| Inkinga | Isizathu | Indlela yokuphelisa |
| Ukuwa kweqabunga | Kushiya amaqabunga bese kuphenduka ophuzi emaphethelweni, kulandelwe ukuwa komswakama ophezulu nokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga. | Kulokhu, ukuchelela kumiswa ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlaba loma, bese luthambisa ngokulinganayo njengoba kunesidingo. Ukwenza ngcono ukukhanyisa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kukhanyiswa izibani zemini, bese kuthi emibhedeni evulekile basule isikhala ezitshalweni ezingeqile ezibazungezile. |
| ukundiza izimbali | Le nkinga ivela ekucindezelekeni ezitshalweni ngesikhathi sokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa. | Ukuvimbela ukuwa kwe-inflorescence, inhlabathi ifakwe emanzini - ebusuku, uhlelo lwezimpande luvikelekile ku-hypothermia, futhi phakathi nosuku ukuphuma komswakama. |
| Izithelo ziyawa | Kubonakala ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kobisi lwamatamatisi ngenxa yomonakalo ohlangothini lwe-fetus ngokubola kwesiqu. | Ukujikeleza kwenzeka ngenxa yokunisela ngokweqile - ukuncishiswa kwayo kuxazulula inkinga. |
| Ukuqhekeza utamatisi | Zivela esiqwini futhi zingasakazeka kuso sonke isikhumba. Isizathu ukuthambisa okuningana ngesikhathi sesomiso. | Ukugwema le nkinga, nisela izitshalo kancane, kepha kaningi, ukuvimba inhlabathi ukuthi ingoma. |
UMnu Dachnik wazisa: ukuhlaziya okuqhathaniswayo kwe-utamatisi we-Snowdrop kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezingalwisanga isithwathwa
| Ibanga | Isisindo sezithelo (g) | Ukukhiqiza (kg / nge-sq.m) | Izifunda kanye nezimo ezikhulayo |
| Isithwathwa | 90-150 | 6-10 | Konke ngaphandle kwalena eseningizimu (isimo sezulu esishisayo asikubekezeleli, kodwa sivumelaniswa ngokuphelele nezimo zasenyakatho ezinzima). Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, hotbeds, emhlabathini ovulekile. |
| I-cherry ebusika | 30 | 9-10 | ENyakatho, eMaphakathi, eNyakatho neCaucasian. Ibekezelela izimo ezingezinhle, yadalelwa izifunda zasenyakatho neziphakathi kwezulu. Emagumbini okugcina izithombo, emhlabathini ovulekile (ngisho nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho). |
| Isithwathwa esineqhwa | 25-30 | 3 | Zonke izifunda. Igcina isivuno esihle ngisho nasekukhanyeni okuphansi noma okubandayo. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izimo zangaphakathi. |
| I-Leningrad chill | 60-90 | 3 | Zonke izifunda. Izinhlobo ezibandayo ezingamelana nokubanda, ezihlwanyelwe ukutshala esifundeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga, iKarelia endaweni evulekile ngaphansi kwezimo zasehlobo ezimfushane. |
| Enyakatho ekude | 60-80 | 2 | Zonke izifunda. Emibhedeni evulekile. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, labo abanesikhathi esincane sokunakekela izitshalo bakhetha ukuzikhulisa, ngoba lokhu kuhlukahluka kakhulu, ukunakekelwa okuncane kuyadingeka. Kulesi sizinda esisenyakatho, izithelo zinesikhathi sokuvuthwa ehlobo nje elifushane. |
| Kwaphuma umoya | 140-160 | 6-7 | Zonke izifunda. Emibhedeni evulekile, ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zamafilimu. Zilungele izindawo ezinezimo sezulu eziguqukayo. Ukumelana nokupholisa kwesikhashana, umswakama ophezulu nezinye izimo ezingezinhle. |
Izici zezici zezinhlobonhlobo ze-utamatisi we-Snowdrop kanye nokubuyekezwa kwabagadli kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zitshalo zinezinzuzo ezanele ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zokulwa nesithwathwa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezithile zaphakathi nesizini ezihloselwe indawo ephakathi nezifunda zaseningizimu, ziveza isivuno esingaphansi. Kepha phakathi kwalezo ezifuyelwe izifunda zasenyakatho zihlukaniswa ngokusebenzisa izithelo eziningi, amandla okukhula ngisho nasenhlabathini enqabile, ukumelana nezimo ezingezinhle, ukuzithoba lapho ushiya.
