I-Indoor violets (senpolia) - izimbali ezikhule cishe kuwo wonke amawindi. Banabalandeli abaningi asebeqoqele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene iminyaka eminingana. Kodwa ngisho nezazi zezimbali ezinolwazi zinazo izifo kuma-violets asekhaya. Kufanele siphathe izilwane ezifuywayo.
Izifo Ezivamile Zobudlova
Ukunakekelwa okungafanele kwe-senpolia kuholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene ezihambisana nokubonakala kwezimbali. Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, umswakama ophakeme, ukubekwa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwezinhlamvu zesikhunta ezahlukahlukene. Izifo ziyatheleleka futhi zingatheleleki.
Ukubola kwezimpande
Ngokuphuza ngokweqile, i-uzambar violet ilahlekelwa ukubukeka kwayo okuhle, amaqabunga ayafisa futhi abe mnyama. Uhlelo lwezimpande luyafa. Izimpande zishintsha umbala ube nsundu bese uthambile. Lesi sitshalo sivezwa isikhunta ezisindayo.
Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ziyadingeka ukwelapha i-violet. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukugeza izimpande kusuka enhlabathini edlule, ususe ezonakele. Gxila izingxenye ezinempilo ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwesinye isixazululo seFitosporin. Ngokutshala okusha, kungcono ukusebenzisa omunye umhlabathi kanye nembiza. Endabeni yokusebenza kwengadi endala yezimbali, kumele icutshungulwe ngokucophelela: igezwe futhi isasaswa, ibaliwe noma ifakwe kuhhavini, iphathwe nekhambi le-sulfate yethusi. Kwisitshalo esinezifo, amaqabunga aphezulu anempilo angakhethwa futhi anezimpande, ngaphambilini aphathwe ngama-fungicides ukuvikela lesi sifo.
Isiqu sokubola
ISenpolia ingahlushwa ukuzalaniswa okungalungile. Kulokhu, iziqu nazo zingabola. Izimbangela zesifo yilezi:
- ithuluzi elingageziwe nelingagunyaziwe;
- amanxeba ajulile angavunyelwe ukuphulukisa;
- izingxenye ezingacutshungulwa ngezindlela zokulwa nezifo zokukhunta ngesikhathi sokuzala;
- ukuchelela ngokweqile kokutshala abasha, ngemuva kwalokho izimpande ezincane azizange zimunce umswakama;
- isitshalo esincane esingavuthiwe sahlaselwa izinambuzane.
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe amagciwane abekekayo ezimbalini ezibuthakathaka kuyaqhubeka kahle. Ama-senpolis anjalo awasindiswa kakhulu.
Kubolile uBrown
Isisekelo esinsundu sama-rosette asemancane, ukusika okugxilelwe nokutshala izingane, ezigcina ziba mncane futhi sithambise iziqu, kukhombisa ukutheleleka kwe-senpolia ngezinhlamvu ezibangela ukubola okungunda. Emhlabathini ngaphansi kwamaqabunga kukhona iminonjana ye-mycelium.
Lesi sifo singaya kwezinye izitshalo, ngakho-ke izinyathelo eziphuthumayo kufanele zithathwe:
- phatha amaqabunga, isiqu kanye nezingane ngama-fungicides antifungal (Skor, Fundazol);
- faka isisekelo esisetshenzisiwe;
- phatha inhlabathi ngeFitosporin, PhytoDoctor noma Trichodermin;
- sebenzisa inhlabathi evulekile yokutshala, ukuvunyelwa kwamanzi okuhle;
- Faka izitshalo ezithambisa njalo kodwa ezincane.
IGrey Rot (Botritis)
Lesi sifo sihambisana nokuvela kokuhlanganiswa kokupunga okumpunga ebusweni bamaqabunga, iziqu zithambe futhi buthaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ziba mhlophe futhi zibole. Lesi sifo sihluma kusuka ezinhlamvini ezisenhlabathini yokutshala, futhi lapho sisebenzisa umhlabathi wakudala ongacoliswanga ndawo, lapho izinsalela zezitshalo ezinesifo esidlule zingakhona.
Ukuze ulondoloze i-senpolia, ngokushesha susa izingxenye zezitshalo.
Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo:
- ukubulala amagciwane inhlabathi ngokubala, umnkantsha, ukwelashwa kwesikhunta;
- ukwelashwa kwe-Saintpaulia nge-fungicides ukuvimbela ukwanda kwesifo.
Ukuvimbela:
- fafaza ngenkathi efudumele;
- gcina umswakama ofanele womoya, umoya ojwayelekile;
- khipha umehluko wokushisa;
- lawula ukuchelela kwezitshalo, ukuqeda ukuzimela, ungatholi amanzi lapho unisela amaqabunga;
- Musa ukubeka izimbiza zezimbali eduze komunye nomunye;
- qeda ukwakheka komusi odongeni lwezitsha ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ukugqwala okuneqabunga
Kuqhakaza isimo esibonakalayo ngesimo samabhele aphuzi noma ansundu kanye namabhulethi angaphansi kwamaqabunga e-Uzambara violet, kuyaqabukela kuma-petioles, kukhanya amabala aphuzi ohlangothini olungaphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkumbi zesikhunta ezisatshalaliswa emoyeni zivuthwa ezansi kweqabunga.
Ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama, izinhlamvu azimile. Ukuqeda isifo sama-warts ngensimbi, kuyadingeka ukulungisa izinkomba zemvelo.
I-Powdery hlobo
Ama-Uzambara violets atheleka kwi-Powdery isikhutha, okuyizinhlobo ezimbili: zamanga nezangempela. Ukucacisa lesi sifo, kufanele unake uhlobo lwamabala. I-Downy mildew ihambisana namabala ansundu. Isibonakaliso salokhu yimithunzi emhlophe yelion esiqwini kanye namaqabunga e-senpolia. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa imali enomhlabathi edlule ngaphandle kokulashwa noma ngezitshalo ezisanda kutholwa.
Kuma-violets agulayo, kunconywa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- lungisa umswakama wemvelo;
- khuphula izinga lokushisa egumbini;
- ukuletha ukukhanyiswa kokujwayelekile ngokudala ukukhanya okwengeziwe;
- susa njalo uthuli kumaqabunga nasemabhodweni;
- faka umanyolo owengeziwe ngamanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, ngoba ukuvela ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen nakho kungaholela kumonakalo ezitshalweni.
Ukulimala okufika lapho
Ukudonswa kwezimbali, kuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwezimpande, kubangelwa ukuqothuka sekwephuzile. Amaqabunga aqala ukuncipha. Lesi sifo sinomthelela emazingeni okushisa apholile nomswakama ophakeme ngokukhanya okuphansi. Ukuze ulwe nalesi sifo, i-violet kumele yakhe izimo ezifanele:
- susa izingxenye ezilimele zesitshalo nezimpande;
- otshalwe kumhlabathi omusha onegciwane ngokufakwa kwe-perlite, esiza ukusiza ukugcina umswakama womhlabathi;
- phatha i-violet nenhlabathi nge-Fitosporin noma amalungiselelo afanayo;
- impande engemuva kwamaqabunga aphezulu ukuze ikhule imbali entsha;
- gcina izinga lokushisa elifanele kanye nomswakama wesitshalo esandisiwe ukutsha, khulisa ukukhanya.
I-Fusarium
Ama-brown, amaqabunga awayo we-violets akhombisa ukwehlulwa kwesinye isifo sikhunta. Njengomthetho, izinhlamvu zingena kulesi sitshalo ezivela enhlabathini ngezimpande. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinobuthi zisakazekela kuzo zonke izingxenye: isiqu, amaqabunga, izimbali. Ziphenduka nsundu bese zibola. Kubangelwa ukushisa okubandayo kokuqukethwe ngamakhala amaningi. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okuqinile nokufika komhlaba osindayo kunomthelela kulesi sifo.
Ukwelashwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- susa zonke izingxenye ezonakalisiwe;
- phatha izingxenye ezisele zesitshalo nenhlabathi ngeFitosporin noma iFundazole;
- otshalwe emhlabathini oyigciwane;
- ukunciphisa izitshalo zokunisela;
- khuphula izinga lokushisa egumbini;
- khipha umoya njalo.
I-bacterial bacteriosis
Izitshalo ezithintekile zinamaqabunga abuthakathaka, angenamandla. Lesi sifo siqala ngenhlabathi ethintekile. Ama-Mushroom spores ahlala ezimpandeni. Njengoba ikhula, ikhipha izinto ezinobuthi ezingena kwezicubu zesitshalo futhi ziyonakalise ngokuphelele. Kubonakala ezimweni eziphakeme zokushisa.
Uma kushisa i-windowsill, lesi sifo siyanda ngokushesha. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukusindisa lesi sitshalo.
Lesi sifo asidluliseli kuma-violets angomakhelwane, angasindiswa ngokudala izimo ezijwayelekile zokuboshwa. Esinye isimo sokwanda kwe-bacteriosis ukukhula komswakama wenhlabathi ngaphansi kwezimo ezipholile zemvelo ebusika.
Izindlela zokuvimbela:
- lungisa amazinga okushisa nawomswakama wokuqukethwe kombala;
- khuphula umoya omncane ngaphandle kokuxhumana ngqo nezimbali;
- gciwane-gciwane umhlabathi futhi ungabi nezinsalela zezitshalo zangaphambili;
- sebenzisa umhlaba ngokuhamba kahle kokutshala, ngaphezu kwalokho ukhulula i-vermiculite;
- khipha ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesikhathi sokutakula;
- Ngaphezu kwalokho phatha izitshalo ngezidakamizwa ezikhulisa ukungatheleleki komzimba.
Indawo yeqabunga noma igciwane lethusi
Lapho sidalulwa ama-uzambar violets elangeni eliqondile, lesi sitshalo sihlupheka ngamaqabunga angama-bronzed. Esinye isimo sokwenzeka kwalesi sifo ingress yamaconsi amanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela. Lesi sifo sisakazeka nge-poplar fluff ngokusebenzisa ama-thrips. Isitshalo esinezifo siyayeka ukukhula. Amaqabunga ambozwe ngengubo ehlukanisa amabala abomvu noma ansundu. Igciwane alikwazi ukwelapheka.
Izindlela zokulawula:
- buyisela inhlabathi lapho okuqukethwe ama-fungal spores kungenzeka khona;
- ukukhipha ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo ngokuhlela kabusha izimbali endaweni efudumele ngokukhanya okungasebenzi;
- ukunciphisa ukuthambisa okunganani;
- ngesikhathi sokunisela, qaphela indlela eya ekujuleni kwamanzi.
Izinambuzane ze-Violet
Ngaphezu kwezifo, ama-violets ahlushwa izinambuzane eziningi.
AmaMebubugs
Ama-mealybugs ayizinambuzane eziyindilinga ngombala omhlophe noma we-waxy, ophindaphindeka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Bondla ujusi wezitshalo, buthaka ngokuphelele izimbali.
Izimpawu zomonakalo ukubonakala kwephunga le-amakhowe kusuka emhlabathini, ushintsho ngombala oluhlaza ophuzi lube ophuzi noma mpunga, ukuncipha kokuqina kwamaqabunga, ukubuyiselwa emuva kokukhula kanye nokuvela kokubola kwezimpande namaqabunga.
Izindlela zokulawula: ukwelashwa ngezimbali ngama-insecticides.
Imikhaza
Ama-Violets athinta imikhaza yezinhlobo ezimbili: i-cyclamen kanye ne-spider web. Umonakalo wangaphambili unamaqabunga amancane neziqu, ushiye amamaki aphuzi. Lezi zamuva zenza ama-punctures abomvu emaqabungeni, lapho kwakhiwa khona i-cobweb. Imikhaza ingabathwali bezifo eziningi, ngakho-ke, izinyathelo kumele zithathwe ukuze ziqedwe. Ama-insecticides asetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane.
Ama-aphid
Isinambuzane esincane esibonakalayo sombala ohlaza okotshani siletha inkathazo eningi ku-senpolia. Ithinta zonke izingxenye ezinoshukela, umunca oswelayo kusuka emaqabunga, ukhipha izingadi, amahlumela. Izinto ezinobuthi zithwalwa ngamajusi kuso sonke lesi sitshalo, zehlisa intuthuko futhi ziyonakalise.
Ukuze ulwe ne-aphid, izimbali ziphathwa esitsheni, zihlanzwa ngamanzi anensipho, futhi ezimweni ezinzima zifafazwa ngama-insecticides.
AmaNematode
Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwama-warts ngama-nematode zingamabala aluhlaza amnyama, kancane kancane zimnyama bese zibola. Iphuzu lokukhula liyoma, lapho amakhula angonakalisiwe akhula khona. Isimo sezimbali siba buthaka, siqhume, kungabikho okuhamba ngezinyawo ezinezimbali, iziqu zigoqiwe, ekugcineni lesi sitshalo siyafa. Ukunquma inkathazo kungenzeka kuphela emhlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa i-violet ebhodweni bese uhlola isimo sezimpande.
I-nematode yisinambuzane esincane okunzima kakhulu ukusifuya.
Izindlela zokulawula:
- ukushintshwa kwenhlabathi ngokuphelele ngenhlabathi ene-disinfected;
- Ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane kwama-violets uma ukutheleleka kusanda kuqala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo siyabhujiswa.
Izifo ze-Putrid zithinta ne-violets yasengadini (amapani). I-Powdery isikhutha, ukugqwala kanye negciwane, ayiguli kaningi. Kwezinambuzane, ngaphezu kwalezo ezifakwe ohlwini, lihlaselwa yi-slugs.
Umhlali wasehlobo: izeluleko eziwusizo zokuvimbela izifo kwi-senpolia
Ukuze i-senpolis ikhule kahle futhi iqhume, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezifanele zokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa:
- Ngezikhathi ezithile phatha izitshalo ngaphansi kwamanzi agelezayo emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku- +40 ° C kusuka kuphondo lokugeza. Ngalesi sikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi umswakama owedlulele awungeni enhlabathini. Ukuvimbela okunjalo kunengqondo ngezikhathi ezithile zezinyanga ezingama-2-3. Eduze kwesiqu sesitshalo nembiza yezimbali, i-polyethylene iboshwe ukuze ungagezi inhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbali ithululelwa kusuka eshishini bese ishiyelwa egumbini lokugezela kuze kube yilapho amahlamvu esewomile ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungavela amabala amhlophe noma ansundu. UBrown - obangelwe ukushiswa yilanga, omhlophe - nge-hypothermia.
- Ukulwa nezifo kanye nezinambuzane sebenzisa isixazululo sama-clove egalikhi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-clove ama-3 ayahlanganiswa bese efakwa 1 litre lamanzi. Vala okuqukethwe yisembozo bese ufakwe amahora angama-24 ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ukumiliselwa okuhogelwayo kuxutshwe namalitha ama-5 amanzi futhi kulinywe ngenhlabathi namahlamvu amapuleti eSaintpoly. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, izimbali zisuswa ezinsaleleni zamanzi.
- Ezimweni ezinzima, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izindlela zamakhemikhali ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane zama-violets. Umuthi ojwayelekile kakhulu wokulwa nezifo zokukhunta yiFitosporin. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-5 g yesinambuzane ifakwe emanzini ayi-5 l imizuzu engama-30. Njengoba uqoqe ikhambi eliphuma nesirinji yezokwelapha, qinisa umhlaba ebhodweni. Lapho kukhona isidakamizwa iFitosporin M, izitshalo zifafazwa ngokuqedwa kwe-10 g kafulawa engilazini eyi-1 yamanzi.
- Kusetshenziswa isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate ukulwa nezifo ezitholakalayo zemvelaphi yesikhunta. Lapho ucubungula umhlaba, kuyadingeka ukuthambisa i-3 g ye-potanganum permanganate ku-5 l wamanzi bese uchithe ngokucophelela ngesakhiwo esimnyama esiphumela.
- Ngaphambi kokucubungula i-violets ezilwa nezinambuzane, amaqabunga kufanele asulwe ngesisombululo sotshwala ukususa abantu abane-immobile kanye ne-plaque eyenziwe ngabo.
- Ukulwa imikhaza, ama-thrips, ama-aphid, i-Fitoverm kufanelekile, i-ampoule yayo encibilikiswa 1 litre lamanzi. Lapho kukhona i-shampoo equkethe i-permethrin yezilwane ezifuywayo, engeza isipuni esingu-1 kusisombululo. I-Violets iphathwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3, iphinda ukwelashwa izikhathi ezine.
- Ukubhubhisa amaqanda kanye nezibungu zemikhaza, ngisebenzisa isidakamizwa i-Nissoran, ngisebenzisa i-1 g yomkhiqizo nge-1 litre yamanzi. Fafaza umhlabathi nezitshalo, lapho inzalo itholakala khona, efa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-1-2.
