Namuhla, imakethe yasekhaya ihlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-incubators, kokubili okwenziwa eRussia futhi angeniswe. Izinyoni ezizalisayo yibhizinisi elinomthwalo wemfanelo elidinga ulwazi olufanele kanye nemishini. Njengoba iningi labalimi bezinkukhu lithi, akufanele kube nzima ukuthenga ama-incubators angaphandle, ngoba kukhona imikhiqizo yasekhaya ephezulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokukhiqiza kwe-Russian "Neuska Bi-1" ne "Nxaso Bi-2".
Incubator "Ukubeka": idivayisi nemishini
I-Incubators "Ukubeka" yenzelwe ukuzalisa inzalo yezinsikazi, amadada, pheasants, izinkukhu, njll. Icala lensimbi lenziwe ngepulasitiki le-foam, okwenza kube lula, kuthutheke futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kube nokuthungwa okuhle okushisa. Ngamanye amadivayisi afakwe iwindi lokubuka isitsha, i-evaporator, imitha yokushisa, i-psychrometer. Ezinye zalezi zici zingase zihluke ngokuguqulwa kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lokufakelwa kwe-auto-incubator.
Ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nalokhu okufakelwayo: i-Blitz, i-Cinderella, i-Ideal hen, kanye nendlela yokwenza indlu yenkukhu, inkukhu yenkukhu kanye ne-incubator kusuka esiqandisini
I-Bi-1
Abazenzekelayo ngokuzenzakalela kwalolu hlobo batholakala kokuhluka okubili: amaqanda angu-36 no-63. Imodeli enekhono encane ifakwe izibani ze-incandescent, imodeli uBi-1-63 isebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile zokushisa. Ukushintsha izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi lilula kakhulu: ngale njongo, i-thermostat ekhethekile ikhiwe ngaphakathi kwe-incubator. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili onobuhle beBi-1 banikezwe umsebenzi we-autoturn amaqanda.
Uyazi? AbaseGibhithe lasendulo, cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-3000 edlule, bazama ukwakha ama-incubators ezinyoni.
I-incubator "I-Layer Bi-1" ine-psychrometer (yokulawula umswakama) ne-thermometer (yezinga lokushisa). Zombili lezi zinzwa zinesistimu yokubonisa idatha yedatha (kuphela ngezihumusho ezintsha ze-incubators). Noma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-auto-incubator ezikhiqizwa yi-Novosibirsk ezinikezwe amandla ngebhethri ye-12-watt. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-incubator ingasebenza amahora angu-20.
B-2
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-incubator Bi-1 no-Bi-2 yivolumu yesitsha seqanda. Imodeli yesibili yakhelwe ukuzala inqwaba yezinyoni ngendlela eyodwa. Ukushayela imoto ngegama elithi "2" kunezimpikiswano ezimbili mayelana nokulala: amaqanda angu-77 no-104.
I-incubator yokuzenzekelayo "I-Layer Bi-2" ifakwe ne-thermostat enamandla kakhulu futhi ethuthukisiwe evumela ukuthi ugcine ukushisa okufunayo njalo kulo lonke ivolumu. Iphutha lokushisa kudivayisi alidluli i-0.2 ° C. evunyelwe. Ukuze inzalo yenkukhu, amaqanda ayo abe nobukhulu obulinganiselwe, ungasebenzisa abahlukanisi be-lattice abakhethekile. Le model yedivaysi yasekhaya kumodi yokusebenza idla ama-watts angu-40.
Inkampani yeNovosibirsk inikezela abathengi bayo i-incubator yochungechunge elithi "Bi-2A Bird". Ihlonywe nge-digital thermometer ne-psychrometer, kodwa inikwe amandla ngebhethri engu-60 watt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Bi-2A ifakwe izinhlamvu ezengeziwe zokuhlukanisa.
Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe
Idatha yobuchwepheshe echazwe kwibhuku lemiyalelo ethi "Ukubeka" i-incubator manual:
- Inikwe amandla yi-220 V (50 Hz). Ukunikezwa kwe-volt engu-12 kumlawuli wezinga lokushisa kunikezwa nge-converter.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ku-12, 40, 60 noma 65 W (kuye ngokuthi imodeli yedivayisi).
- Imingcele yokulawula lokushisa okuvumelekile: + 33 ... +43 ° C.
- Iphutha elivumelekile lokubeka i-thermostat ayidluli ku-0.2 ° C.
- Isisindo se-incubator sihluka kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-6 kg.
- Ushintsho lokushisa lokushisa phakathi kwesitsha akudluli ku-1 ° C.
- Uhlobo lwesilawuli sokushisa - idijithali noma i-analog.
- Ukuvama kokukhwehlela kokufakelwa kokufakelwa kokufakelwa kwamahora kungamahora angu-2-7.
Izinzuzo nokuqeda
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-incubators "Ukubeka" ngamadivaysi e-analog, izinzuzo ezilandelayo zingahlukaniswa:
- intengo enengqondo;
- indawo yonke yokuklama;
- usayizi omncane, isisindo esincane;
- izinga eliphakeme lokungenisa ukushisa.
- ukumunwa kwephunga elimnandi;
- i-fragility yedivayisi.
Kubalulekile! Inzwa yokushisa kufanele ibekwe ngokuqondile ngokuphathelene nesembozo se-incubator!
Ukuze uvimbele ukuqala kwala maphuzu, umkhiqizi ufuna ukusetshenziselwa ama-agent okuhlanza abasawoti emva kokusetshenziswa kokunye kwe-incubator.
Ukulungiselela umsebenzi
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthenga idivayisi, kufanele ihlulwe futhi ihlolwe ukusebenza nokuhambisana nokucushwa okucacisiwe. Bese ufaka umhlukanisi we-grating ngaphansi kwezindlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwemiyalo, faka i-AUP (idivayisi ezenzakalelayo yokuguqula izinto zokufakelwa) kanye nesembozo.
Manje idivayisi isilungele ukusebenza, ngakho isinyathelo esilandelayo kuyoba ukuyixhuma kwinethiwekhi ye-220 V. Emva kwalokhu, sivumelanisa imodi lokushisa kuya kumanani ajwayelekile (azungeze + 36 ... +38 ° C) futhi ulinde imizuzu engu-20-30. Lapho i-incubator ye-auto ifinyelela ekushiseni okusethiwe, inkomba ikhanya, okuzobonisa ukuthi idivayisi isendlini yokusebenza eyinhloko. Manje udinga ukuxhuma amandla webhethri, ulandela imithetho ye-polarity (ungakhohlwa ukukhipha idivayisi kusuka kumadivayisi angu-220 V).
Ukulungiswa kokufakelwa
Uma usungusha embonini yenkukhu, futhi ungakaze uthintane nama-incubators ngaphambili, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalelo yokusebenza yeDivaysi Yokubeka. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaqala inqubo yokulungiselela ukutshala kabusha, okubandakanya ukulungiswa komlawuli wokushisa, kanye nokukhethwa kwamaqanda.
Ukulungiswa kweThermostat
Ukulungiswa kwe-regulator regulator kwenzeka ezinyathelweni eziningana. Ukuze inqubo enjalo, kumele usebenzise isakhiwo se-thermometer yezokwelapha. Okokuqala qiniseka ukuthi i-thermometer yakho ibonisa idatha ephathekayo (ungathatha izingcezu ezimbalwa bese uqhathanisa nesibonelo sokushisa komzimba wakho). Bese ufake i-thermometer ngaphansi kwe-incubator endaweni lapho ukusebenza kwayo kuzobukwa khona.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukuvula i-autoincubator kwinethiwekhi ye-220 V bese usetha inzwa yesilawuli sezinga lokushisa kunani elifunayo (kungcono ukusetha izinga lokushisa lokushisa, okuyi +37.7 ° C). Linda imizuzu engu-15-25, uma isibonakaliso kudivayisi sikhanya, emva kwalokho udinga ukuhlola izinkomba ze-thermometer. Uma umehluko phakathi kokusetha nokushisa okutholiwe kungaphezu kuka-0.5 ° C, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukulungiswa kokushisa usebenzisa i-knight thermostat.
Uyazi? Ukukhiqizwa kwezezimboni ze-autoincubators e-USSR yaqala ngo-1928.
Ngemuva kokushisa okufunayo kufakwe ku-incubator ye-auto, esikhundleni se-thermometer yezokwelapha enye ehlinzekwa ngedivayisi. Qhathanisa ukufundwa, futhi uma kukhona umehluko kubo, bese ucabanga ngezinqubo ezengeziwe.
Ukukhethwa kwamaqanda
Qoqa amaqanda ukutshala kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma zingasuswa masinyane esitokisini, kunengozi ye-hypothermia (ebusika, entwasahlobo, ekwindla) noma ngaphezulu (ehlobo). Amaqanda asanda kuvuna agcinwa endaweni ehlongozwe ngokukhethekile emazingeni okushisa emoyeni + 8 ... + 12 ° C nomswakama - 75-80%. Akufanele kube khona ama-drafts kanye nokukhanyisa okuvamile noma okwesikhashana endaweni yokugcina.
Ungakwazi ukugcina amaqanda ngaphambi kokufakelwa ukushiswa ngaphandle kwezinsuku ezingu-7. Amaqanda nezinyosi zezinyosi zingagcinwa ezimweni ezifanele ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-8-10. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isitoreji esilinde isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufakwa kwesikhwama kuholela ekutheni ama-microorganisms ayingozi aqala ukungena kumaqanda.
Funda mayelana nezinselele zokufaka izinkukhu, ama-goslings, ama-turkey poults, amadada, ama-turkeys, izinyoni ze-Guinea, izigwaca.
Uma ukhetha amaqanda, qiniseka ukuthi isimo nesimo segobolondo kulungile. I-material yokufakelwa kwesikhwama efanelekayo yokuzalanisa izilwane ezincane kufanele ibe negobolondo elifanayo elibushelelekile lobuningi obuphakathi nobuningi.
Kungenzeka ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwamaqanda okufakelwa ukufakelwa nge-ovoscope. Ukusebenzisa, kuyadingeka ukhethe amaqanda anekamelo lomoya lokulingana okujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele abe ne-yolk engabambeki kwigobolondo, nge-contour elibushelelezi lezintambo.
I-egg ibeke
Akekho okwenzayo inqubo ye-shell ye-disinfection ngaphambi kokubeka izinto zokufakelwa. Izinqubo ezinjalo zizoholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-antibacterial noma enye imithi izokhipha igobolondo bese iqanda. Futhi lokhu kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi inzalo ingeke ihlukane.
Kubalulekile! Uma kukhona ukushisa okuvamile okushisa okufika ku-± 10 ° C ekamelweni, khona-ke ulindele i-drop incubator phansi lokushisa kuze kube ± 1-2 ° C.
Amaqanda alungiselelwe ithebhu kufanele amakwe ezinhlangothini zombili ngezimpawu "O" no "X". Lokhu kuzokusiza ukulawula ukushaya futhi ungadideki. Ngemva kokubeka izinto zokufakelwa, i-thermometer ifakiwe futhi isivalo se-incubator sivaliwe.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ukuze kube nenqubo yokuzalanisa ngempumelelo, le mithetho elandelayo kumele ilandelwe:
- Ukuqapha njalo izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-incubator. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukugcwalisa izimpahla zamanzi (uma kunesidingo, unqamule idivaysi kusuka kumanini anikezwe ngaphambilini).
- Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-AUP aluphazamisi futhi luguqula imininingwane yokufakelwa kwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokuvala isikhathi esinqunyiwe.
- Ngesinye isikhathi shintsha amaqanda ngaphakathi kwe-incubator. Labo ababeseduze nodonga, bashintsha nalabo ababephakathi. Kudingekile ukwenza lokhu, ngoba ngaphakathi kwesistimu kukhona umehluko wezinga lokushisa lokushisa kulo lonke ivolumu (phakathi, izinga lokushisa lingaba yingxenye yezinga eliphakeme kunezikhawu). Futhi khumbula ukuthi kungcono ukugoqa amaqanda, ngoba ngesikhathi ukhuphuka ungalimaza izicubu zombungu.
- Izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuphela kokufakelwa, amaqanda ukuguqula ayavunyelwe.
- Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhushulwa, kubalulekile ukuphindaphinda kabili ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda. Lokhu kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-ovoscope nesibane sikagesi (150-200 W). Ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili nesikhombisa, lapho uhlola iqanda ngosizo lwe-ovoscope, i-speck black encane kufanele ibonakale e-yolk. Ngosuku lwama-11-13, lonke iqanda kufanele libe mnyama. Izinkomba ezinjalo ziyizibonakaliso zentuthuko evamile yezinkukhu. Uma iqanda lihlala likhanya ekubukeni kwesibili, khona-ke lokhu "okhulumayo", futhi kumele kususwe kusuka ku-incubator.
- Uma ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-auto-incubator ukunikezwa kwamandla wenethiwekhi kulahlekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise i-generator yephesolini noma uhambise idivayisi endaweni efudumele, uyihlanganise ngendwangu ebanzi.
- Uma izinkukhu ezincane ziphuma phakathi kwegobolondo ngosuku ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kwe-incubator ngo-0.5 ° C. Njengoba kubonakala sengathi i-stock esheshayo ihamba kancane, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngo-0.5 ° C.
- Lapho ama-chicks okuqala evela, adinga ukuthi afakwe endaweni efudumele (+37 ° C) ngezinsuku ezingaba ngu-7-10. Ukushisa kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izibani.
- Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwenqubo yokufaka incubation, idivayisi kufanele ihlanjululwe kahle futhi igcinwe.
Isihluthulelo sokuzalanisa ngempumelelo izinkukhu, ama-goslings, amadada, ama-broilers, izigwaca kanye namadada ama-musk kudla kahle.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha
Khumbula ukuthi i-Incubus auto-incubator iyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenza kagesi, futhi uma usebenzisa, kufanele ulandele imithetho nemilungiso ethile:
- Kuvinjelwe ukusebenzisa abrasives nezixazululo ezihloswe ukuhlanza imikhiqizo ye-ceramic kanye ne-tile yokuhlanza i-incubator.
- Ungavumeli noma yisiphi isisombululo sokwenziwa komzimba emzimbeni wesistimu ye-thermostat.
- Akunqatshelwe ukufaka imithwalo enamandla yemishini kudivayisi, njengoba lokhu kungasongela nge-break breaks noma uhlelo lokungasebenzi kahle, ngenxa yalokho okungahambi kahle noma ezinye izinkinga ezinokusebenza.
- Akuvunyelwe ukuhlukanisa indlela ye-incubator, exhunywe kwinethiwekhi.
Uyazi? Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-70 leminyaka eledlule, ama-autoincubators angaphezu kuka-1.7 billion asebenza kulo lonke i-USSR.
I-incubus autoincubator idivayisi enhle kakhulu yabaqalayo abafuna ukuzala inzalo yabo. Lo mshini uyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ofika ku-80% ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubaluleka kwayo kukhanga kakhulu abalimi bezinkukhu.
