Izifo Zezifo

Amakhaya abalulekile ekugcwaliseni nasekuhlobiseni izindawo ezinomthunzi engadini. Amabhishi weVolumetric asuka encanyana (afinyelela ku-15 cm) kuya kokukhulu (ngaphezu kwe-1 m) ayaziswa ngokuzithoba kwawo nemibala ehlukahlukene yamahlamvu. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyaqhakaza kahle futhi zibe nephunga eliqinile.

Izifo Zezifo

Inhlala kahle yesitshalo inganqunywa yisimo samahlamvu aso. Emzini, ukuhlobisa kwawo kungahlupheka ngenxa yezici ezimbalwa:

• ukukhanya kwelanga ngokweqile;
• ukulimala kwesithwathwa;
• izinambuzane;
• izifo.

Ukulinyazwa amabala, iqabunga eliphuzi, elishabalalayo livame ukukhombisa ukunakekelwa okungafundile, ukungagcinwa kwemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo.

Ukufika kwamakhosi ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene

Isitshalo sincamela ukukhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi futhi ezinomswakama. Shono abaklami be-landscape beklama indawo yokutshala abahlali eduze kwamachibi okufakelwa engadini yaseJapan. Amacembe abanzi we-perennial avele ahunyushwe inani eliwuketshezi ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.

Ukuze ungabangeli ukushiswa yilanga emacembe, ukuthambisa kwenziwa ekuseni noma ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Uma umswakama wehla phezu kweshidi, asebenza njengamalensi okukhanya kwelanga.

Izitshalo zasengadini emakotini ehlobo zingahlushwa isithwathwa sangemuva kwentwasahlobo lapho amaqabunga esanda kuqala ukubhoboka.

Ukushiyeka ekunakekelweni kungalungiswa kalula, uma kwenzeka izifo ezithile kuba nokusongela kokulahlekelwa isitshalo futhi kuthinte yonke indawo etshaliwe.

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Izifo ezingamagciwane kunzima ukuzilawula; zidluliselwa yizinambuzane, umoya nangomhlabathi onegciwane. Izitshalo ziqala ukufiphala, zikhule kancane, kancane kancane zife. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-perennials agulayo angabhujiswa.

Igciwane le-Hosta X

Igciwane le-Hosta X likhonjwe yi-botanists yaseMelika. Ingozi yaleli gciwane yinkimbinkimbi yokuxilongwa kwaso. Isitshalo singakhula, sibe yisithwali isikhathi eside, sithelela ezinye izinhlobo zokubamba ezibalulekile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umbala oyingqayizivele wezitshalo ezinesifo wamukelwa kuqala ngabazalisi njengento yokuhlukahluka. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zokutheleleka ezifakiwe ziye zaqashelwa njengezinhlobo ezizimele (Break Dance, I-Scodled Fantasy, uPamela Ann, njll.).

Ukwehlulwa kwesitshalo kunemiphumela elandelayo:

• ukubuyiselwa emuva ekukhuleni;
• ukuguqulwa kwamahlamvu: ukubumbana, ukuncipha, ukukhula kwesikali (enations), ukugoqa, ukusonteka;
• ukungalingani kwemibala ethile emhlophe ehlukahlukene, umbala ogqamile, amabala aconsayo nemivimbo, amaqabunga omgcini aphenduka aphuzi;
• i-necrosis enengxenye nokufa kwesitshalo.

Izindlela zomzabalazo:

• isitshalo esinesifo kufanele sibiwe futhi sibhujiswe;
• Amabutho akhule eduze kwawo anqunyelwa unyaka kuze kube unyaka;
• Indawo lapho bathola khona ukutheleleka kufanele ibulawe magciwane futhi okwesikhashana bagweme noma yikuphi ukubanjwa okukuyo.

Igciwane X, ngenxa yokuthi liphethe amahlamvu asontekile

Igciwane likagwayi

Umenzeli we-causative weTobacco Rattle Virus (VPT) uhlakulela amaseli amasiko wemifino namasiko okuhlobisa (amazambane, ama-daffodils). Izithwali zayo zingamaqabunga amaqabunga olimaza umgcini ongaphansi. Izimpawu zesifo se-virus:

• ukutheleleka kwesitshalo esincanyana kuholela ekukhuleni okulimazayo;
• ukuguqulwa kwamahlumela namahlamvu;
• okungajwayelekile kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kwamaqabunga amaqabunga, ukucwazimula kwezingxenye ezithile zepuleti leqabunga, amabala angama-necrotic.

Imbangela yokutheleleka nge-HPA kungenzeka kube ngumsebenzi wethuluzi elingalwanga. Igciwane liqukethe ujusi kanye nembewu yezamasiko agulayo.

Leaf curl virus

Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo sesifo se-hosta yamaqabunga sibonisa igama uqobo. Lesi sifo sivela kwigciwane le-pelargonium, esitholakala ngohlobo lwegciwane le-utamatisi curly. Izinga lomonakalo lincike ekuphikisweni kwezinhlobonhlobo kuwo. Kumaseli atheleleke ngegciwane, umsebenzi wokukhula uyaphazamiseka, ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okungalingani kuboniswa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:

• amahlamvu awonakele, abukeka emile, eshwabene, kuvela izinyembezi;
• amabala amancane amise okwezinkanyezi ancishiswe ngokuthinta abonakala ngokukhanya;
• ekugcineni, izicubu ezingaphakathi kwamabala ziba necrotic futhi ziyachitheka.

Kuzofanele ususe isitshalo esithintekile.

Izifo zokukhunta

Izifo zibangela ukuqina kwesikhunta se-pathogenic. Kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukuthi ulwe nabo, ngoba lokhu kunokhetho olukhulu lwezidakamizwa ze-fungicidal, kunesipiliyoni seminyaka sokulwa ngosizo lwamakhambi abantu.

I-Phyllosticosis

Ezinye zezizathu ezenza ukuthi umgcini ophendukayo aphuzi abizwe ngokuthi yisifo se-fungal phylosticosis. Ungasibona lesi sifo ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• amaqabunga ambozwe amabala ansundu-aphuzi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi asakazekela phezu kobuso bonke;
• i-fungus spores kamuva, iphindaphindeka, yakha i-plaque;
• ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, izikejana zomsingathi nazo ziyonakala.

Uma isitshalo nenhlabathi ezungezile kungaqalwa ukuphathwa ngendlela yesikhathi, ukoma okuthintekile kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, izicubu eziphakathi nendawo ziyachitheka bese zakha izimbobo. Ukuvimba lesi sifo, izingxenye ezonakele zesitshalo ziyasuswa. Isitshalo siphathwa nge-fungic ehlelekile.

Anthracnose

Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu ezivandeni. Izikhunta zesikhunta zivuthwa emacembe ezihlahla zezithelo nezitshalo zasensimini. Umenzeli we-causative uthinta ngokushesha ingxenye esemoyeni yomgcini.

Izici zesici:

• amabala ebusweni bamaqabunga avela kumachashazi ansundu angakhula kancane, agcwalise ipuleti lonke;
• izicubu ezingaphakathi kwelebisi ziyanyakazisa futhi ziphume, kusala umgodi esiqwini;
• ekugcineni kwesifo, amaqabunga omile ayawa, ashiye kuphela iziqu ngaphezulu.

Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha lesi sitshalo, ngakho-ke kusala kuphela ukubhubhisa.

Ukubola kwezimpande

Isizathu esenza ukuthi abaphathi baphenduke amaqabunga aphuzi kungenzeka kube ukubola kwezimpande. Lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi ukubola komqhele ngendlela yokusatshalaliswa kwawo, ngoba lesi sifo sithinta kuqala amaqabunga angaphandle.

Ukubola kwezimpande

Izimpawu zokutheleleka:

• onqenqemeni lweshidi luhlanganisa i-yellowing, kepha ukwakheka kwalo nokuqina kwalo kuhlale kunjalo;
• phansi kwentamo yezimpande, isiqu sithambisa, amashidi amakhulu aqhuma ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo;
• uma uhlolwa ngokucophelela, ungathola i-mycelium ye-pathogen - imicu emhlophe;
• esiteji sekwedlule isikhathi, intamo yezimpande imbozwe okusanhlamvu okukhanyayo onsundu we-mycelium, okufana neziqeshana zamakhowe amancane.

Uma umgcini ephenduka ophuzi, ukuthi enzeni kuleli cala, ngakho-ke ungesabi ekuqaleni. Ukuze uyivikele, kufanele:

1. Kwisibonakaliso sokuqala, susa wonke amahlamvu athintekile.
2. Isitshalo sembiwe, izimpande kanye nentambo yomsuka kuhlanza ukubola (kuya kwezicubu ezinempilo).
3. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa ikhefu ukuze womile emoyeni ovulekile.
4. Baphathwa nge-fungicide.
5. Etshalwe esitsheni esinomhlabathi ohlanzekile, ongahlanzekile

Kuyadingeka ukumba ngokufanele. Uma iphuzu lokukhula kwesitshalo lingonakalanga, khona-ke umgcini othintekile angalulama.

Ukugqwala

Izikhunta zokugqwala zivame ukuhlasela izinhlobo ze-hosta eziphuzi emincane. I-Mycelium ikhula ekushiseni ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama. Lesi sifo ezimpawu zaso sifana nokushiswa yilanga, amaqabunga angaphenduka aphuzi aqumbe. Eqinisweni, ukugqwala kuvimbela i-metabolism yeselula, kuphazamisa i-photosynthesis. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo kufanele sinikeze ukukhanya okuphelele kanye nezimo zomswakama.

IGrey Rot (Botritis)

I-fungus Botrys Cinerea ifinyelela ezitshalweni zezithelo nezokuhlobisa. Ama-spores athinta izingxenye zesitshalo ezonakaliswe ngomshini, lesi isici sesifo. Okokuqala, amathiphu amaqabunga omile e-hosta, kancane kancane athumba wonke umhlaba. Isitshalo esinesifo simbozwa ngumbala ompunga o-fluffy. Ukuze uvikele ukulimala okuphelele esihlahleni, udinga ukhipha amagciwane endaweni enegciwane. Ukuze kucutshungulwe, uthuli lungenziwa nge-carbon eyenziwe nge-carbon eyenziwe ngomshini noma ngomlotha wokhuni.

I-botritis emaqabungeni

I-Sclerotinia (Sclerotinia)

I-ejenti yokudla, i-fungus sclerotinia, yakha izihlungi ezifana nezikotini. Intamo yomsuka wesitshalo iyathinteka ngalesi sifo. Akunakwenzeka ukusindisa isihlahla, kuhlala kususa kuphela.

Isifo esinegciwane elibolile

Kusakazwa ngamagciwane asezindongeni ezilimele. Isitshalo sivame ukuthinteka kakhulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokugula yiphunga lesimilo sokubola. Imbangela yokubonakala kwayo kungaba ukubola kwengxenye engezansi yesitshalo. Amacembe ama-hosta ambozwe izindawo ezimnyama ezinsundu.

Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nama-fungus spores, kufanele ulandele imithetho eyisisekelo:

• bambelela ohlelweni lokutshala, kucatshangelwa izidingo zezinhlobonhlobo ngokukhanyisa kanye nomswakama;
• hlola njalo ingxenye engaphezulu yesitshalo ukuze ikhombe inkinga ngesikhathi futhi iqale ukwelashwa;
• susa izingxenye ezilimele esihlahleni bese zishisa ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilimo;
• amathuluzi nemishini ngaphambi kokusebenza nesitshalo ngasinye kuyahlanzwa futhi kubulawe amagciwane.

Izifo zesikhunta zihlala kulula ukuzivikela ngezindlela zokuvimbela kunokulwa nokusabalala kwazo. Ukuvikela nokuvikela ingadi, izitshalo nezihlahla ziphathwa ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal noma we-biological:

• ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap);
• ekwindla (ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga).

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wokuzalela ukwandisa ukumelana nezifo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi bezifo, izithombo kufanele zithengwe ezitolo ezethembekile ezikwi-inthanethi nasezindaweni zokunakekela izingane, unaka izici zokuhlukahluka okuthandayo.

Kungani umninikhaya ekhula kabi

Kwenzeka ukuthi isitshalo esinempilo siqhume ngaphandle kwesizathu esikhulayo sokukhula, singakhiqizi ama-peduncle, futhi ekugcineni siqale ukubuna. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani umninikhaya ekhula kabi. Ngaphezu kwezifo nokunakekelwa okungafanele, izinambuzane ziphazamisa ukukhula nokukhula komsingathi.

Amagundane

Amagundane e-Vole asebenzisa izigaxa zeqhwa ebusika kanye neqhwa ebusika ukuhambisa nokugedla izimpande zawo. Izindonga ezazihlala engadini zigijinyiselwa izicupho futhi zabhujiswa ngamakhemikhali. Ungazixosha izinambuzane ngezitshalo ezinephunga elizesabisayo;

• ugarlic
• i-hazel grouse yombusi;
• impande emnyama.

Slug

Ama-mollus adla amaqabunga aphansi omgcini waso ezizibeni, ikakhulukazi amabutho anamahlamvu amancane athambile. Amahlamvu amancane ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa kwe-slug angaqothulwa ngokuphelele, kusale ama-petioles kuphela.

Izindlela zabantu zokulawula izinambuzane:

• entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, kudingeka ukuthi kugqunywe emithini;
• esizeni setha izicupho ze-slugs, ungasebenzisa womabili amalungiselelo akhethekile neziqukathi ezinebhiya;
• fafaza ugwayi, umlotha wezinkuni, i-superphosphate eduzane nemikhosi. Bazokuphikisana kakhulu nokufinyeleleka kwezinambuzane emaqabunga.

AmaLeaf Nematode

Izikelemu ezincane ezifika ku-2 mm ziguqula ipuleti leqabunga ngemigqa e-brown enezimpawu kanye namabala. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, izilonda azikwazi ukutholwa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isizathu sokuthi lowo omgciniwe angakhuli, sisebenze njenge-nematode kuzosiza ukuhlolwa kokuqala. Engilazini enamanzi, yehlisa ishidi elichotshoziwe imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Uma izinsolo zinesizathu, izibungu zingabonakala emanzini ekukhanyeni.

Kunzima ukubhekana nezibungu, izidakamizwa zibhubhisa abantu abadala, kepha hhayi amaqanda abo. Ngokuqothula inkathazo, abathuthukisi banikezela ngama-bioperaparts, ngokwesibonelo, nemabact ne-nematophagin.

Ukulondolozwa okungenazinkathazo okungenazinkinga, kuyadingeka ukulungisa umbuso wokunisela, lesi sitshalo sikhula kabi ngaphandle komswakama ofanele.

Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi inani eliphakeme lemikhosi yokuhlobisa iwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo (Meyi-Juni).

Izindiza eziqhakaza izimbali

Ukufika kwezimbali kuyabambezeleka noma kungenzeki nhlobo ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• izinhlobonhlobo eziyinkinga ngokuya ngezimbali zibangelwa ukuqhuma kwezimbali sekwedlule isikhathi futhi azinaso isikhathi esanele namazinga okushisa afanele;
• isihlahla sikhule kakhulu, sigcwele futhi singenawo umsoco. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi lowo ogciniwe akaqhakaze;
• Sebawoti banomthunzi, kepha badinga amahora ambalwa ngosuku ukuze bakhule futhi bakhe isiqu sezimbali.

IHosta isitshalo esihle. Akazithobi futhi uphendula ngenhlonipho ekunakekelweni. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezingadini kuyinto indawo yonke. Umuthi wendabuko usebenzisa ababambi bemibala ukwelapha amanxeba, kuyilapho abantu baseJapan bebheka amahlumela amancane njengokudla okumnandi. Uma udala izimo ezidingekayo zomsingathi, isitshalo sizokubonga ngokuqhakaza okukhulu.