Ngenani lokudla, ubhontshisi uphakathi kwezilimo eziyishumi eziwusizo kakhulu ezitshalwa ngabantu. Idonswa yi-75%, ingcebo yezinto zokwakha zemvelo, umthombo wamandla onamandla. Lesi yisitshalo esinomlando omude. Ubhontshisi onomsoco ugcinwe kahle, unamaprotheni amaningi, ama-amino acid. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo ze-asparagus bezithandwa, zikhula kahle emhlabathini ovulekile ezindaweni eziningi zezulu.
Ubhontshisi uvame ukutshalwa kumakholoni, ama-loggias ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa. Isiko elithanda ukushisa lihlala kahle ngemuva kokufakelwa; e-Urals naseSiberia, likhula ngezithombo. Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe ziyakwazi ukuvuthwa ehlobo elipholile. Izici ezizuzisayo zesiko ziyaqashelwa umuthi wendabuko. Kunconywa ekudleni ngezinhlobo eziningi zezifo.
Incazelo Yebhayoloji Yabhontshisi
Isitshalo esikhuphukayo minyaka yonke esivela emndenini we-legume sinezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-90. Ubhontshisi ojwayelekile ezimweni zemvelo ukhula ezifundeni ezifudumele zase-Europe, Asia kanye nasemazweni aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Isiqu sesitshalo sitsaliwe, sinama-pubescence angavamile, amaqabunga aluhlaza satjani, kathathu, ananyathiselwe esiqwini kwisibambo eside. Ama-peduncle akhula ngo-2/3 engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu kusuka kumakhasi onembe. Izimbali ze-moth, ezingenasici ngendlela emile, ebhulashi lezimbali kukhona kusuka kwezingcezu ezi-2 kuya kwezi-6. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinombala omhlophe o-milky, ukhilimu, opinki wezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene, i-lilac, nsomi, umbala onsomi we-petals.
Ubhontshisi uyatshalwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba, uthunyelwa ngaphandle, uthathwa njengesitshalo esibaluleke kakhulu. Igama elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini ngokuthi "i-shuttle", izithelo nezimbotshana ezisetshenziselwa ukudla, ziyahlukahluka ngobude ukusuka ku-5 kuya ku-25 cm. Ubhontshisi wezinhlobo ezihlukile uhlukile:
- ngombala, obomvu, omhlophe, ompunga, ophuzi, onswebu, omnyama uyatholakala;
- ngesimo: woza ngohlobo lwama-cylinders, ama-ovals angalingani, agobile, abunjiwe ngotshwele.
Ngaphakathi pod, ubhontshisi uhlukaniswa izingxenye ezincane, ezingaphelelanga. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kabhontshisi:
- Ama-curly ajwayelekile afinyelela kumamitha ayi-3 ukuphakama, isihlahla sikhula size sifinyelele kuma-50 cm. Sakha amasiga amakhulu amakhulu, aqhamuke neziqholo ezinobunzima obuyi-3 kuya ku-8.
- I-Asparagus noma ushukela inamaphogo amade amancanyana asetshenziswa esigabeni sobisi ubisi lukabhontshisi. Izinambuzane zifana nehlumela le-asparagus ukunambitha.
Emapulazini engadi, ama-loggias, ubhontshisi atshalwa njengesitshalo semifino nezimbali.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulima ngaphandle
Lapho ubeka ubhontshisi engadini, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu kuyisiko elikhanyayo nelithanda ukushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehlika ngaphansi kuka + 10 ° С, ukukhula kuyama. Ngokupholisa isikhathi eside, ukuphunyuka kungafa. Inhlabathi ikhethiwe ivundile, kepha ngaphandle kokugcwala kakhulu kwezinto eziphilayo. I-nitrogen engaphezulu yehlisa umkhiqizo, isitshalo siqondisa wonke amandla ku-green green. Njengamanye ama-legumes, ubhontshisi adinga i-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-calcium. Izinhlobo zama-Curly zibekwa kuma-trellises, avame ukusetshenziswa njengothango, uphahla, umhlobiso wama-arbor, izindawo zokuzijabulisa.
Ukukhetha imbewu
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukhule ubhontshisi oluhlaza kuzo zonke izifunda, lokhu kungenxa yezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo zezinhlobo:
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, isikhathi sokukhula sezinsuku ezingama-50 (uCinderella, uTatyana uvuthwe ngaphambili kunanoma ngubani omunye umuntu, uSaxa, uMelody, uCaramel, u-Inga, uBona akahlaselwa izifo ezibangelwa ukhunta kanye namagciwane, iKing oli lihlukaniswa ubhontshisi onenyama enamafutha aphuzi);
- maphakathi nesizini idinga izinsuku ezingama-70 nobusuku obufudumele (iNagano, Deer Root, Qaphela, iCrane, iPanther itshalwa ukuze iqhwa, i-Purple Queen ishaya ngemidumba ebubende);
- ukuvuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi kudinga izinsuku ezingafika kwezingu-90 zokukhula; lezi zinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinwebekile, zokugcina isikhathi eside, zivuthwa ngokuphelele ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe azilungele iqhwa, zidliwa zintsha noma zilondolozwa.
Ukulungiswa kwembewu yobhontshisi
Ukulungiselela kabusha kuqukethe ukuhlunga imbewu. Ubhontshisi onakalisiwe, owonakalisiwe, onesifo, onqenqemeniwe uyaliwa, ngeke aphume isitshalo esigcwele. Izithelo ezikhethiwe ziyahlolwa ukuze kubhekwe kubantu: ziyacwiliswa endaweni yesisombululo sikasawoti. Ubhontshisi ongenalutho uzohlala ugcwele, kanti ezinye, lapho zixutshwa, zehlela ezansi. Ngemuva kokugeza usawoti, imbewu iyahlanzwa, yomiswe.
Ubhontshisi oqoqwayo uvame ukutshala ngonyaka olandelayo. Lapho uthenga imbewu ezitolo noma ezinsizeni eziku-inthanethi, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka usuku lokuvuna ubhontshisi. Ngokugcina isikhathi eside, ayoma, bese isivuno siyancipha. Impilo yeshelufu elilungile yembewu ayikho ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-2.
Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kokuqukethwe kwembewu kuhlinzekela:
- Ukuvikela ukubulala amagciwane ubhontshisi Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusukela egxilisiwe isixazululo manganese imizuzu 30. Ngokuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini, ubhontshisi omuncu.
- I-Hardening yenziwa ukujwayela ukupholisa ebusuku. Imbewu emanzi ibekwa esiqandisini noma kwenye indawo epholile enamazinga okushisa +4 ° C amahora angama-5-6, bese yomiswa.
- Ukwenza kusebenze ukukhula, amahora ama-2 ngaphambi kokutshala, ubhontshisi ucwiliswa kwisisombululo se-biostimulants.
Ukutshala kuqala izithombo zezimbewu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole izithombo eziqinile ezinobungane.
Indawo nenhlabathi yobhontshisi
Okokufika khetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle, evaliwe kusuka isikhala somoya esinamandla. Izandulelo ezifiselekayo: i-nightshade nama-gourds, upelepisi, izitshalo zezimpande, u-anyanisi, i-garlic. Emhlabathini, ngemuva kweminye imidumba, ubhontshisi uyagula. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yikhululekile, ilula, igcwele i-potassium ne-phosphorus.
Isikhathi sokufika
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zingahlwanyelwa lapho kudlule usongo wokuqandelwa yiqhwa, ebusuku izinga lokushisa lomoya lizofudumala lifinyelela ku-+10 ° С. Imodi yokukhula enkulu ngu- +18 ° C. Ngokuvamile, abalimi bagxila kuma-cherries: ngemuva kwezimbali eziqhakazayo, isitshalo sitshalwa ngezithombo noma ngembewu. Ngezithombo, ubhontshisi uhlwanyelwa emabhodweni we-peat ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, oqondiswa ikhalenda yenyanga. Amanzi angaphansi afakwe emanzini, amanzi aguqulwa kabili ngosuku ukuze i-acidification ingenzeki. Lapho ubhontshisi uvuvukala, umpe phezu kwawo uyaqhuma, isihluma sokuhluma, ubhontshisi ungcwatshwa ngo-3-4 cm endaweni eyisicaba, izimpande nesiqu sikhula ngasikhathi sinye ukusuka kuhluma. Ubhontshisi uqobo usebenza njengendawo yokuzalanisa.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Izithelo zitshalwa ku-2 cm obukhulu, ezinkulu zijule zibe ngu-4 cm, kuze kuthi kwakhiwa isigaxa sezimpande esinamandla esingabamba isitshalo ngezithelo. Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo lingamasentimitha ayi-15- 20 .Ukugwema amabala aphansi emasimini, ubhontshisi amabili noma amathathu aphonswa emgodini ngamunye, ngemuva kokuhluma kwehlumela elilodwa kushiywe, kukhethwe onamandla kunayo yonke. Zonke ezinye zingadluliselwa ngokucophelela kwenye indawo.
Izithombo zidluliselwa emithonjeni ngemuva kokuqina kokuqala, ukutshala kwenziwa ngendlela yokudluliselwa, inhlama yobumba ayonakalanga. Ukuze kuqiniswe ukungagugi, lesi sitshalo somiswa ngaphambi kokutshala, bese ithelwa ngamanzi imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokutshala. Isimo sezulu esishiswa yilanga sishubile. Qinisa imicu noma ufake ama-trellises ukuze ungalimazi izimpande zesitshalo.
Ubuchwepheshe obukhula ekhaya
Ubhontshisi ungatshalwa ebhodweni, ezimbombeni zezimbali. Uzizwa emuhle kuvulandi okhanyayo, ku-loggia ekhazimulayo. Uhlangothi olusenyakatho alinconywa, kulokhu kuzodingeka ukuhlela ukukhanyiselwa kwesihlahla ukuze kukhule ngokuphelele. Isitshalo esikhuphukayo siyoba umhlobiso wensimu yasebusika, abamba ukushisa ekhaya. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno esihle sezithelo.
Ukukhetha Okuhlukahlukene
Izinhlobo ezikhula kancane ezi-hybrid hybrid noma izinhlobo zokuzenzisa impova zilungele ukulinyelwa kwasekhaya kanye ne-balcony. E-asparagus yakuqala, ifomu le-compact bush, kulula ukulinakekela. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezinemibala ehlukene ye-bud ziyakhethwa, izinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo zitshalwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zikabhontshisi zikhethiwe.
Zifana nezicucu zemivini. Imbewu ayihlukile ekunambithekeni, akuqabukanga kuvuthwe, kepha okuqhakaza okugudlayo kuthokozisa isikhathi eside. Izinhlobo ezithandwayo: iVioletta, iKrapinka, iRumba ziyamelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Ukulima ubuchwepheshe ekhaya lokulima akufani nokutshala ingadi. Ngomklamo omuhle we-balcony, ukutshala ngezigaba zezithombo ezinqunyelwe isikhathi esingangesonto kunconyiwe. Isitshalo sidinga isikhathi sokukhanya okungenani amahora ayi-12; ebusika, izithombo zama-balconies kanye nama-loggias akhanyiselwa ekhaya. Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu esifanele maphakathi noMeyi. Ukuthola izimbali zokuqala nezithelo, ubhontshisi utshalwa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Lapho-ke isitshalo sijwayela kancane kancane izimo zekhakhayini: okokuqala sidonswa emoyeni imizuzu engama-20, bese silethwa kuphela ebusuku, bese kuthi esimweni sezulu esifudumele ubhontshisi ushiywe emoyeni ovulekile.
Zondliwa inyanga nenyanga; amalungiselelo asemqoka wezimbali ezinokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephansi angasetshenziswa.
Kusetshenziswa umquba lapho kuniselwa khona. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuhlanjululwe ngokuya ngemiyalo, khona-ke umthamo wamanzi uphindwe kabili. Amahlumela namakhasi afana nokufafazwa kwakusihlwa, inqwaba yothuli ihlala emaqabungeni, akukho kwakhiwa kwendiza nomoya wamazolo efulethini noma kuvulandi. Kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo se-trellis. Ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo, imicu emincane nama-garters ngezikhathi ezithile ziyaqhekeka.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: ukuhlanza ubhontshisi ofanele
Ubhontshisi we-peeling uvunwa ngemuva kokuqinisa ubhontshisi, lapho amaqabunga emidumba eba phuzi. Imvamisa, amabhodwe akhishwa esitshalweni esomile esomile. Ubhontshisi womile, bese womile, uhlakazekele ukugcinwa emasakeni we-canvas. Ngokufanayo, izinto zokutshala ziyaqoqwa.
Amabhodwe e-asparagus avunwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Bafinyelela ukuvuthwa okungathengiswa ngezinsuku ezingama-7- 7 ngemuva kokubopha i-ovule. Ubukhulu bhontshisi abukhulu kunobubanzi bebhali kernel. Ehlobo elomile, zonke izithelo zifinyelela usayizi oludingekayo emavikini ambalwa, iziqu zezimbali ezintsha azitshalwa ngokushisa okuphezulu, impova ihlanzwe. Ngobusuku obupholile, ukuchelela njalo, ukuvuna kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Ama-pods kufanele asikwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-6 ukuze isitshalo siqhubeke ukuqhakaza.
Onke ama-curve, ama-pods angenaphutha ayasuswa ukuze ubhontshisi ungachithi amandla kuwo. Ukusika kuhlukunyezwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa amahora okushisa lapho umoya wehliswa. Ku-20 ° С, izakhiwo ezinomsoco kabhontshisi nama-sashes zilahleka ngokushesha, azama ukupholisa ngokushesha noma ukumisa imikhiqizo eqediwe yesitoreji eside. Ubhontshisi ongavuthiwe awudliwe, i-phasin glycoside iyingozi emgodini wokugaya ibhujiswa lapho ifuthelwa ku-+ 80 ° C, ibilisiwe imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-40.
