I-Digitalis yindabuko yaphakade eNyakatho Afrika naseNtshonalanga Asia. Lesi sitshalo sinegama laso ngendlela yezimbali ezifanayo ngqo nethimble, kuyilapho ku-botany kuyisiko ukuyibiza nge-digitalis. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-35 zalesi sitshalo. Isetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa, ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Imvamisa ikhuliswa abalimi njengezinhlobo zonyaka. Ingasetjenziswa njengomuthi, kepha ekujuleni okukhulu inobuthi futhi iyingozi.
Kuyadingeka ukunaka lokhu lapho utshala, ikakhulukazi uma ukuba khona kwezingane kungenzeka engadini.
Incazelo nezici ze-digitalis
Iziqu zesitshalo se-herbaceous ziyaphawuleka ngenxa yobulukhuni bazo, zikhula zibe yi-1.5 m ukuphakama. I-perennial ayinazinqubo ezilandelanayo, ngenkathi amahlamvu we-petiole, ikakhulukazi oyindilinga, ahlanganiswa abe yi-rosette. Amacembe anemibala eluhlaza okotshani anempumuzo ebabazekayo, akhula aze afike ku-30 cm ubude, aze afike ku-10 cm ububanzi. Uhlangothi lwesithunzi lumbozwe kakhulu inqwaba, iqabunga licwebezela futhi liqhakaze ngaphezulu. Ngokubukeka, i-digitalis ifana nesihlahla. Emvelweni, ama-digitalis angatholakala emahlathini, emigodini naseziphethweni zamahlathi, phakathi kwezinye izihlahlana.
Ehlobo le-digitalis, kuvela i-inflorescence enezimbali ezinhlobonhlobo ngesimo se-brashi, esakhiwa izimbali ezimise okwentsimbi.
Amathunzi aqala kokubomvu abe mhlophe, kuthiwe ophuzi nawo ayatholakala. Kwesinye isikhathi i-pharynx ihlotshiswe ngamachashazi. Imbewu encane ivuthwa ngemuva kokuvunda. Isitshalo esisodwa siletha imbewu engaba yizigidi ezimbili, futhi ukuhluma kwazo kuthatha iminyaka emi-3.
I-Purple, i-kurpnotsvetkovaya nezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-digitalis
Ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ze-digitalis, izidalwa ezi-4 kuphela ezigcwele emgqeni ophakathi nendawo.
Ukugqwala
Le nhlobo ifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-120 cm futhi imbozwe ngamahlamvu oblong. Ama-inflorescence awo aminyene kusuka ezinsimbi akhula aze afike ku-15 cm ubude futhi enze ifomu lamagagasi eliseduze nomphetho. Inkomishi ibukeka njenge-orchid, imvamisa ayikho ngaphezu kuka-4 cm. Izimbali zenzeka ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Ama-petals aphuzi anephethini elipinki, kanti i-pharynx iyinhlangano yegolide ngaphakathi. Ukubukwa kubhekwe kakhulu ngezimpawu zayo zokuhlobisa.
I-purple (onsomi)
Lesi sitshalo se-biennial sifanekiselwa iziqu ezi-deciduous, hhayi eziphakeme kune-1.5 m. Kukhona ama-pubescence amahlumela engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ama-inflorescence ngesimo sendawo yokuxubha avame ukuqhakaza, awulingani ngokulingana, akhiwa ngezimbali ezingadluli ku-13 cm lilinye. Ama-petals anemibala ehlukene asakazwa amachashazi amnyama. Le nhlobo yavela eNtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho lesi sitshalo sitshalwa khona ngentshiseko. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ezinjengalezi: ezinamabala, amabala amakhulu ne-gloxinidae.
I-inflorescence itholakala zombili ngokungathandani kanye ne-pyramidal. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezikhulile:
- Alba Ama-petals amhlophe, angambozwa amachashazi amnyama.
- Mirabelle. Ama-inflorescences afakwe imibala eminingi, izithunzi ezipinki.
- I-Excelsior. Le hybrid ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,8. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimbali zayo zakha ukuvunguza.
- I-Peloric. Izimbali zalolu hlobo zinkulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo, zitholakala ku-peduncle kufinyelela ku-1,8 m ukuphakama.
Izimbali ezinkulu
Ikhula ibe ngu-1,2 m ukuphakama, ifana nesihlahla ukubukeka kwayo. Iziqu zinesembozo esinzima se-fleecy. Amashidi anwetshwe emaphethelweni abukhali, akhula aze afike ku-25 cm ubude aze afike ku-7 cm ububanzi.
NgoJuni, ungabuka ibhulashi elivuliwe ngenhla kwesiqu, lithelwe ngezimbali ezincane. Zidwetshiwe ngemibala ephuzi, nengaphezulu elingaphezulu limbozwe yi-pubescence. ICorolla onqenqemeni ihlukaniswe ngamaphilisi ama-5. Kutholakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eRussia nase-Ukraine.
Woolly
I-perennial encane ikhula ibe ngu-80 cm ukuphakama. Izimbali ezincane, uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Amaqabunga aluhlaza aqoqwe endaweni ethengisa emhlabathini ephansi kusuka phansi kwenhlabathi. Ngasohlangothini lomjondolo zihaqwe yi-cilia. Maphakathi nehlobo, ibhulashi embozwe izinkomishi ezinezindebe ezimbili iyavula, imvamisa ifana nesimo sephiramidi. Imbali imhlophe, futhi njengoba isuka kude nonqenqema, imbozwe ngephethini elinsundu eyenziwe ngamathafa. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo, okulandelayo kuvame kakhulu:
- Tapsi. Izinsimbi ezisebhulashi zikhulu, zipinki futhi zibomvu;
- UMerton. Isitshalo sokuqala sokuqhakaza, esingabonakala kakade entwasahlobo, izimbali zinombala opinki.
Iqhakaza ngoJulayi, futhi ubude bezimbali abukho ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-2. Inezinzuzo zokwelapha. Kwenzeka e-vivo ikakhulukazi eMoldova.
Ukukhula kweDijithali kusuka Enhlanyelweni
Indlela elula, efaka izigaba eziningana, ingaphansi kokusakazwa kwe-vegetative kuphela ngejubane.
Ukutshala izithombo
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi kufanele kufake lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:
- Ukungena emanzini, okudinga ukushintshwa njalo ngamahora ayi-6, ngenkathi sonke isikhathi sokungena akufanele singeqi isonto eli-1;
- Ukusabalalisa imbewu phezu kwenhlabathi elungiselelwe;
- Fafaza ngesihlabathi esincane;
- Ukufafaza ngesivuseleli sokukhula;
- Ukumboza isitsha nge-polyethylene noma ingilazi;
Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele zishiywe amasonto ama-2 endaweni emnyama efudumele.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Kwi-digitalis, izithombo zokuqala zivele sekwephuze kakhulu, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga angama-2-3, kuyadingeka ukutshala isitshalo. Umthamo awudingi ikakhulukazi - inkomishi izokulungela ukuhlukanisa ngakunye noma isitsha esijwayelekile. Lapho utshala ndawonye, kubalulekile ukunakekela ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ezingama-cm ayi-10. Izithombo azithobeki, kwanele ukukunisela njengoba kudingeka, kukhulula inhlabathi ngokucophelela, kuvikele okusalungiswa futhi kuhlele ukukhanya okukhanyisiwe. Amaviki ama-2 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, kuyadingeka ukwenza inqubo yokuqina, eyenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Kufanele uthathe lesi sitshalo usise kuvulandi imizuzu emi-5, inqobo nje uma kungekho kwezulu, futhi isimo sezulu sifudumele;
- Phinda inqubo nsuku zonke, kancane kancane ukhulisa isikhathi se-digitalis emoyeni omusha.
Ukutshala engadini kungenziwa ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sisebenzise usuku lonke ngokuphepha ezimeni zangaphandle.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile
Kuyo yonke inkathi yentwasahlobo, i-digitalis ingahlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekuqaleni.
Okokuqala kubalulekile ukulungiselela inhlabathi kahle: udinga ukugaya ngokucophelela, ukukala bese uyinikeza isikhathi esanele sokuphamba okuqhubekayo.
Lapho uhlwanyela, kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga elingama-30 cm phakathi kwemigqa, ngenkathi ukujula kokushumeka kungafanele kudlule ku-2 cm.
Fafaza imbewu etshaliwe ngenani elincane lomhlaba. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, kuvunyelwe ukumboza izithombo nge-lutrasil. Ibanga elivumelekile eliphansi phakathi kwezitshalo emgqeni owodwa ngu-10 cm.
Izinsuku zokutshala izithombo emhlabathini
Izithombo zitshalwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kugxile kwikhalenda lenyanga le-landings. Kuvunyelwe phambilini, kepha kufanelekile ukuthi ucabange ukuthi isiko elincane ngeke likwazi ukusinda lapho kubuyelwa khona amafriji. Inhlabathi kufanele ifudumezwe kahle, futhi okungenani amaqabunga ayi-5 kufanele akhule ezitshalweni.
AmaDijithali kufanele ahlwanyelwe endaweni evulekile futhi enokhanyayo, noma kunjalo, izimbali zingakhula ngokujwayelekile emthunzini oyingxenye. Izindawo ezitholakala eduzane nezitshalo ezinqumayo azilungile, ngoba inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo ezinjalo inyuka ngokweqile ngokugcinwa kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-digitalis ayizukufa, kepha ayinazimbali.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubamba i-Digitalis
Izidingo ezingezansi:
- Ukuqina
- Umsoco
- Ukuvunyelwa kwamanzi, isb. Akukho ukushuba komswakama.
Ukhula nokumba kwenziwa okokuqala, futhi kuze kube ngaphansi kwama-cm angama-30. Emva kwalokho, inhlabathi ivundiswa nomquba ngommbila ongu-5 kg nge-1 m2.
Lapho ufaka, awukwazi ukubhubhisa inhlama yobumba yesitshalo, ngoba izimpande zintekenteke kakhulu. Ngemuva kokutshala, qiniseka ukuthi wenza umhlabathi futhi uwunisele kakhulu. Musa ukulinda ukuqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, ngaleso sikhathi lesi sitshalo sizokwakha irosette kuphela.
Ukunakekelwa kwedijithali kwangaphandle
Isitshalo sidinga ukuchelela kuphela ngenkathi eyomile. Ngemuva kokuthambisa ngakunye, khulula inhlabathi ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwe-digitalis izimpande zomhlaba. Izikhathi ezingaphezulu kwezikhathi ezimbili kumele zondliwe ngomanyolo wezimbiwa, zisetshenziswa kanye nokunisela. Ukwenza ngcono ukuhlobisa, kuyadingeka ukugqashula kuma-inflorescence asevele akwazi ukuqhakaza, kanye nokubuna.
I-Digitalis ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukutshala nokunakekela okufanele kuqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle kwama-digitalis nokuqhakaza okufika ngesikhathi, kepha ngemuva kwalokho akufanele ungakunaki ukunakekelwa kwama-perennials.
Ngenxa yendawo ephezulu yohlelo lwezimpande, kunethuba eliphezulu lokudalulwa kwezimpande ngokwengxenye. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sekwindla, i-digitalis kufanele ifafazwe ngesendlalelo esincane somhlabathi.
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa impela ziphawuleka ngokumelana kwazo emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kepha-ke, uma iqhwa elincanyana leqhwa liwela ebusika, lesi sitshalo sengozini yokubanda. Ngeke kube yinto engenamsoco ukugcwalisa ukuphuma nge-sawdust noma ngamahlamvu. I-Shelter ebusika ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-digitalis amancane.
Imbewu ingaqoqwa ngemuva kokuvuthwa ngokuphelele kwezinsimbi zembewu, okufanele zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukuqhuma. Okokuqala, imbewu kumele yomiswe egumbini elinomoya omuhle, bese idluliselwa kwisitoreji esikhwameni sephepha bese lishiywe endaweni emnyama, eyomile.
Ukusakazwa kwemvelo ye-Digitalis
Ukuzala okunjalo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo ze-basal. Okokuqala udinga ukususa imabhulashi asevele eshabalale futhi esenonile, ngenkathi ungakwazi ukuthinta ama-inflorescence aminyene - awusizo ekuqoqeni imbewu. Emavikini lamatsatfu ngemuva kwalokhu, ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezilungisiwe, amahlumela ezimpande azohluma. Isisekelo ngasinye sezimpande sizothola amapuleti amaqabunga angama-7-8, okumele asuswe ngokucophelela futhi atshalwe kabusha. Amahlumela azokhula aqine aze awe futhi azokwazi ukubekezelela ubusika obuzayo. Lesi sitshalo esincane sizothola ama-peduncle futhi ngeke siqhume ngaphambi kwesizini ezayo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Powdery Mildew I-fungus isakazeka ngesivinini esikhulu emoyeni, kanye nangamanzi okunisela nangamathuluzi. Lesi sitshalo esithintekile siphuziwe, siphekeke bese siyafa. Ngezimpawu zokuqala zesifo, kufanele ususe izingxenye ezithintekile, bese welapha ngokushesha nge-fungic digitalis. Uma lesi sifo singaqediwe esigabeni sokuqala, khona-ke ezigabeni ezilandelayo, isitshalo vele asikwazi ukusindisa.
Ukubola kwezimpande. I-digitalis ethintekile kulokhu kugula kufanele ichithwe ukumisa ukuqhubeka kokusabalala. Lapho-ke indawo lapho isitshalo esinamila ikhule khona kudingeka ukuthi iphathwe ngesikhunta.
Ukubuka kweqabunga. Kwenzeka emaqabungeni naseziquleni ngenxa yomsebenzi wamagciwane ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kunguphawu lokufa kwendawo ethintekile. Lesi sifo sithinta izitshalo ezincane nezivuthiwe. Lesi sifo siholela ekuweni kwamaqabunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukomiswa kwawo kanye ne-deformation; yenza buthaka ukungatheleleki kwe-digitalis.
Izinambuzane. Lesi sitshalo sithinteka ekuhlaselweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-aphid, ezithwala izifo ezahlukahlukene. Kulula ukususa inkathazo ngokuphatha i-digitalis ngesibulala-zinambuzane.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: ukulimala nezinzuzo zama-digitalis
Phambilini odokotela basebenzise i-digitalis ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene, ezisetshenziselwa ukubulala izifo ngezifo zesikhumba, kanye nokuhlanza umzimba ngokuqunjelwa. Kodwa-ke, lapho isilinganiso esithile sedijithali sidlulwa, umuthi wabangela isicanucanu, isifo sohudo, futhi saholela ekufeni.
Ekhulwini le-XVIII, imbali yaqala ukusetshenziswa emithini yendabuko, ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni izifo zenhliziyo. I-Digitalis njengamanje isetshenziselwa uku:
- Qinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi;
- Jwayela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi emisiphani nezicubu;
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kweHemodynamic;
- Ukulwa ne-cardiosclerosis, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-tachycardia;
- Ijwayelekile ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
Ngisebenzisa i-digitalis woolly njalo kunabanye njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zemithi. Ama-organic acid, ama-glycosides ahlukanisiwe nalo. Amahlamvu achotshozwa afakwa esimweni sikafulawa, oyingxenye yomuthi. Umuthi ohlukile ubhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-tinctures avela kuma-digitalis.
Zonke izinhlobo zama-digitalis aqukethe ubuthi, obuyingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuba uguqukele ekuzenzeni ngokwakho ngalesi sitshalo. It is contraindicated ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezinhlungu ezingapheli zamaphaphu nezenhliziyo, abahlushwa i-tachycardia esiswini, kanye nasezinganeni ezincane nabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kungadala ukuqubuka, ukulunywa, ukugabha, izimpawu eziningi zobuthi bokudla, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, ukuqunjelwa emzimbeni wonke, nezinye izimpawu ezifanayo. Ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, i-anorexia, ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso sokudla nokubukeka kwama-hallucinations kungaqala ukukhula.
