Ukwandisa inani lezinhlobonhlobo ezingavamile zama roses kuma-flowerbeds abo abatshali bezimbali basebenzisa ukusika. Le yindlela enhle yabaqalayo, ithembeke kakhulu kunokuxhunyelelwa noma ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngokuhlelwa.
Akuzona zonke izithombo ze-rose ezima kahle ngokulinganayo. Lo mbhalo uveza izindlela zokusika izimpande ngempumelelo ekhaya. Zingabizi, zilula futhi azifanele izimbali zasendle kuphela, kodwa nezipho ezethulwe ngendlela enqunywayo.
Ukukhethwa kwama-roses wokusika
Ukuthola iphesenti le-rooting ephezulu, ukukhetha kwezinto zokutshala kumele kube okulungile. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo eza izimpande kahle.
Okulula ukujwayela lapho kuxhunyezwa:
- Ukugibela, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezimbali ezincane.
- IPolyanthus ne-hybrid-polyanthus zikhiqiza kahle amahlumela aluhlaza ehlobo, futhi ziqiniswe ngokwengxenye ekwindla.
- Isembozo esingaphansi.
- Miniature izimpande kalula ngisho nangamanzi.
- Izinhlobo zeFloribunda zingena ezingxenyeni zamacala.
Izinkimbinkimbi yilezi:
- ipaki;
- izimbali ezinkulu eziqhakaza izimbali;
- izihlahlana;
- iningi itiye hybrid.
Ukusikwa okuphumelelayo nakho kuncike kumbala wembali. Okufanele kakhulu yi-burgundy, ebomvu, endaweni yesibili i-pink and white. Kunzima kakhulu ukusiphula ophuzi, banesilinganiso esiphansi sokusinda sezinto zokutshala futhi kungenzeka kakhulu kunokuthi abanye bafe ngenxa yezifo.
Ukuvuna ukusika
I-Shank kufanele ibe maphakathi nobukhulu nokuqina. Umuntu oneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala uhlangabezana nama-adaptha amakhulu aphakathi isikhathi eside futhi angaqala ukubola lapho ehamba emhlabathini ovulekile. Emincane, imvamisa ebomvu, nayo iyalahlwa ngenxa yokubamba kancane kwe-midzi. Abanaso isikhathi sokukhula ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokubanda nokubanda ebusika.
Imvamisa kunezinketho ezi-3 ezilungele ukusikwa kokusakazeka:
- Isiqu - into evame kakhulu ukutshala.
- I-Lignified - minyaka yonke enobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-0.4-0,5 akhule ngokwanele futhi anamathele ekukhuleni. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyimpande entwasahlobo.
- I-Semi-lignified - ukusikwa kwenziwa ehlobo, ingxenye esemaphakathi ye ihlumela isetshenziswa.
Uma kunezinhlobonhlobo noma ezihlahleni olulodwa esakhiweni, ungazama ukusika amahlumela ngesiqu esisodwa. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo ezibuthakathaka ezingalungiselelwe ubusika zingakhula kuzo. Inketho enhle kakhulu yi-2-3odeode, futhi kuma roses aphuzi kungcono ukushiya ama-4 noma ngaphezulu.
Nazi izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokulungiselela ukusikwa:
- Ubude besibhakela okungenani buyi-10-18 cm.
- Ukusika okungenhla kwenziwa, noma kwenziwa ngakwesokunene, kusuka eshidini kuya ekuphakameni okungu-0,5-2 cm.
- Ukusuka ngezansi, ibanga elifanayo ukusuka ezinso lilinganiswa, kepha udinga ukulinquma engxenyeni yama-degree angama-45 ngommese obukhali wokuthungwa.
- Khipha izipikili kanye namaphayiphu amaqabunga aphansi. Ubude obuphakathi be-trim half. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama ngaphakathi kwisithombo.
Izilimo eziphekiwe kufanele zifakwe emanzini, lapho ungangeza khona izidakamizwa zokufaka i-midzi, isibonelo, i-Hetrauxin. Ngenhloso efanayo, kusetshenziswa ikhambi lezinyosi: 1 tbsp. thatha i-1 tsp. uju kanye namaqabunga athile asikiwe we-rose. Uketshezi kudingeka luguqulwe njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2 nezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, kuzovela uphawu olunqanyulwayo olungezansi - i-callus.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombo singatshalwa embhedeni wezimbali noma ulinde ukuvela kwezimpande ezinde.
Okubi ngale ndlela ukushoda komoya-mpilo wentuthuko efanele endaweni yasemanzini futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubola.
Ezifundeni ezinobusika obubandayo, izihlahla ezitshalwe zisetshenziselwa ukusika iqhwa kusendlalelo eyomile enomoya omuhle, zambiwa endaweni eshisayo esihlabathini. Izinga lokushisa elilungile liyi + 1 ... +3 ° C kanye nomswakama 65-70%. Kwesizini elandelayo, amahlahla amancanyana asele ebusika endaweni evulekile.
Isikhathi ukusikwa kwama roses
Isikhathi sokusika sincike endaweni yesimo sezulu, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zama-roses kanye nezimpawu zokwakheka kwamahlumela awo. Ngenkathi efudumele, ukutholwa kwezinto zokutshala kanye nengcambu yazo kungenziwa kabili. Lokhu kuphakathi kwentwasahlobo: ngo-Ephreli-Meyi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Imfuneko yamaroses athile angenisiwe, aqala ngokutshalwa kuma-greenhouse, abese ekhule endaweni evulekile.
Isikhathi esihle sokuzalela siphakathi nehlobo: ukuphela kukaJuni - ukuqala kukaJulayi, lapho amahlumela esanda kuqala ukuqina. Imvamisa yile nkathi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali, lapho iqhakaza lithola upende. Ama-cutways asetshenziswe kamuva anephesenti le-rooting eliphansi.
Imvamisa ngemuva kokugunda izinwele ekwindla, kunezingxenye zamabhushi aphonswe ngokudabukisayo futhi abalimi bazama ukuzilondolozela ukutshala kwentwasahlobo okulandelayo. Ukuvimbela okokuqothula iningi lamahlumela oludingayo:
- Susa wonke amapuleti eshidi nezikhafu.
- Faka izindikimba ngopharafini ukuvimbela ukuhluma kwangaphambi kokuzalwa.
- Gcina ukusikwa endaweni epholile: ingaphansi, egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba noma egumbini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi.
Ukusika ama-rose ehlobo
Ukuzithwala okusikiwe amahlumela ehlobo kulula ukwedlula ekwindla. Banesikhathi esanele sokuzivumelanisa ne-flowerbed yabo ekhethiwe futhi balungiselela ubusika. Izilimo ezithathwe kamuva ziyabekezelela isithwathwa esibi kakhulu. Isikhathi esifanele sokusika nguJuni, futhi ukufika phansi kungenziwa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi.
Izimbumbulu zivunwa ngendlela echazwe ngenhla, futhi zingatshalwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izithombo zokugcina izithombo noma izindlu ezishisayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ukhethe isiza ngaphandle komoya onamandla nelanga elikhanyayo.
Inketho enhle kakhulu ingukukhanya okudlulisiwe okungena ku-flowerbed ngokusebenzisa imiqhele yezihlahla. Umhlaba kufanele ukhululeke futhi udlule umswakama kahle.
Izimbumbulu zijule zijule emhlabathini nge-engile, zimbiwe. Okokuqala, kwakudingeka i-greenhouse eyenziwe ngezitsha zepulasitiki ezivela phezulu; izimbiza zeglasi nazo ziyasetshenziswa. Uma inani elikhulu lama roses litshaliwe, khona-ke okuluhlaza okuncane kwenziwa ngezinsimbi zokhuni ne-polyethylene. Izithombo azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kudingeka kuphela ukuthambisa okufika ngesikhathi.
Ebusika, izitshalo ezincane zimbozwe izimbiza noma i-hotbed, engasuswa kuphela ngenkathi elandelayo - entwasahlobo.
Ukusika kwama roses entwasahlobo
Ukuze kusetshenzwe kahle kwentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukwenza abamba ukushisa ngomhlabathi olungiselelwe ngaphambilini: kusuka ku-turf neqabunga lomhlabathi, isihlabathi, umlotha kanye ne-vermiculite engxenyeni: 2: 2: 1: 0.5: 0.5. Ubude bengxenye yesitshalo esisikiwe: cm cm.
Lapho utshala, kuyadingeka ukufafaza ingxenye engezansi yesithombo ngesikhuthazo sokukhula bese uyijula ​​emhlabathini ngo-cm ongu-7 000. Uma usigubha ngokujulile, kuzonciphisa ukwakheka kohlelo lwezimpande. Amahlumela kufanele abe kude kuka-7-8 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Isikhathi esibaluleke kunazo zonke izinsuku ezingama-15 - 20 ngemuva kokutshala. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukunqunywa kanye nemibandela yokuthuthuka:
- Ukunisela ngokulingana, uketshezi olwedlulele luzoholela ekubolweni.
- Umswakama ophezulu 80-90%. Amapuleti eshidi kufanele ambozwe ngamaconsi amanzi, ngoba lokhu ungasebenzisa ibhodlela lokufafaza.
- Ukuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, nomoya oshisayo, umoya omncane uyadingeka ekuseni nakusihlwa.
- Ukuhlolwa ngokuphelele kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo noma ukubola.
Ngemuva kokuvela kohlelo lwezimpande, ama-rose angashintshwa afakwe kwesinye isitsha esinobukhulu obungu-9 ukuya ku-121. Ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokudonswa kwamanzi, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesigcawu esiphakeme ngo-3-3,5 cm kufanele lube yisihlabathi.
Izindlela ezingejwayelekile zokukhula kwama roses kusuka ku-cutways
Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukubamba imbala. Nazi eziphumelela kakhulu:
- emanzini;
- ukusebenzisa amazambane;
- Indlela yeTrannoy;
- burrito;
- esikhwameni sepulasitiki.
Ukutshala ukusika kwama roses kumazambane
Indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokusuka kwe-rose rose isezingeni lamazambane. Endaweni ekhethiwe yelanga, evikelekile ekubhalweni, bhala umgodi ojulile cm 15. Ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini, phansi kwawo kufanele kugcwaliswe ingxenye yesithathu ngensimbi yesihlabathi egeziwe. Cwecwa ama-tubers amancane emehlweni abo bese ufaka izingcezu ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili ezingama-20 cm kwizimbobo ezenziwe. Faka amazambane emhlabathini kude ne-15 cm kusuka komunye nomunye bese umboza inhlabathi ngo-2/3. Ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-3-4, izitshalo kumele zimbozwe ngezimbiza zeglasi.
Usizo lwale ndlela ukuthi umsiki ophansi uhlala esimweni eswakanyisiwe futhi ngenxa yamazambane, i-rose ithola umsoco nesitashi.
Into esemqoka ukungakhohlwa ngokuchelela okuhleliwe futhi kunyise inhlabathi njalo ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngamanzi amnandi: 200 ml 2 tsp. ushukela. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14-16, qala ukwenza lukhuni, bese ususa isikhashana isikhashana. Ngemuva kwamanye amasonto ama-2, amathini angasuswa ngokuphelele.
Ukusika kwe-midzi emaphaketheni
Umphumela we-nebula nomswakama ophezulu utholakala kalula ngenye indlela, usebenzisa iphakheji. Kuyadingeka ukubeka i-sphagnum moss, ngaphambili oswakanyiswe ujusi we-aloe ohlanganisiwe, kwisilinganiso se-1: 9 noma i-substrate yegciwane. Ngemuva kwalokho faka i-polyethylene, ibophe bese uyixhoma efasiteleni. Ukuvela kwezimpande kuzokwenzeka ngezinsuku ezingama-30-31. Ngemuva kokusika udinga ukuthola futhi utshale emabhodweni.
Indlela yeBurrito
Le ndlela isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabatshali bezimbali e-United States futhi idumile eRussia. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukususa ama-roses athengiwe. Kodwa-ke, akuyena wonke umuntu okuthatha njengesebenzayo.
Ukukhethwa kwezihlahla zokusika kuza ngokuthena kwentwasahlobo, futhi amahlumela amaningi avame ukuthunyelwa kudoti angaba ngamabibi amahle e-rose ngokuzayo. Umehluko wabo oyinhloko kusuka kwezinye izinto ezikhethiwe zokutshala obukhulu, akufanele babe mncane. Umhlahlandlela ungaba ipensela noma umunwe, ubude kufanele bube okungenani yi-15-20 cm. Kubalulekile ukwenqaba zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinesiphene noma kumnyama kumnyama ekuqaleni kwezigaba zokulungiselela. Lokhu kuwuphawu lokubumba futhi isiqu esisodwa esithintekile singathelela wonke umuntu omunye.
Ingxenye engezansi yamahlumela alungiselelwe ifafazwa ngeKornevin noma iphathwe no-Epin, bese ifakwa ephepheni elinomswakama ifakwe esikhwameni. Esikhundleni sephepha, ungasebenzisa indwangu. Babekwe endaweni epholile enamazinga wokushisa we- + 15 ... +18 ° C amasonto amabili, lapho izimpande ezincane kufanele zakhiwe.
Kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7, isigaxa kumele sivulwe futhi sibhekwe ukuthi kukhona isikhunta noma izithombo ezimnyama, nazo ezisusiwe. Lapho womisa, iphepha linganyiswa kancane. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-callus, ama-roses athuthelwa embhedeni wezimbali ukuze akhule futhi azivumelanise nezimo.
Indlela yeTrannoy
Le ndlela iqukethe ekukhetheni ukusikeka ngemuva kwegagasi elikhulu lokuqhakaza izimbali. Ochwepheshe baphakamisa ukuthi bakhethe amahlumela wezitshalo ngama-roses aqothulayo namapuleti amaqabunga amabili futhi anqume engxenyeni ephakathi ngamahlumela okuvuvukala, kuze kuvele amaqabunga kuwo. Into esemqoka ukungaphuthi lo mzuzu. Ukusika ubude hhayi ngaphansi kwama-20 cm. Yonke imifino idinga ukunqunywa, kushiya umbhangqwana engxenyeni ephezulu.
Tshala ngasikhathi sinye endaweni ekhethiwe izingcezu eziningana emgodini ngama-degrees angama-45. Phezu kweqembu ngalinye udinga ukubeka imbiza yepulasitiki engu-5-lit, enentambo enqunywe umlomo. Lokhu kuyisivikelo esithembekile sokutshala impahla kumaqoqele wodwa, yize kuvela amaqabunga, kanye namahlumela amasha. Ukuze unikeze izimpande umoya-mpilo, umhlaba ozungeze okutshalekile kufanele ukhululwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ngokunisela.
UMnu Summer ohlala kule ndawo uyancoma: ama-roses avela esixukwini
Imvamisa, inkinga enkulu uma usika izimbali eziqhamukweni ngukutheleleka emhlabathini noma kusiqu uqobo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo ngokunenhlonipho, sebenzisa ummese noma ama-secateurs abukhali abolile, bese usebenzisa umuthi okhethekile wezitshalo.
I-rose ekhethiwe ukubamba imbala kufanele ibe yintsha, ibe nesiqu esiluhlaza ngokufana ngaphandle kokukhipha mnyama, isikhumba ngaphandle kokulimala kanye nemifantu. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi, udinga ukulungisa isitshalo: unqume imbali yezimbali nezimbali ezingasadingeki.
Yenza uketshezi lokugcobhoza. Thela i-1.5 tbsp esitsheni. amanzi bese uthelela ipakethe elilodwa leFitosporin neKornevin. Owokuqala uzovikela lesi sitshalo ezifweni ezingamagciwane, owesibili uzosiza ekwakheni uhlelo lwezimpande. Kumaroses asekelwe kahle, umthamo ungancishiswa. Faka isiqu esisikwe ekhoneni kusixazululo bese ugcina okungenani amahora angu-1.5-2,5.
Lungisa imbiza yenhlabathi, uthenge insiza ekhethekile esitolo, ushayele endaweni engadini lapho le rose kuhlelwa ukuba ibekwe khona. Emhlabathini, yenza ikhefu lesibambo bese ubeka ithebhulethi yeGliocladin ngaphambi kokumba. Le antibiotic yemvelo izosusa izifo ezingaba semhlabathini. Gxila ihlumela, ushiye amahlumela amabili ngaphezulu, uthele nekhambi elisele ekulenceni ukusika. Ukusuka phezulu, ungamboza ngebhodlela lepulasitiki elitshaliwe, uligxilise emhlabathini.
Nsuku zonke, lo abamba ukushisa ebhodweni kumele asuswe ihora eli-1 ukuze umoya wakhe ukhule. Phinda le nqubo yansuku zonke kuze kube yilapho rose isuka nezimpande. Kulula ukuthola ngamahlamvu avela emacansini. Udinga ukugcina isitsha esisevulweni noma kwi-loggia, ngaleyo ndlela usilungiselela ukuhambisa engadini. Kungcono ukudlulisela endaweni enaphakade kanye nesigaxa sobumba kusuka ebhodweni. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwesithombo nokuphumula: kuzodinga indawo yokuhlala kabili ebusika.
Ukukhula nokwandisa ama-roses kuyinqubo ethokozisayo nethokozisayo, ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukahlukene umhlaziyi wezimbali noma ongumqali azitholele inketho efanelekayo. Ukuqaliswa okunembe nokunemba kwemiyalo yendlela ngayinye kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe cishe noma iyiphi i-rose oyithandayo bese uyityale embhedeni wezimbali.
