I-Forest violet noma iViola (evela eLatin Viola) iyimbali enesizotha, intekenteke futhi enhle yezindawo zasenyakatho ezilandelwayo. Imithombo ehlukene ichaza ngezinhlobo ezingama-500 kuye kwezingama-700 zalesi sitshalo sasendle somndeni kaViolet. Zikhula ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Nenkabazwe ezindaweni ezinomoya obanda kakhulu.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiMpumalanga Afrika. Ngokokuqala ngqa embukisweni, uViola wakhonjiswa ngonyaka we-1893. Kusukela lapho, ukukhethwa kwezamasiko sekuqalile.
Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala eNyakatho Melika naseJapan. Kepha i- violet yasendle iyakhula e-Andes, e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe - Amapani - zivame kakhulu eRussia.
Utshani bama-violets amahlathi ngamanye bunezokwelapha.
I-Forest Violet Incazelo
Lesi sitshalo sihlala iminyaka eminingi, siphansi, siyabuna. Amabhasi ahlanganisiwe kuze kufike ku-15 cm ukuphakama. Ama-rhizomes ahlanganiswe unyaka nonyaka anikeza amahlumela amasha, lapho kwakhiwa khona ama-rosette amasha amaqabunga. Ikhophi elilodwa lingakhula eminyakeni emibili futhi lihlale endaweni eyi-1 m2.
I-violet ayinaso isiqu, amaqabunga mancane futhi ayindilinga enkulu, enenhliziyo enomzimba, kuya ngohlobo, aqoqwe ku-rosette. Iqabunga eliphansi lamaqabunga likhulu ngokugqamile kunaphezulu. Ebusika, amahlamvu awafi, ubusika eqhweni. Ukubhekana nesithwathwa kuyabasiza ukuthi amaqabunga angama-pubescent kakhulu phezu kobuso bonke.
Izimbali zinemibala emihlanu, zinemibala ehlukahlukene, zinhle kakhulu. Incane - ifinyelela ku-1.5 cm ubukhulu. Abanye banephunga elimnandi, elimnandi futhi elimnandi. Iphunga linamandla ekuseni nasekuseni kusihlwa. Alisho neze iphunga emlilweni.
Umbala ususela kwesibhakabhaka onsundu obomvana nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuya kofiyane no-lilac. Ingaphakathi ikakhulu izithunzi eziphuzi ezimpunga ezimhlophe.
Amahlathi ama-violet aqhakaza ngo-Ephreli, lapho amaqabunga amancane engakaveli. Izimbali zihlala kuze kube uSepthemba. I-Viola yasendle isebenza njengesitshalo soju, kepha yona ngokwayo ayidingi impova evela ngaphandle. Okusatshalaliswa ngotshani.
Ekwindla, ibhokisi lezithelo elinembewu emincane, emanzi, emswakama.
Izinhlobo Zodlame Lamahlathi
E-Russia, ku-vivo kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20:
| Isihloko | Ukukhula | Incazelo yezimbali | Isikhathi sezimbali |
| I-Tricolor (Amapayipi) | Ehlathini nasemaphandleni - emhlabeni olimekayo, ezingadini zemifino, njengotshani bokhula. | Amacembe aphezulu amabili aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, angaphansi amathathu amhlophe, umongo uphuzi. | Meyi - Septhemba |
| Inja | Emaphethelweni, ngokudubula okuncane okungafuneki nasensimini. | Encane, ngisho eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. | Meyi |
| UMash | Izindawo ezimanzi - hhayi nje amaxhaphozi kuphela, kepha namahlathi amakhulu, anezikhukhula. | Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ocishe abe mhlophe ngemithambo emnyama. | Meyi - Agasti |
| Insimu | Amasimu, ama-glade amahlathi, umngcele wehlathi, umgwaqo oseceleni komgwaqo. | Ifana neTricolor, kepha imhlophe, incane enomlomo ophuzi ophuzi. Ukuphakama kufike ku-30 cm. | Ephreli - Septhemba |
| Okucwebile | Ihlathi | UViolet, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onephunga elimnandi elimnandi. | Ephreli - Meyi. |
| Altai | Imithambeka yezintaba. | I-Violet-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enendawo yokuphuzi. Ukuphakama kufike ku-20 cm. | Kusukela ukuphela kuka-Ephreli 40-45 izinsuku. Iphindwe ngoSepthemba kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala. |
| Okuphuzi | Inhlabathi evundile yama-sparse, amahlathi anomoya omuhle. | Luhlaza ophuzi, uqhakazile. Ngasemuva kwamaphayini kukhona imichilo ebubende. | NgoJuni - Julayi. |
| Umgqumeni | Emahlathini akhanyayo, emithambekeni evulekile, ngaphansi kwezihlahla. | Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngezikhathi ezithile i-lilac, elimnandi. Okukhulu, ku-peduncle ende. | Meyi - Juni. |
| Yenziwe | Isiphelo seSiberia. Kwezinye izindawo ezingatholakali. | Umbala onsomi okhanyayo, onomusa, ophakanyiswe ngaphezu kwesihlahla. Zifana ne-cyclamen esesimweni. | NgoJuni - Julayi. |
| Isi-Aetolian | Izindawo ezinelanga, inhlabathi evulekile, izihlalo ezinamadwala. | Amacembe aphezulu angenhla aphuzi, ophansi ungowolintshi. | Kusukela ngoMeyi nalo lonke ihlobo. |
| I-Dubravna (intaba) | Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, ezansi kwezintaba zaseCaucasus, eningizimu yeSiberia. | Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okufana nezimbali zama-warts wezinja, kepha kukhulu, futhi isiqu siphakeme - kufinyelela kuma-25 cm. | Meyi - Julayi. |
| Iqabunga peach (ichibi) | Kuyivelakancane enkabeni nakwezinye izindawo zaseSiberia. | Ama-peduncle amade, izimbali ezincane zombala omhlophe wama-Milky omhlophe obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. | Meyi - Juni. |
| Okuhlosiwe | Uhlobo olunqabile olukhula kuphela ezintabeni zeCaucasus. | Ama-blooms kakhulu ngezimbali ezincane ezinsomi, eziqoqwe ku-inflorescence-spike yezingcezu ezingama-20. Kuyinto emnandi, kepha ayisho iphunga eliningi. | Kabili - entwasahlobo nasekwindla. |
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kanye nokunakekelwa kwe-violet yehlathi
Imbewu imila emavikini amathathu ngemuva kokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingatshalwa entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Kusetshenziswa imbewu esanda kuvunwa, ngoba ngonyaka olandelayo balahlekelwa ukuhluma.
Ungakhula imbewu nezithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha inhlabathi evamile eshidi, engeza isihlabathi, i-peat kanye ne-humus encane kuyo. Beka ama-achenes amancane alula ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi evulekile bese ufafaza kancane. Lapho-ke indawo iyanyiswa futhi imbozwe ifilimu.
Ukuphela kwento ezodingeka ngemuva kokuba imbewu isemhlabathini ukunisela nsuku zonke nomoya omncane kuze kuvele izithombo.
I-Field violet isakazeka kalula ngembewu. Ukuzalela ihlathi kulula futhi kushesha ngokumba ama rosette aqhakaze amaqabunga. Kwenze emva kokuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, izitshalo zingahle zingabi nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande.
Bamba isihlahla esidala bese ukhetha ama-rosette amasha ngezimpande, ezizosebenza njengokutshala izinto. Izitshalo ezinkulu zitshalwa eyodwa ngasikhathi, izihlahla ezincane - ezimbili ngasikhathi. Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo lingama-20-30 cm.
Ngakho-ke, kakade ngonyaka wesibili, ihlathi le-violet lizaqhakaza engadini noma ngaphansi kwefasitela.
Inzuzo yesitshalo ukuthi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Ubusika bemvelo basendle buthule ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, engamelana nesomiso. Ikhetha izindawo ezinomthunzi engadini, kodwa ingakhula ezimbizeni ezinelanga, uma ungakhohlwa ukuyinisela.
Ama-viola asakazeka kahle futhi azenzele. Kulokhu usizwa izintuthwane zasengadini, ezisusa imbewu endaweni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngokufakwa okujwayelekile kwe-humus noma kumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Kepha lesi nje isitshalo esingcono ukuzondla kunokuba sidakwe ngokweqile. Ukuze kube nokubangwa okungcono, ukukhula okuncane kufakwe ndawonye nge-humus ekhanyayo.
Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, izimbali ze-viola ziyabola, kepha ukuqhakaza kudala. Akakuthandi ukuthungwa kwamanzi enhlabathini - uqala ukulimala. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni eziphansi kungcono ukungayikhulisi.
Isimo sezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo siyasizakala emithambekeni emnene nasezintabeni ze-alpine, lapho kukhula khona ama-violets ehlathini ukuze akhe ukhaphethi ogelezayo.
Kufanele sizilungiselele ukuthi isitshalo singagcwalisa ngokwaso ngaphezu kwendawo esabelwe yona. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuzodingeka ukususa amahlumela ngokunamathisela noma ukuthena, njengamadevu anama-sitrobheli engadi.
Izifo Zezihlahla Zasehlathini
Isitha esibi kakhulu se-violets ukugula.
| Izifo, izilokazane | Izimpawu | Izimbangela, amagciwane. |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Izimpande ziyabola, bese kuthi isiqu namaqabunga. Isitshalo siyafa. | Isikhunta sePathogenic esingaba semhlabathini isikhathi eside sisesimweni esomile. Isifo se-fungal senzeka ngokushisa okuphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Kuthuthukisa indawo enomhlabathi we-acid. |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Ukugoba okumpunga okumpunga ezingxenyeni ezingenhla - ama-peduncle kanye nemigqumo yembewu. | |
| I-Powdery hlobo | I-Plaque yombala omhlophe ngesimo se-powder kumaqabunga nezimbali. Kuvame kakhulu ekuqaleni kwehlobo. | |
| Ukugqwala amabala | Amabala ansundu ezingxenyeni eziluhlaza zezitshalo. Iyaphuma. | |
| Smut | Ukuvuvukala kwamaqhubu ku-petioles kanye namaqabunga, kugcwele uketshezi olumnyama. | |
| Umlenze omnyama | Isifo sezithombo kanye nezithombo. Isisekelo seziqu siyamnyama, amaqabunga aqine. Ukufa kwenzeka ngosuku lwe-3-4 | |
| I-Phytophthora | Ingena nge-pestle, noma izimpande ezondile. | |
| Ukuhlukahluka | Amaqabunga aba imibala ehlukahlukene, yomile, yomile futhi ife. | Igciwane Izinduna zithwelwe. |
| Ukukhala kwendandatho | Izindandatho zombala oluhlaza omnyama emaqabunga, kulandelwa yi-necrosis. | |
| I-Clover scoop (Umama weparele) | Amathiphu amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe. Ukhula kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi ngesikhathi sokudla kwama-larval. | Izibungu zenundu elinamaphiko angeqi ngamasentimitha ayi-4,5. Iwolintshi enamagqabha amnyama, amaphiko esiliva naphambi komhlane. |
| Nematode | Izingxenye zasemoyeni noma izimpande ziyathinteka, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zegciwane. Izitshalo zicindezelwe, zisele ngemuva ekuthuthukisweni, ukuhlobisa ukuhlobisa. | Ama-parasites - umoya nomhlaba nematodes (sitrobheli, inyongo). |
Ukulwa nezifo zama-warts zasendle kunzima kakhulu. Imvamisa, lonke ipulazi liyafa. Uma izinhlobo zinqabile futhi kungeke kwenzeka ukusibuyisela, kusamele uzame ukusindisa lesi sitshalo.
Susa izingxenye ezinesifo, izitshalo ezonakalisiwe zichithwe. Kwabasindile, bafafazwa ngezidakamizwa ezikhethekile ze-antifungal, kufakwa umquba we-potassium-phosphorus.
Isicelo emithini yendabuko
Isitshalo ngamanani amakhulu aqukethe amafutha abalulekile, i-flavonoid, amavithamini A, C, E, amafutha, i-carotene. Ngenxa yama-alkaloid aqukethe kuwo, anobuthi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele isetshenziswe emithini yasekhaya ngokuqapha. Kuzoba ngcono ukubonana nodokotela.
I-Forest violet isiza ekwelapheni izifo eziningi ngemithi yabantu
- I-antipyretic.
- Isigaxa se-decoction ngokuvuvukala.
- Kukhuthaza ukususwa kwesikhohlela endaweni yokuphefumula.
- Upholisa ikhanda.
- Inomphumela wokugaya.
- Inempahla yokuhlanza amagciwane.
- IHemostatic - kwabesifazane abanezinkinga ngemuva kokubeletha kanye nokuya esikhathini.
- I-Antiallergenic, isiza ngokuhlukahluka ezinganeni.
- I-Antirheumatic (ngesimo samakhompiyutha)
Ku-aromatherapy, iphunga lama-violets lithambisa izinzwa, lize lisize nge-excitability, hysteria, kanye nokuxhuga. Kwandisa ubungqabavu nokungavikeleki.
Kwi-cosmetology, uwoyela we-violet usula imibimbi, uphulukisa ukuqhekeka nezindebe ezihlanganisiwe. Ekugxilweni okuphezulu, ukukhishwa kwama-violets kunobuthi. Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa amalungiselelo asuselwa kuma-warts ngokuqapha futhi ungafinyeleleki ezinganeni.
