Igama elithi rhododendron lihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini njenge-rosewood. Wathola leli gama ebonga imbali yakhe efana ne-rose.
Incazelo yeRhododendron
I-Rhododendron ingeyamalungu omndeni we-heather, okubandakanya ama-evergreens agcina noma aqine amahlamvu ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, izihlahlana nezihlahla. Okudume kakhulu futhi kuvamile ama-azaleas akhule ngaphakathi ezindlini, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo.
Ikhula esifundeni esisezindaweni eziphansi nasendaweni enomusa yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe, yize itholakala naseningizimu. E-Russia, izinhlobo eziyi-18 ziyaziwa ukuthi zivamile eCaucasus, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Zikhula ngazinye noma ngamaqembu akha ama-thickets, ezintabeni noma ngaphansi kwezihlahla ehlathini, emsugwini noma e-tundra. Indawo kufanele ibe nomthunzi futhi ibe nomswakama, kepha amanzi asemhlabathini awagxili. Umoya omanzi.
Izinhlobo ze-rhododendron ziyahlukahluka ngokuphakama (kusuka ku-10-20 cm kuye kuma-30 m) kanye nosayizi wezimbali (amaningana ama-mm nangaphezulu kwama-20 cm). Amacembe alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi anemiphetho ehlukene. Izimbali ze-bisexual ezine-whisk yemibala ehlukene: ulamula, upinki noma onsomi-onsomi. Bahlanganiswe ama-inflorescence alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi ayivelakancane eyedwa. Izithelo zimelelwa ibhokisi elinezimbobo ezinhlanu, elivula phansi. Imbewu ifana nenduku ka-0.5-2 mm. Izimpande ezincane eziningi zitholakala ebusweni. Ukukhula kancane kuyimpawu. Ingasakazwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
I-Rhododendron isitshalo esinoshevu esiqukethe i-andromedotoxin. Le nto kuqala ibe nomphumela ojabulisayo, bese icindezela, iholele ekufeni. I-Bark namaqabunga aqukethe ama-tannins.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Rhododendron
Izinhlobo zeShrub zivame ukuthi kutshalwe engadini.
Buka | Incazelo yeShrub | I-Leaf | Imbali |
Enqenayo | |||
| Daursky | Okuphakathi nendawo enamagatsha amakhulu. Izimbali zokuqala. Amagxolo anombala wensimbi, onsundu obomvana obomvana ngombala onswidi omncane. | Elongated, luhlaza, ekwindla - ulamula. 5 cm | I-Lilac pink ngesimo se-funnel. |
| Kamchatsky | Miniature ngesimo hemisphere. I-Dwarf. | Okukhulu, okuvoid. 5 cm | I-carmine ekhanyayo. I-inflorescence yama-3 ama-pcs. enobuso obuhle kakhulu. |
| Canadian | Iphansi, ihlanganisiwe kufika kumamitha ayi-1. Ukusonta, amagatsha aqinile aqinile. | I-Elliptical, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. | Ipinki ne-lilac. Izinsimbi ezisikwa kakhulu zifana nenundu. |
I-Evergreen | |||
| Caucasian | Izilobo ezinwabuzelayo zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. | Oluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, obushelelezi ngaphezulu futhi enoboya ezansi. | Amakhafa, aphuzi anamachashaza aluhlaza noma amhlophe. Isimo se-Bell. 8-12 ama-pcs ibhulashi |
| USmirnova | Amagatsha amasha anama-pubescence amhlophe amancane, amadala - amagxolo agrey. kufika ku-1-2 m. | Oblong-elliptical 8-10 cm. | Okuhlosiwe ngendlela yensimbi. |
| Adams | Amahlumela ayi-0.5 m. Amahlumela aqhamuke nge-glandular nap. | I-ellipse ephakeme, inqunu ngenhla, ngaphansi kwesilinganiso. Ujinja. | Izinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi epinki. Ama-inflorescence we-thyroid ama-7-15 ama-pcs. |
| Omncane | Muhle, ubumbekile. Amagatsha amancanyana aqinile, amadala - insimbi. Iqondile noma iyakhasa. 0.5-0.6 m. | I-Oblong-lanceolate. | IGolide 3 cm. |
I-Rhododendron Landing
Ukuze i-Rhododendron ikhule esizeni, kubalulekile kuye ukuthi akhethe indawo efanelekile, alungiselele inhlabathi futhi afeze ngokufanele ukutshala nokunakekela. Izinhlobo ezinamazinyo adinga ukukhanya okuningi, futhi ama-evergreens adinga umthunzi. Zonke zidinga indawo yokukhosela emoyeni, futhi ebusika iqhwa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzitshala eduze kwezakhiwo, uthango noma izitshalo ezinde. Izihlahla ezinesakhiwo esifanayo sohlelo lwezimpande: i-birch, i-spruce, imaple nezinye azifanelekile njengomakhelwane. Zingakhula eduze kwezithombo ze-oki, zikaphayini nezithelo: izihlahla zama-apula, amapheya, ama-cherries.
I-Rhododendrons ithanda inhlabathi evundile, ene-acidic (4,5-5,5 pH), enikeza ngokukhululekile ukufinyelela komoya namanzi (hhayi ukulibala). I-sandstone kanye ne-loam zenziwa zikhulu ngokungeza i-peat, umquba, izinaliti zikaphayini, amagxolo.
Amabheshi atshalwa ngeminyaka yobudala engama-2-3 abe ikhefu elingama-30x30 cm, asebekhulile - ku-60x40. Ngaphansi kwakudonswa amanzi ngaphansi kwezitini eziqhekekile noma amatshe amakhulu, ngaphezulu - inhlanganisela ekhethekile yomhlaba, i-peat, izinaliti eziwohlokile, isihlabathi, umquba (umquba) ne-moisten kahle ukuze ixazululwe. Izimpande zesitshalo zibekwa emanzini futhi zigcinwe kuwo kuze kube yilapho isidonsela umoya. Izinga lokujula lingama-3-4 cm ngaphezu kwempande. Ngemuva kokutshala, umhlaba uyanyiswa futhi uhlanganiswe nokwakhiwa kwe-peat, isihlabathi kanye namagxolo apayini ahlanganisiwe.
Ukunakekelwa kweRhododendron
Nakekela isitshalo, ulandela imithetho:
- Amanzi ngesisekelo sezulu kanye omiswe inhlabathi. Ekuqaleni kwentuthuko, ukuthambisa okwenele ngamanzi athambile kuyadingeka: ehlobo - amabhakede angama-1-1,5 ngesitshalo ngasinye esivuthiwe amahlandla ama-4 ngenyanga, ekushiseni kaningi. Lapho kubanda kakhulu, kuvame kakhulu - njalo emavikini ayi-1.5. Thela amanzi e-acidified (i-10-15 g ye-oxalic noma i-citric acid nge-10 l).
- Bondliwa ngamanyolo wezimbiwa. Entwasahlobo ukuvuselela isitshalo nokuqala kokuqhakaza kwayo. Ehlobo, ukusheshisa ukukhula kwamahlumela nokubeka ama-buds ngonyaka olandelayo. Ekwindla (ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen) - ukulungiselela ubusika.
- Sika entwasahlobo, ususe amahlumela omile nanesifo. Ungafinyeza lawo magatsha aphula ukwakheka kwesihlahla. Izimbali ezincolile zidatshulwa, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sibukeka singcolile. Kuyadingeka ukuqondisa amabutho ekukhuleni kwamagatsha nezimbali ezintsha.
- Kudluliswa kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Kungcono ngaphambi kokugeleza kokuthambisa - entwasahlobo, kamuva - ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali noma ekuqaleni ekwindla, ukuze uqine ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika.
- Isitshalo esinobusika obunzima, kepha isikhathi sokubanda kungcono ukusimboza.
Ukuzala
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuzala: ngembewu, ukwahlukanisa isihlahla, ukusikwa kanye nokusikwa.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokungaxutshiwe ezitsheni ezigcwele inhlanganisela emanzi ye-peat (heather) yenhlabathi nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso 3: 1. Ngomthelela wokugcina ukushisa, amboze ngengilazi noma nge-cellophane bese ufakwa ekukhanyisweni. Isilinganiso sansuku zonke, nisela futhi ususe i-condensate. Amahlumela azovela ezinsukwini ezingama-30. Kutshalwe izithombo kwesinye isitsha ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili (scheme 2x3 cm). Engadini - iminyaka emi-2, nangaphambi kwalapho atshalwe khona abamba ukushisa. Izimbali zizovela eminyakeni eyi-6-8.
Engxenyeni yesiqu (ngamasentimitha ayi-5-8) ngokhuni olungavuthiwe namahlamvu, kulungiswa isiqu. Amaqabunga aphansi ayakhudulwa futhi ancishiselwe kwikhambi elivuselelayo lesigamu sosuku. Bese beyinamathisela emhlabathini (i-peat nesihlabathi 3: 1), kusuka phezulu - imbiza noma iphakheji ukuze izimpande zikhule (izinyanga eziyi-1.5-4), emva kwalokho udinga isitsha esinomhlabathi (izinaliti zika-peat nezikaphayini 2: 1). Ebusika, zibekwe egumbini elino + 8 ... +12 ° ะก futhi ligcwele ukukhanya. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo badlulisela engadini, baye kwisiza sokugcina - ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2.
Kulula ukusabalalisa ngokwenza izingqimba: igatsha eliguqukayo ligxotshwe epanini (amasentimitha ayi-15), lihlanganiswe ngocingo futhi lumbozwe ngenhlabathi. Ingaphezulu liboshwe esigxotsheni. Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile. Ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, ungahlukanisa nesitshalo esikhulu nokufakelwa.
Hlukanisa isihlahla sibe yizingxenye ezitshalwe ngokwahlukana. Ngonyaka, kuzovela amagatsha amasha, kuqhakaze nezimbali.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Uma kungekho imvula ekwindla, khona-ke i-Rhododendron kumele yengezelwe. Esikhathini sezulu semvula lokhu akudingekile. Ngaphambi kukaDisemba, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela lesi sitshalo ebusika: ukumboza izimpande ngesendlalelo se-peat, ezindaweni ezinobusika obubandayo - ngaphezu kwalokho sebenzisa i-burlap futhi ubopha ngentambo, ungenza uhlaka ngezinto zokumboza. Kususwe ngemuva kwesembozo seqhwa, ngosuku olufiphele.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Rhododendron isengozini yokuhlaselwa ezinye izinambuzane nezinye izifo ezithile.
Inambuzane | Izimpawu (kumahlamvu) | Izinyathelo zokuvuselela (ukufafaza) |
| I-Rhododendron bug | Amamaki amancane amhlophe. Ngezansi - amaqanda ezinambuzane (ansundu). | I-Diazinon. |
| Ingadi yaseKhrushchik asian | Izimbobo ezakhiwe ngokungajwayelekile noma imisele kuphela. | |
| I-Mealybug | Isimo esingajwayelekile. Ukufa. | Karbofos. Izikhathi eziningana. |
| I-Furrowed weevil (ukugunda okubunjiwe) | Imiphetho yonakele, amagxolo asondele empandeni ahlanganisiwe. | I-0.3% karbofos emulsion, yokunisela i-0-0-0.3%. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, kusetshenziswa u-0.1-0.15% we-Bazudin noma i-diazinon neFuradan. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Ngezansi kwewebhu elincanyana. Umbala uyinsimbi onsundu. Ndiza ngapha nangapha. | I-Agravertine, diazinon. |
| Isilima silime | Ngemigodi kuvela ngokushesha okukhulu. | I-0.8% TMTD. Ukuqoqwa kwezinhlobo zabantu abadala. |
| Ukujija okumnyama | Izimbobo ezimpunga ngenhla, zimnyama - ngezansi. Umthunzi wensimbi, othulula. I-inflorescence imbi. Intuthuko iyancipha. | 0.2-0.3% i-nicotine. I-0,2% emulsion ye-malathion. |
| Umvukuzi onamaphiko amancane | Ingaphezulu lenile. Zisontwe zibe yishubhu, yomile, icwebile futhi ibambile. | Ukufafaza noma ukugcwala ngesibabule. |
Ngaphezu kwezilokazane, ama-Rhododendrons atholakala ezifweni ezithile.
Ukuboniswa emaqabungeni / izimpawu | Izifo / izimbangela | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Uyazi Ukugoqa, ukomisa ukuphuma. Izimbali zibuthakathaka. | I-chlorosis exubekile. Awekho amabhethri anele. Amanzi aqinile, inhlabathi eminyene ezungeze uhlelo lwezimpande noma isiphenduke i-alkaline. | Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar ngosawoti we-iron we-sulfuric acid 7.5 g / l, magnesia 6.5 g / l. |
| Amabala abomvu, agoqa ishubhu, ayoma. | I-Sulfuric acid usawoti noma i-ammonium nitrate. Potrateum nitrate. | |
| Brownish ngaphezulu. | INecrosis. Yehla ngamazinga okushisa emvelo. | Ukukhosela. |
Icala ngalinye lesifo lidinga ukusungulwa kwezimbangela nokuqedwa kwazo.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwe-rhododendron
I-Rhododendron isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amasayithi, kepha inezici eziwusizo ezithole ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezijwayelekile nezendabuko. Ukuba khona kwe-Vitamin C, andromedotoxin, i-ericoline, i-arbutin ne-Rhododendrin kunqume ukusetshenziswa kwayo:
- asize ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, izinhlungu;
- uzoba nomphumela wokuthula futhi we-bactericidal;
- yehlisa ukuvuvukala;
- khipha uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni;
- yehlisa ingcindezi.
Contraindication: ukukhulelwa, ukondla ingane, isifo sezinso kanye ne-izic necrosis.
Kuhle ukwenza ukwelashwa ngokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Lokhu kuzovikela emiphumeleni engacelwanga noma ukufa, okungenzeka ngoba izinhlobo eziningi zinoshevu.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: indlela yokukhulisa i-Rhododendron kulayini ophakathi nendawo
Abalimi abaningi bezimbali engxenyeni esemaphakathi neYurophu yeRussia (isifunda saseMoscow, isifunda saseLeningrad) bafuna ukukhulisa i-Rhododendron. Lokhu kungenzeka uma ukhetha umbono ofanele. Izinhlobo ezilwa neqhwa nezinhlobonhlobo kufaneleka kakhulu:
- Izinhlobo ezinqobayo: IJapan, ophuzi, iSchlippenbach, iCanada, iKamchatka.
- I-Semi-evergreen Ledebour.
- I-evergreen Ketevbinsky kanye nzalo yayo, enezithelo ezimfishane, igolide, iSmirnova.
- Izinhlobo ezinobusika obunzima: I-Elvira, i-Hague, iMikkeli.
- Ama-hybrids of the Pink Lights, Light Spice, Northern Light Rosie Lights nabanye.
Ngemuva kokukhetha okuhlukahlukene, ukutshala kwenziwa ngokwemithetho:
- indawo itholakala 50 cm kusuka kwezinye izitshalo;
- inhlabathi ekhethekile enomanyolo oyimbimbi wamaminerali;
- usayizi womgodi weqa impande izikhathi ezi-2;
- drainage ungqimba 15 cm;
- isiqu asidonswanga enhlabathini ngaphansi kuka-4-5 cm;
- hydration ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukunakekelwa kunezici ezithile:
- inhlabathi ayinazo izinto ezenza inhlabathi idunge;
- Mulching liyadingeka;
- ukuvikela kwelanga (i-mesh, i-gauze, indwangu);
- ukuthambisa ngokulinganayo;
- ukukhula akwamukeleki uma kufudumele futhi kunomswakama ekwindla (ukufafaza ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-potassium sulfate noma i-potassium phosphorus);
- indawo yokuhlala yasebusika - i-lath ngesimo sendlu, embozwe izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe.
Uma umtshali ehlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zidingo, i-Rhododendron izokhula esizeni futhi ijabule ngokuqhakaza kwayo.
