Ukuqothula izaqathe akulula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo zemifino, kodwa le nqubo kufanele iphathwe ngokucophelela.
Imfihlo eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngemifino nge-weeding evamile nokukhululeka, kanye nokuchelela okufanelekile kwe-izaqathe - lokhu kuyoba yisihluthulelo sokuvuna okuhle.
Ukuphuza nini nemifino nini futhi kanjani
Kuze kube yilapho izitshalo zinezimpande ezinamandla, zidinga umswakama obuningi futhi azibekezelele ukungabi khona kwayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngoba izaqathe ezinamanzi ezinamanzi ezinomhlabathi zilimaza - ama-waterlogging aholela ekuboleni amahlumela amancane, futhi angafa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuphuza imibhede kaningi, kodwa ezinxenyeni ezincane, ukuhlola indlela umswakama oye wangena ngayo. Ngakho-ke, kunokwenzeka ukuthi uhlakulele izitshalo zonke izinsuku ezingu-4-5, ukuchelela kusuka ekutheni amanzi. Into eyinhloko ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana komhlabathi. Kanti, izaqathe zamanzi zidinga emva kokuncipha. Ukukhipha amahlumela angaphezu kwezinguquko kuphazamisa uhlelo lwempande zezitshalo ezisele, ngakho-ke ukuze kutholakale kahle emhlabathini futhi, badinga umswakama owengeziwe.
Inkinga enkulu ekuhlinzekeni kwamanzi ezindawo eziningi zamasimu yukuthi amanzi aphefumula emthonjeni, noma amanzi emthonjeni abanda kakhulu.
Uzoba nesithakazelo sokujwayelana nemithetho yokutshala izaqathe entwasahlobo.Lapho ukuchelela eshisayo, izimpande azikwazi ukuthambisa amanzi abandayo, futhi kuphela ukukhohlisa kokuthambisa kudalwe, futhi izitshalo zihlushwa ukungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo kuholela ekufeni kokusuka kwezimpande, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande nokubola nezinye izifo.
Ngakho-ke, amanzi avela emthonjeni noma emakholomu ngaphambi kokunisela kufanele atholakale emathonjeni - ibhayili noma ibhafu elidala, kuze kube yilapho sekushisa kakhulu, futhi ukusuka lapho uthathe ngamanzi noma uyipompe ngepompo.Kubalulekile! Emibhede ye-karoti akufanele idale ukwanda, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo ezikhulayo ngeke zithole umoya okwanele emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, umbhede onanqante kumele ukhululeke njalo.
Amanani okunisela
Indlela yokudla izaqathe ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile, cabanga ngezansi:
- Ukuzwela okukhulu kwezimo zomswakama yisikhathi sokuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwezitshalo zezimpande.
- Izinga elihle lemvula yemvelo (enikezwe ukusatshalaliswa komfaniswano ngesikhathi sokukhula) ukufeza imiphumela emihle - 400-500 mm.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngamasiko kungama-4000-4500 m3 / ha (ukufafaza kufika ku-5500 m3 / ha), ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphezulu kuJulayi no-Agasti.
- Ukuthola isivuno esikhulu, ama-68-74 m3 / ha asetshenziswa ngetoni ngayinye yokukhiqiza.
- Ukuguquguquka komswakama kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwezitshalo eziqhamuka ngenxa yokukhula kwamapiksi ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuphumula.
Ukusebenzisa umswakama nsuku zonke ngezikhathi ezikhulayo:
- Ukuhlwanyela, izithombo kanye nokuqala kokwakheka kwezitshalo zezimpande - 23-32 m3 / ha.
- Ukwakheka okukhulu kwezitshalo ezitshalweni ku-state of ripeness lobuchwepheshe - 35-43 m3 / ha.
- Isigaba sokugcina senkathi yokukhula -22-27 m3 / ha.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela
Uma kuhlwanyiswa izaqathe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu izohluma isikhathi eside futhi ngeke ikhule ngendlela efanayo, kodwa enhlabathini eyomile ngeke ihlume nhlobo. Uma inhlabathi isomile, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu okudingekile ukuyihlanza kakhulu, ukuthululela amanzi noma i-hose enesikebhe esikhethekile.
Funda indlela yokuhlwanyela izaqathe, ukuze ivele ngokushesha.Abanye balimi bashintsha amanzi ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate: le ndlela ayivumeli nje ukuhambisa umhlabathi, kepha ukuyibulala ngamagciwane ngokubulala izifo ezibangelwa izifo.
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela
Ukugqugquzela ukuvela kwezithombo ngokuntuleka komswakama wemvelo (okubaluleke ikakhulukazi ehlobo-ekwindla), ukuchelela okukodwa kuka 300-400 m3 / ha kwenziwa ngokufafaza, ukuchelela okuningana kwama-20-30 m3 / ha ekusizeni ukuchelela.
Uyazi? Kuze kube yikhulu lama-12, izaqathi eYurophu zazisetshenziswa kuphela njengezifuyo zamahhashi kuze kube yilapho amaSpain eqala ukukukhonza ngamafutha, uviniga nosawoti, futhi amaNtaliyane ayesebenzisa uju nge-dessert.Isabelo esengeziwe sokunisela ukuphuza senziwa ngokucabangela isimo sezulu, isimo semifino kanye nomswakama womhlabathi. Inani lokunisela lokufafaza lifinyelela ku-400-500 m3 / ha engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi ekhulayo, ukuchelela njalo ngevolumu encane (200-300 m3 / ha) kunomphumela omuhle.
Isikhathi esinconywayo sosuku sokunisela amahora okuhlwa. Amaqathi agcinwe, ayeke ukuchelela amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna. 
Ubiza izaqathe
Kungcono ukuphuza izaqathe ngokwendlela elandelayo:
- Kuyadingeka ukuba uchithe izaqathe kakhulu kakhulu futhi kaningi esikhathini sokuvela kwamahlumela. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube ngu-3-4 iziqu ezakhiwe.
- Lapho impande isivele iqalile ukuvuthwa futhi kancane ithululiwe, ungakwazi amanzi kancane kancane. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo, ulungise inani lemanzi kuye ngokuthi isimo somhlabathi. On amanzi enhlabathi enzima uzodinga okungaphezulu.
- Ukunisela ngokucophelela kufanele kuphathwe cishe phakathi no-Agasti. Lesi yisikhathi lapho impande ngenxa yokungalingani kokuchelela ingakha ukuphazamiseka.
Uyazi? Phakathi nempi, itiye isanqante livame ukufakwa esikhundleni esivamile. Futhi eJalimane, ikhofi yayilungiselelwe amasosha ezimpande ezomile ezitshalweni.
Esigabeni sokubunjwa kwezitshalo ezimpande
Ukuphuza izaqathe kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ukuthi kaningi kangakanani ukwenza lokhu, kufanele ubuze ochwepheshe ngaphambi kokutshala imifino kusengaphambili. Uma ngaphambi kokuba lesi sitshalo siqale ukutshala izitshalo, ukuchelela kwakunjalo njalo, kodwa ivolumu encane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuvama kwenhlabathi kuyanciphisa, kanti inani lemali elisetshenzisiwe, ngokuphambene nalokho, kufanele landa. Njengoba isanqante ikhula, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokulinganisa ngezinsuku ezingu-7-10, futhi umthamo womswakama kufanele ukhuphuke ube ngu-15-20 amalitha ngomitha wendawo ngayinye.
Umswakama kufanele ufinyelele ku-10-15 cm emhlabathini, kepha ungahlali.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngenxa yokungabi nomswakama, izimpande ziyoba ezincane, zikhuni futhi zingenasidingo, futhi uma ziningi, izinqubo ze-lateral zizokwenza kuwo futhi impande ephakathi ingase ife. Futhi kuyadingeka ukuba ucabange ukuthi ezinsukwini ezishisayo zelanga kuyadingeka ukuphuza imifino ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Uma ukwenza phakathi kwelanga, khona-ke umswakama uphuthuma ngokushesha emhlabathini, imifino ingaba ngaphezu kokushisa nokushisa. Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, khipha kancane inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa ukuvimbela ukwakheka kanzima futhi ukwandise ukuphefumula komhlaba. 
Izitshalo ezidala
Esikhathini lapho izimpande zenziwe ngokugcwele, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe ngokulingana, ngokulandelana, ukwandisa inani lamanzi elisetshenzisiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukunqwabelana komswakama kuzothinta kakhulu izinga kanye nokunambitheka kwesithelo: bangakha uhlobo lwezinwele nezinsimu eziningi ze-lateral.
Kodwa futhi akunakwenzeka ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuba yome, kungenjalo izimpande zingaqhekeka futhi zibe nzima.
Kuzosiza abalimi be-novice ukuthola ukuthi kakade bawasebenzisa yini izaqathe ezivuthiwe, kodwa masinyane sigcizelela ukuthi udinga ukuhambisa imibhede njalo, ukugcina isimiso esithile. Ama-karoti azwela kakhulu kwi-ingress yamanzi. 
Cishe amaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukuchelela imibhede kufanele imiswe ngokuphelele futhi imise kancane kancane inhlabathi ngaphambi kokumba izimpande. Ngakho kuyoba lula ukukhipha izaqathe, kanti izithelo ngokwabo zizogcinwa isikhathi eside.
Indlela yokuhlanganisa ukuchelela ngokugqoka
Uma ukhule kahle umhlabathi wokutshala izaqathe kusukela ekwindla, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule isivuno esihle sezitshalo futhi ngaphandle kokugqoka okungeziwe. Kodwa kusengcono ukwenza ukudla okungaphezulu kuka-2-3 phakathi nonyaka wonke okhulayo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokufaka umquba kanye nokudla izaqathe ensimini.Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ukugqoka kokuqala phezulu ngenyanga emva kokuvela kwamahlumela (isipuni esingu-1 se-nitrophoska ngamanzi angu-10 l), owesibili - amasonto amabili emva kokuqala. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, izaqathe zingasondliwa ngesisombululo se-potash umanyolo - lokhu kuyondla okwesithathu. Imifino yomsuka iyoba mnandi futhi ibuye ivuthiwe ekuqaleni.
Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi ekhulayo lapho uchitheka izaqathe, engeza ukumnika umlotha emanzini (1 litre lokumnika ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi), ngoba umlotha ungumanyolo ongcono kakhulu we-potash obanjwe yizo zonke izitshalo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlotha uvikela izitshalo ezifweni eziningi nezinambuzane. Ungakwazi ngisho kanye ngesonto ngaphambi kokuchelela imibhede karoti ngezinkuni umlotha.
Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ukuphatha ukudla kwama-carrot nge-solution ye boric acid (1 ithisipuni ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Kuyokwanela ukufeza okunjalo izikhathi ezimbili: phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo kwengxenye engaphansi komhlaba yemifino (isigamu sokuqala sikaJulayi) futhi lapho izaqathi ziqala ukuvuthwa (isigamu sokuqala sika-Agasti).
Kubalulekile! Kuyo yonke inkathi, kanye ngenyanga, sebenzisa umanyolo wamanzi kusuka enambuzane, umquba noma umquba emhlabathini, ukuxubaniswa nama-carrot amalungiselelo. Ukweqisa ngokweqile lesi sitshalo akuthandi, isibonelo, kusuka kokudlula kwe-nitrogen, ingaba yinkinga futhi ayinambitheki.
Okuyingqayizivele yokunisela emhlabathini we-mulch
Le nqubo ithatha ingxenye yokunisela nokuphumula, njengoba indawo yokukhosela inhlabathi ifaka isandla ekulondolozeni umswakama, ukuthuthukiswa kokushisa, ukubhujiswa kwamokhula, ukukhiqizwa kwezinsizakalo ezincane nokukhulisa ukuzala. Uma ukuhlanganiswa kungenzi uhlobo lokukhipha inhlabathi ngakho-ke akukho sidingo sokukhulula. 
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, umhlabathi we-mulch ugcina umswakama okhiqizayo ophindwe kabili kunomhlabathi ngaphandle kwe-mulch. Njengoba inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe ikhululekile kakhulu, ingaphezu kokuswakama kwamanzi futhi igcina umswakama owengeziwe ngemuva kwemvula nokuphuza. Uma kuhlanganiswa, inhlabathi ayifuni ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezishisayo, futhi igcina ukushisa ezinsukwini ezibandayo nobusuku.
Kubalulekile ukuphuza kunokungavamile futhi kuningi, kunokuba njalo futhi kancane kancane. Kukhona inqubo yokunisela insimu, eyenzelwe ukutholakala isikhathi eside kwabalimi. Ukuvimbela umhlaba ukuba ungabe usuqeda ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, sebenzisa umanyolo wokunisela.
Kulesi simo, imifula kufanele ibe nomthambeko omncane, futhi emva kokuchelela okuningi kumele kuhlanganiswe, isibonelo, ngokhula olukhula ukhula. Uma uzokutshala inhlabathi ngemuva kokumisa okuhle nangaphambi kwemvula, kuphakanyiswa ukuba uphule kuyo ukuze amanzi angenele kangcono.
