Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo zama-pear. "Izintandokazi Yakovlev". Uzothola lonke ulwazi oludingekayo oluzokusiza ukuba utshale futhi ukhule lesi sihlahla sesithelo.
Pear "Izintandokazi Yakovlev", ulwazi jikelele
Ngaphambi kokutshala amapheya "Izintandokazi Yakovlev" udinga ukufunda incazelo emifushane yezinhlobonhlobo futhi ujwayele amaqiniso omlando ezithakazelisayo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe ngesisekelo sezinhlobo zeDaughter Blancova neBerggamot. Izinhlobonhlobo zaqanjwa ngamagama abo ngemuva kokuzibona - uP. N. Yakovlev. Ngemuva kokuzalana, ikhulile ngesilinganiso sezimboni. "I-Yakovlev eyithandayo" isakazwa e-Central, Central Black Earth nasezifundeni zase Middle Middle.
Uyazi? Igama elithi "eliphakathi" emithonjeni ebhaliwe litholakala kusukela ekhulwini le-XII ngokuthi "ikhasi". Ekhulwini le-XYII, esikhundleni se "pear" esetshenziswe igama elithi "dula" - okokuqala kolimi lwesiPolish.
Futhi, lolu hlobo lwepeyimu lukhulu ngokukhula emazaneni.
Umuthi ukhula masinyane, unomfanekiso womqhele we-pyramidal, okuvela kuwo amagatsha e-angi 90 °. Amagxolo we-pear awuhlaza. Izithelo zikhula phakathi, zibusheleleke ekuthinteni. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kunemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. (ekuvuthweni kwabathengi - ukuphuzi kwegolide nge-tan kancane). I-Fruit pulp ine-quince flavour, i-medium mass kanye namaseli amakhulu we-stony.
Izithelo pear "Izintandokazi Yakovlev" yakhelwe for universal ukusetshenziswa futhi aqukethe u-8.2% ushukela kanye no-8.4 mg we-ascorbic acid. Cabangela izinhlangothi ezinhle nezinhle zalezi zihlukahlukene.
Izinzuzo zihlanganisa:
- ubusika obunzima obusika;
- isivuno esihle;
- kahle ukunambitheka.
- i-rough fruit pulp;
- ukutholakala kwama cell stony esithelweni;
- ukhwaliti self-fertility (in the role of pollinator ukusetshenziswa "i-Duchess ehlobo").
Ngakho, ezihlukahlukene pear "Pet Yakovlev" has umzimba omkhulu ongenhla, amagatsha aqondile, unikeza isivuno esikhulu (cishe ngo-20-25 kg esihlahleni), okuvuthwa ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaparele ubuchwepheshe
Sihlolisisile okushiwo yizinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Izintandokazi Yakovlev", manje ake sixoxe ngakho ukutshala nokukhula.
Ukunquma umbuzo indlela yokutshala ikhasi "Izintandokazi Yakovlev", kudingeka ufunde imithetho eyisisekelo. I-pear engavumelekile itshalwe izonikeza isivuno esincane noma ngeke sinikeze nhlobo. Uhlaka lungaluqhakaza izimbali, umswakama ophezulu uzobangela ukubola, futhi ukungabi nokukhanya kungabangela izifo zezitshalo.
Ukufika kuyenzeka entwasahlobo (ngo-apreli) noma ukuwa (ngo-Okthoba). Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-drainage enhle nokuzala. Inketho ekahle kuyoba yindawo enhle e-loamy.
Kubalulekile! Uma isithombo sitshalwe enhlabathini yombumba, kufanele siqale ukuhlwanyelwa i-peat, engeza isihlabathi somfula ukuze sithuthukise amanzi. Lezi zenzo zenziwa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokufakelwa kokufakelwa kuqala.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Ukwenza isitshalo uzizwe ukhululekile indawo okudingayo ukukhetha ilanga, elivikelwe emoyeni wasenyakatho. Ungatshala umuthi ohlangothini oluseningizimu, ngemuva kwendlu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo banakekele ibanga elidingekile, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi ungaphazamisa isisekelo sakhiwo.
Futhi qaphela amanzi angaphansi komhlaba okuyinto akufanele aqambe amanga eduze. Umhlabathi esakhiweni sokutshala akufanele ube ngamanzi, ama-acidic noma ama-alkaline kakhulu.. Khetha inhlabathi e-subacid enekhono le-humus elingama-20 cm noma ngaphezulu.
I-patterning yokuhamba
Ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi uguguwe ububanzi obungama-70 cm nobubanzi obuyi-1 m. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isithombo kumele singcwatshwe emhlabathini kuze kube semgqeni wempande (ngakho-ke, lungisa ukujula komgodi ngokuya kwesimiso sezinsimu). I-Rasukuma phakathi kwezitshalo emgqeni kufanele kube okungenani u-5 m, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngamamitha ayi-6. Ngaphansi komgodi uthele u-5 kg we-humus noma umquba, u-5-6 kg we-sand sand (amaqhafu), 15 g we-superphosphate no-350-400 g wefulawa wama dolomite.
Sitshala lesihlahla bese sibeka isikhonkwane sokusekela (ukuze isiqu esincane singaqala ukugoba nokuguqula). Uma utshala, sebenzisa umhlaba ovundile. Ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezingenhla, i-pear ithululelwa ngamalitha angu-30 amanzi.
Yilapho amapheya atshalwa khona. Uma umuthi ungamukelwa kahle, sebenzisa amanzi afudumele ekunisela.
Indlela yokuphuza ikhasi
Ngemva kokutshala amapheya we "Izintandokazi Yakovlev" engadini yami, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokuphuza isitshalo.
Ukukhwabanisa kudinga ukuchelela okuningi ngenkathi ekhulayo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithanda indlela yokunisela imvula (uma umswakama uthola kuwo wonke umzimba ongenhla, futhi kuphela kufika ezimpandeni). Njengoba kunikezwe isitshalo somuthi omdala, akunakwenzeka ukuqhuba ukuchelela okunjalo, ngakho-ke, umgodla ongajulile onamamitha ayishumi kuya kwangu-10-15 ubukhulu kunomthamo we-trunk ugugule emhlabeni. Esikhathini sokudinga udinga ukuthulula ekuseni noma emva kokushona kwelanga okungenani amalitha angu-25 amanzi.
Kubalulekile! Omdala umuthi, amanzi amaningi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela (umuthi oneminyaka eyisikhombisa udinga ama-30-33 amalitha amanzi).
Umquba pear "Izintandokazi Yakovlev"
Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala, umuthi omncane udinga umanyolo we-nitrogen (50 kg ngehektare elilodwa). Ingxenye yokwenza ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kanye nengxenye - amasonto amabili emva kokuqhakaza.
Kubalulekile! Uma umuthi ukhula kabi, umthamo we-nitrogen fertilizer unganda.
Ehlobo, ukuchelela amapheya kuhlanganiswe nokugqoka. Ngendlela yokusetshenziswa komanyolo infusions eziphilayo, umanyolo wamaminerali, humus noma umquba.
Ukwenza izithelo zibophe kangcono, Umquba oqukethe i-boron ungasetshenziswa. Zilethe zona kanye ngaphambi kokuba ziqhume noma ziphakathi. Uma i-pear-resistant pear isagcwele amaqanda, i-foliar yokugqoka nge-0.5% urea isisombululo senziwa ngezigaba eziningana: iviki lokuqala - 2 ngemva kokusila, isibini - isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuqala.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla ezindala zisabela ngokuhlukile ekutshaleni. Uma ungenelisekile ngokuvuna, kungcono ukwenza izihlahla ezivuselelayo kunokuthi "ukondle" umuthi nge-humus namaminerali.
Imithetho ukusika pear "Pet Yakovlev"
Abambalwa balimi bayakwazi lokho Ukudubula okulungile kwesihlahla kungaveza okungaphezu kwamakhilogremu omanyolo osetshenzisiwe. Eqinisweni, ukusika izihlahla akusiyo kuphela ukuvuselelwa kanye nokwakhiwa okulungile kwesihlahla, kodwa futhi nokususwa kwamagatsha omile, abagulayo nalabo abonakalisiwe abaphazamisa isitshalo.
Ukusika izikhonkwane
Ukunciphisa umuthi omdala omisiwe kufaka phakathi ukuvuselelwa kwamagatsha, ukukhishwa kwamahlumela agulayo futhi omile, kanye naku ukwakheka komqhele okwehla.
Eminyakeni yesine nangemva kwalokho, umqhele wamapheya ugcinwa ngobukhulu obunqunywa uhlelo lokutshala.
Lapho ukusika izihlahla amagatsha owomile nesifo, amanye amahlumela endala, lapho kungekho khona ama-inflorescences, angaphansi kokususwa. Amagatsha asele ancishiswe kancane. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kunciphise ukukhula futhi kwandiswe ukwakheka kwe-efihlekile entsha.
Lapho ukusika izihlahla kudingeka ukususa amagatsha aphula "uhlelo" jikelele. Umqhele udinga ukwakhiwa kancane kancane ukuze ubungaki bamagatsha kube lula ukuvuna. Kulesi simo, umzila ophansi wehlumela kufanele ube mude kunaphakathi naphakathi.
Uyazi? Abanini bezandla balezi zamasimu beze ne-pear graft e-rowan. Ngenxa yalokho, i-hybrid yaba yinto engathobekile, kodwa izithelo azange zibe mnandi futhi zimile kakhulu, futhi ukunambitheka kwamapheya kwanikezela i-rowan.
Izitshalo zokudubula
Ukuze sikhule ikhasi elihle elivundile, kudingekile ukuba ufeze izihlahla zokuqala zesihlahla kanye nomuthi omncane. Uma utshalwa, wonke amahlumela ancishiswe yi-1/3 yobude obuphelele. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi uhambelana kakhulu futhi unomkhawulo. Isihlahla esilandelayo se-pear senziwa ngonyaka ngemuva kokutshala, ngoMashi. Susa amahlumela aphezulu, unciphise ukuphakama kwesihlahla kube ngu-90 cm.
Ngonyaka wesibili, wonke amagatsha aphansi kumele asuswe endaweni ephakeme ye-0.5 m, "umqhubi" uthatheke ku-35-40 cm ukusuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwesibhamu esingaphansi.
Ngonyaka wesithathu emagatsheni angenawo oshiya amahlumela afanekayo azothela izithelo (kufika ku-30 cm ubude). Amahlumela anamandla obude obukhulu anqunywa, ashiya amehlo ambalwa phansi.
Kubalulekile!"Intandokazi Yakovleva "idinga ukuguqula amahlumela endaweni ephakeme. Uma amagatsha efinyelela ubude buka-15 cm, abuyele emuva esebenzisa i-prishchepy. Lo msebenzi uwenziwa ngoMeyi noJuni.
Ukuvuna nokulondoloza izithelo
Ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko sabhala mayelana nokukhwabanisa nokuthengwa komthengi.
Ukuvuna ukuvuna yizinga lokuvutha ofuna ukususa isithelo sokugcina noma ukuthengiswa. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zivuthiwe endlini, futhi azifani nokuvuthwa esihlahleni. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba unwebe impilo yeshalofu yesithelo hhayi ekulimazeni ukunambitheka kwayo.
Ukuvuna komthengi - izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele esihlahleni okuyinto enambitheka kakhulu, kodwa ayiphikisana namaviki angaphezulu kuka-2-3 ngisho nasendaweni epholile.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvunwa kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nokusetshenziswa okuhloswe. Inketho ekahle kuyoba ukuqoqa izithelo ezingu-85-90% zezithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bese uwashiya ukuvuthwa nokugcina isitoreji, futhi konke okusetshenziselwa ukudla emva kokuvuthwa okugcwele esihlahleni.
Lapho izithelo zokuqala eziwile zivela, izinga lokuvuthwa kumele lihlolwe nsuku zonke. Ukuqoqa amapheya ukusebenzisa izikhwama ngesisekelo esitholakalayo.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, udinga ukuhlunga amapheya, Kubalulekile ukukhipha izibungu ezibolile, ezishaywe noma ezibhuqiwe.
Ukuhlanza kwenziwa kuphela endaweni esomile, uma kungekho umswakama ezitshalweni. Ngemuva kokuvuna, udinga ukususa zonke izithelo ezibolile esihlahleni ukuze i-pear ingaphumeleli lesi sifo.
Uyazi? Kwaze kwaba yilapho uColumbus ethatha ugwayi eYurophu, izakhamuzi zasezwekazi zibhema amaqabunga ezitshalo ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amapheya. Amaqabunga alo muthi ayethandwa kakhulu.Manje ujwayele leli phepha elithi "Intandokazi Yakovlev" futhi ayikwazi nje kuphela ngedwa yenza ukutshala komuthi kodwa futhi landela imithetho yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo, ukuwugcina uphilile futhi uthole isivuno esihle. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kakhulu kwamapheya, okudinga uthando nokunakekelwa kubanikazi babo, ukunikeza ngokubuyisela izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezempilo.
