Emvelweni wemvelo, kuvame ukubhekana nokuhlangana okubonakala sengathi akunakwenzeka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane noma izinyoni, izinambuzane nezitshalo. Omunye wabo, okungukuthi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezitshalo nezifungi, sicabangela namuhla: izimpande ze-fungus noma i-mycorrhiza yikuphi?
Uyazi? Amakhowe yizinto ezithakazelisayo zemvelo: zidliwa, zenza ukukhishwa kwemithi, zikhiqiza izimonyo. U-Yves Rocher ukhiphe uhlu lwezimonyo zabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi nendawo esekelwe ku-shiitake mushroom. Izinto ezisebenzayo zalezi fungi, ukungenelela emangqamuzaneni esikhumba ziwondla futhi ziphuthumise ukuvuselelwa.
I-Mycorrhiza - iyini
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-fungus iyini, udinga ukucabangela isakhiwo sefungus. Umzimba wesithelo we-fungus uqukethe i-cap kanye nomlenze, kodwa into ethakazelisayo kunazo zonke yi-hyphae noma imicu emincane, ehlangene ukuze idale i-mycelium (i-mycelium). Lesi sitho sefungus sisebenza kokubili kokudla kanye nokukhiqiza (ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu), kanye nokubunjwa kwe-mycorrhiza.
Iyini i-mycorrhiza? Lokhu nje kuyinhlanganisela ye-fungal mycelium nenqubo yezimpande zezitshalo. Izimpande zefungal kanye nezimpande zezitshalo zihlangene, ngezinye izikhathi i-fungus isungulwa ohlelweni lwezimpande zezitshalo, okwenzelwe ukubambisana kokubili kokubili.
Iyini i-mycorrhiza ngencazelo? Indawo yokuhlala yesikhunta ebusweni besimiso sezintambo noma ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpande zezitshalo eziphakeme. 
Ukuze uqonde kangcono umphumela we-mycorrhiza, cabangela izinhlobo zayo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-mycorrhiza: i-ectotrophic, endotrophic ne-ectoendotrophic. Esigabeni salo sokuphila, uhlobo lokuqala luyisiguli esiphezulu noma esiphezulu sezimpande yi-mycelium, uhlobo lwesibili lubonakala ukungena emathangeni okumpande, kanti uhlobo lwesithathu luhlanganisa ukuxuba.
Ngakho-ke, sathola ukuthi i-mycorrhiza in biology futhi manje siyazi ukuthi lolu hlobo lokubambisana luyisici cishe cishe zonke izitshalo: utshani, izihlahla, ezihlahla. Ukungabi khona kwe-symbiosis enjalo, kunalokho okungafani nemithetho ejwayelekile.
Izakhiwo ze-mycorrhiza zokutshala izitshalo
Ake sihlolisise ukuthi yiyiphi i-mycorrhiza nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi yayo ewusizo ezitshalweni. I-mushroom mycelium iyakwazi ukukhiqiza amaprotheni akhethekile, okuyizinto ezithandekayo emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mycelium iyagaya futhi iphule izakhi zomhlabathi emhlabathini, kusukela ezitshalweni zezitshalo kuya ezakhiweni eziphilayo nezingokwemvelo ezivela kuma-humus. Izimila ziyakwazi ukwamukela izakhi kuphela ze-humus, futhi lapha zinezincintiswano eziningi: yizimbewu nezinambuzane ezihlala enhlabathini.
I-Mycorrhiza - Lena symbiosis ezuzisayo yokutshala izitshalo nezifungi. Izitshalo zithola izakhi namanzi, futhi amakhowe athola ama-carbohydrate akhiqizwa izitshalo. Ngaphandle kwama-carbohydrate, isikhunta asikwazi ukwandisa futhi sikhule izidumbu zezithelo. Izitshalo zinikeza ama-carbohydrate angama-40%.
Indima ye-mycorrhiza emkhakheni wezitshalo ayikwazi ukuvezwa. I-Mycorrhiza iwanikeza ngamavithamini, amaminerali, ama-enzyme nama-hormone. Ngenxa ye-mycelium, isimiso sezimpande sesitshalo sandisa indawo yokumuncwa yezinto ezinenzuzo ezifana ne-phosphorus, i-potassium nezinye izinto ezishukumisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akusebenzi nje kuphela njengomhlinzeki wokudla, kodwa futhi uyayilungisa kahle.
Izimila zikhula ngokwengeziwe, ngesikhathi sezimbali zakha ama-inflorescence amaningi ngezimbali ezithelayo futhi, ngokufanele, ukukhula kwe-fruiting. Izimila zivimbela ukucindezeleka nezimo zezulu: isomiso, imvula enkulu, izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni. Amakhowe, ekwakheni i-mycorrhiza nezimpande zitshalo, enza njengabavikeli kwezinye izifo zalezi zinsuku, njengokuthi, fusarium noma ukulimala kwesikhathi.
Ngenxa yamandla ayo okugaya futhi aphule izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ze-humus, i-mycorrhiza ihlanza inhlabathi yezitshalo kusuka kusawoti kanye nama-acid amaningi.
Uyazi? Emvelweni, kunezifungulu ezidliwayo ezondla eziphilayo, izimpethu. Lawa amakhowe akhula i-mycelium ngesimo sezindandatho ezenza izicupho. Izindandatho zokuxhaswa zihambisana ne-loop uma isisulu siwela kuwo. Lapho kutholakala ama-prey twitches, isicupho siqine kakhulu.
Imigomo ye-Mycorrhizal
Ambalwa amakhowe awafaki i-mycorrhiza, ngoba le symbiosis ikhona kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwemifino emhlabeni. Ngeshwa, ezindaweni ezingasemadolobheni i-mycorrhiza ivame ukubhujiswa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwamakhemikhali, i-mycorhiza ifa futhi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa. Ngakho-ke, ukusiza izitshalo zabo, abalimi balomgomo.
Umuthi wokugoma waseMycorrhiza - kuyilungiselelo ngesimo se-powder noma i-liquid equkethe izinhlayiya ze-mycelium ephilayo yefungi. Ngemuva kohlobo lwe-inoculation yenhlabathi, amabhaktheriya e-fungus aqala ukusebenzisana ne-root system yezitshalo, ezakha i-mycorrhiza yemvelo.
Imithi yokugoma i-Mycorrhizal nayo iyathandwa kakhulu namuhla izimbali zasendlini, kukhona ukukhethwa okukhulu kwemifino, izitshalo zezimbali nezitshalo ze-herbaceous, kanye nezitshalo ze-coniferous njenge-hydrangeas, i-rhododendrons, i-heather ne-roses. Uma ukugoma kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlelo lwempande yemithi endala kakhulu lujulile futhi alufanelekile ku-mycorrhiza.
Kubalulekile! Umuthi wokugoma i-mycorrhizal ulawulwa kanye kanye nokuphila kwesitshalo, futhi isitshalo ngasinye sithinta futhi sifake i-mycorrhiza ngefungi ethile. Ayikho i-mycorrhiza efanelekayo zonke izitshalo.
Izici zokusetshenziswa kwe-mycorrhiza yezitshalo
Ukulungiselela i-Mycorrhiza kusetshenziselwa ukuchelela noma ukusifaza izitshalo, futhi ngqo emhlabathini. Uma ukugonywa emhlabathini, yenza izimbobo eziningana ezingajulile ngqo emhlabathini eduze nesitshalo bese uthele umgomo kuwo.
Abaningi banesithakazelo embuzweni othi "Yiziphi izitshalo ezingafaki i-mycorrhiza futhi ngamaphi amakhowe, le-symbiosis ayinakwenzeka?". Namuhla, kukhona izitshalo ezimbalwa ezaziwa kahle kakhulu ngaphandle kwe-mycorrhiza: lezi yizinhlobo zezilwane zomndeni waseCruciferous, i-Amaranths ne-Marevy. Amakhowe angenzi ama-mycorrhiza - izambulela, ama-mushroom ama-oyster, ama-champignon, izibungu zezibungu, amakhowe asendle.
I-Mycorrhiza kufanele isetshenziswe emva kokuvuna, okungukuthi, ekwindla. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, amakhowe enza i-mycorrhiza enezimpande zezitshalo zokulala, futhi imiphumela izobonakala entwasahlobo. Ngokungafani nezitshalo, amakhowe awawa e-anabiosis ebusika futhi aqhubeke esebenza. Uma usebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa entwasahlobo, isenzo saso esisebenzayo sizobonakala ngonyaka ozayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mycorrhiza kubalulekile lapho kudluliselwa izitshalo endaweni entsha noma engapheli emva kokuvuthwa kwezithombo. Isenzo sesidakamizwa sizokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwesitshalo futhi siphuthumise ukujwayela kwayo. Ngemuva kokugoma ngamalungiselelo e-mycorrhiza, ukukhula okuphawulekayo nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamasiko kubonakala. 
Kubalulekile! I-Mycorrhiza - akusiwo umanyolo, futhi akunconywa ukuwuhlanganisa ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali, ngoba angabhubhisa yiwo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kunenziwa kuphela ngamanyolo eziphilayo.Uma usebenzisa i-mycorrhiza yezitshalo zasendlini, kukhona nemithetho embalwa:
- Amalungiselelo okudoba izitshalo zasendlini afakwa enhlabathini yokubhaka, bese kuthi amanzi aphuza. Ukwakhiwa ngesimo se-emulsion kukhishwa kwisirinji bese kujova ngqo ohlelweni lwempande enhlabathini.
- Ngemuva kokugoma, lesi sitshalo asihlwanyelwe izinyanga ezimbili. Isikhathi esifanayo asisebenzi ama-fungicides.
- Ukuphumelela kangcono ama-flowerpots kukhona amagciwane, aqukethe izinhlayiya ze-mycelium ephilayo, hhayi izinhlamvu ze-fungus. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-gel formulations ne-mycelium ephilayo, efaka i-mycorrhiza ngokushesha, kuyilapho izinhlamvu zingenayo imigomo yentuthuko embizeni evaliwe.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zokusebenzisa i-mycorrhiza emkhakheni wezitshalo
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-fungus: 
- Ukutshala izitshalo ukuthola amanzi anele kanye nezakhi eziningi;
- Indawo yokungenisa umswakama ezitshalweni izanda.
- Izimila zithola ukulwa nezimo zezulu, ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi okungalungile, ukumelana nokucindezeleka, nokuzivikela emithonjeni yezimpande.
- Isenzo se-mycorrhiza sishukumisa ukukhula, izimbali kanye nokuhluma kwezitshalo ezitshalwayo.
- Izinga lekhwalithi yezitshalo nezithelo zensimbi ziyathuthukiswa.
- Uhlelo lwempande luqiniswa futhi ikhono lokuqothula emva kokufakelwa kabusha lithuthukisiwe.
Ukugonywa nge-mycorrhiza kuzokwenza kube lula ukulima nokunakekelwa kwamasiko ahlanganisiwe, ngoba izimpande zokhunta zizovumela isitshalo ukuthi sithole kokubili amanzi kanye nezondlo ngesamba esifanele. Uzokwazi ukukhokha kancane izinqubo ezinjengokutshala izitshalo nokuphuza.
