EYurophu, cishe izinhlobo eziyi-1000 ze-aphid parasitizing ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe zichaziwe. Umbala wezinambuzane uyehluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okomnyama kuya komnyama, ubude - kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-1 mm.
Ingozi yama-aphid ezitshalweni
Ama-aphid athela izithombo ngokudla kokuthambisa kwawo futhi akhulule amakhompiyutha anobuthi. Izitshalo ezibuthakathaka ziba sengozini yokutheleleka ngegciwane, amagciwane kanye namagciwane.
Inkathazo iyanda kakhulu. Owesifazane oyedwa angazalela amaqanda angama-150 ngasikhathi. Ukuguqulwa komuntu omdala yizinsuku eziyi-7. Isizini 1, isizukulwane kusuka kwizizukulwane eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-17 zesinambuzane kungenzeka. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle (ku-greenhouse), i-aphid eyodwa ingaletha inzalo engama-5 * 109. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaphiko, i-parasite ihamba kalula kwizitshalo ezingomakhelwane.
Ushukela wezinambuzane ezinoshukela - pate - uheha izintuthwane. Ukuhleleka kwamahlathi wemvelo futhi ngasikhathi sinye izinambuzane zasengadini zifaka isandla ekugcinweni kwesibalo sabantu se-aphid ngokudlulisela amaqanda nezibungu ze-aphid, kanye nokuzivikela ezitheni zemvelo (ama-ladybugs).
Umhlali wasehlobo uyancoma: izindlela nezindlela zokulwa ne-aphid
Zonke izinhlobo zama-aphid ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene zibhujiswa ngezindlela nezindlela ezifanayo. Kukhona futhi umehluko omncane nokuncamelayo okuqondene namasiko athile.
Ukulwa nenyamazane, kusetshenziswa izindlela zendabuko kanye namathuluzi, amalungiselelo webhayoloji nawekhemikhali.
Izindlela zabantu nezindlela
Ukususwa ngomshini wegciwane ngomfudlana wamanzi noma wezandla kunconywa njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Qiniseka ukuthi ususa amaqabunga athintekile. Izitha zemvelo ziyafuywa (ama-ladybugs, ama-earwigs, ama-gourds, ama-lacewings). Ukubhubhisa i-anthill eduzane ngenxa yesifo esivele sikhona phakathi kwemiyalo yehlathi kanye ne-aphid. Cishe imibhede itshalwe izitshalo ezinomphumela wokukhubazeka: u-anyanisi, ugarlic, izaqathe, dill, Dalmatia chamomile.
Esikhathini sokudalwa kwezingadi-seengadi kukhona amathuluzi amaningi aphumelelayo atshalwa yizitshalo ukulwa nalesi sinambuzane.
Isihloko | Indlela yokupheka | Izici zohlelo lokusebenza |
| Isixazululo sensipho yokubulala insecticidal noma uketshezi lokugeza izitsha | Isipuni sifakwa kwilitha lamanzi. | Ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo, inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngezixazululo ze-alkaline kufanele imbozwe nge-polyethylene noma i-foil. Inqubo yenziwa ngosuku olunamafu noma kusihlwa kakhulu. |
| Ukufakwa kwamacembe utamatisi | Izinkomishi ezi-2 zamahlamvu asikiwe afakwe kungilazi ezimbili zamanzi futhi afakwa ngosuku. | Ngaphambi kokufafaza, ukufakwa okuphumayo kuhlungwa nge-cheesecloth kanye nengxenye yelitha lamanzi kufakwa. |
| Ukumnika i-Garlic | Ama-clove ama-3-4 alesi sitshalo achotshoziwe, amathisipuni ama-2 kawoyela yemifino ayengezelelwa kuwo futhi le ngxube ifakwa usuku. Ngemuva kokuhlunga, engeza isigamu selitha lamanzi kanye nesipuni sesifutho sokuhlanza izitsha. | Ngaphambi kokufafaza, izipuni ezi-2 zokugxiliswa zifakwe engilazini yamanzi. |
| Ukufakwa kwe shag | I-500 g yefulawa ithululelwa ku-1 litre wamanzi abilayo bese ibilisiwe imizuzu engama-30. | Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ukugxila okuhlungiwe kuncibilikiswa ebhakedeni lamanzi. |
| Umkhiqizo osuselwa ku-Ash | Ingilazi ezimbili ze-ash powder ne-50 g yensipho yokuwasha iyathululelwa ebhakedeni lamanzi abilayo. Phikelela amahora ayi-12. | Ngaphambi kokufafaza, umkhiqizo uyahlungwa. |
| I-Apple Cider Vinegar Solution | 1 isipuni se-asidi sengezwe 1 litre lamanzi. | Isixazululo sikulungele ukugeza amahlamvu. |
| Isisombululo se-baking soda | I-75 g yefulawa ivuselelwa ebhakedeni lamanzi. | Umkhiqizo ulungele ukufafazwa. |
| Isixazululo se-Amonia | 2 wezipuni ze-ammonia ne-1 isipuni sensipho ewuketshezi yengezwe ebhakedeni lamanzi. | |
| Isixazululo se-mustard | I-30 g yefulawa ivuselelwa emanzini ayi-10. | |
| I-infusions yokhuni, i-yarrow ne-celandine | Utshani buthwelwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2 bese kwenziwa isilungiselelo. | 1 litre yokugxila kuyoncibilika ngaphambi kokufafaza ngebhakede lamanzi, kufakwa kulo i-40 g yesepha yokuwasha. |
| Isixazululo se-Bleach | 2 wezipuni zikalamula zifakwa ebhakedeni lamanzi. | Sebenzisa ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu. |
Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo
Ukubuyekezwa okuhle kwamukelwe nguFitoverm (Aktofit), Spark BIO, Bitoxibacillin. Isisekelo sezimali yi-microflora (amagciwane noma amagciwane) athela izinambuzane ngesineke.
I-Fitoverm edume kakhulu. Kuvela ngemuva kwamahora angama-48. Umphumela omkhulu ubonwa ngosuku lwe-5. Isikhathi sesenzo sokuzivikela yisonto. Isebenzayo emazingeni okushisa omoya ngenhla kwe +20 ° C.
Isifutho esiphindaphindwayo sinconywa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7.
Amakhemikhali
Zibonakaliswa yimisebenzi ephezulu ye-insecticidal. Ngenxa yengozi engaba khona kubantu, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokulandela imiyalo. Umdwebo wezingadi ufaka: Kalash, Biotlin, Karbofos, Aktara, Tanrekom.
Enye ye-Actara esetshenziswa kaningi. Izinambuzane ziqala ukufa ngemuva kwamahora ayi-6. Isikhathi sokuvikelwa sinqunywa kakhulu yizimo zezulu futhi zingahluka kusuka kumaviki amabili kuya kwayi-4. Umenzeli uyasebenza kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa. Ukuvikela izinyosi kufanele kusetshenziswe kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu.
Ama-aphid kwizithombo zezitamatisi: ungalwa kanjani nokuthi ungaqhutshwa kanjani
Utamatisi akuyona eyokuqala ohlwini lwama-aphid wezitshalo athinteka kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kwabo kuvela ezitshalweni ezonakele eziseduzane.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala somonakalo we-aphid ukubonakala kwamaqabunga ama-curly mottled kumatamatisi.
Ngenxa yobumnene bamaqabunga kumatamatisi, lapho usebenzisa ukususwa kwemishini, ukugeleza kwamanzi kwenziwa buthakathaka noma isifutho sisetshenziswa, izandla zithathelwa indawo ngezinyo zakudala. Phinda izikhathi eziningana kuze kube yilapho ama-aphid elahlekile ngokuphelele. Amacembe athelelekile ayabhujiswa, ikakhulukazi uma akhula engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu. Faka amakhambi esintu achazwe ngenhla.
Kubenzeli bezinto eziphilayo, iFitoverm ithole ukusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu. Ihlala emhlabathini isikhathi esingamahora angama-30, ku-eluhlaza eluhlaza utamatisi - kufinyelela ezinsukwini ezi-3. Isifutho sinconywe ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 izikhathi ezi-4. Ukulungiselela isisombululo, ama-8 ml weFitoverm ancibilikiswa kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi. Zama ukufafaza indawo engezansi yamaqabunga, lapho kutholakala khona izinambuzane. Lesi sidakamizwa singasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwenza izithelo, utamatisi ngemuva kokucutshungulwa singadliwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7, okungenakushiwo ngamakhemikhali. Zisetshenziswa kuphela kuzithombo zamatamatisi.
Ama-aphid kwizithombo zezithombo
Imvamisa, izithombo zikapelesi zikhuliswa efasiteleni kanye nezinye izitshalo. Lapho kuvela ama-aphid, kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo echazwe ngaphambilini esekelwe kusawoti wokuwasha. Uma kunesidingo sokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kepelepele, izitshalo zikhishwa egumbini.
Ama-aphid ezitshalweni zamakhukhamba
Ukwehlulwa kwamakhukhamba kubonakaliswa ngokufushane kwama-internode, ukungondleki kanye nokushintshwa kwamaqabunga nezithelo, ukufiphaza izindilinga. Ngaphansi kwengxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo, izimuncagazi ziyabonakala.
Ukuze ulwe nezinambuzane, amaqabunga nezithombo ezonakele ziyasikwa futhi zichithwe. Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo, amakhambi esintu, amalungiselelo webhayoloji nawekhemikhali asetshenziswa.
Ama-aphid ezitshalweni zesitshalo seqanda
Uma isitshalo seqanda sikhula emhlabathini ovulekile, bakhangwa izitha zabo zemvelo - ama-ladybugs nezinyoni (ondlunkulu, ama-tits) ukulwa nezilokazane. Uma ama-aphid ezitshalweni atholakala ku-greenhouse, amahlumela athintekile ayaqedwa futhi abhujiswe.
Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa isixazululo esifudumele esuselwa ku-insecticidal noma i-tar insipho. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali angena emikhakheni kungenzeka.
Ama-aphid kuma-currants nezinye izihlahla zezithelo
Ngentwasahlobo, kungakuhle ukuthi uthele izihlahla ze-currant ngaphezulu ngamanzi abilayo. Izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo ziyasikwa futhi zishiswe. Ithuluzi elisebenzayo yisisombululo se-ash-ash. 2 wezipuni zensipho ewuketshezi kanye no-0,5 l womlotha wezinkuni uyoncibilika ku-5 l wamanzi. Izihloko zamagatsha zinconywa ukuthi zigxishwe engxenyeni elungiselelwe.
Amakhemikhali kufanele asetshenziswe ngokucophelela okukhulu ngenxa yengozi yawo engaba khona kubantu lapho ezinye izindlela zokulawula zingasebenzi.
Ama-aphid ngamaqabunga ama-apula, ama-cherries nezinye izihlahla zezithelo
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-aphid angatholakala emaqabungeni esihlahla se-apula. Amahlumela amancane avame ukuthinteka. Isinambuzane, esidla imijusi yaso, sifaka izakhi zomzimba lapho amaqabunga egobeka khona, kuvikela amakoloni ayizinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa imishini yokuvikela, kufanele ulwele ukungena ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga agoqiwe. Kungcono ukuqeda ama-aphid ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuze kungalimazi izinambuzane ezithutha impova (izinyosi nezimbali).
Basebenzisa ibhande lokuzingela eligqokwa esiqwini sesihlahla ukuvikela ama-aphid angenayo ukungena ku-aphid. Ingathengwa esitolo noma yenziwe ngokuzimela. Isisekelo umucu wenjoloba nejeli evela ezintuthwaneni (i-Adamant, Taracid, Proshka Brownie). Irubber ingashintshwa nge-burlap kanye nokugoqwa kwepulasitiki, nejeli ngamafutha aqinile.
Uma kwenzeka umehluko odale izinambuzane, ungazama ukukhipha esihlahleni ngomfula wamanzi, unciphise iziqongo zamahlumela bese ususa (ushise).
Abalimi bayakuthokozela ukusebenzisa uthuli lwegwayi kanye nesisombululo esisuselwa ku-ammonia. Ukulungiselela, hlanganisa i-100 ml yesisombululo se-ammonia esingu-10%, isipuni sosawoti wokuwasha wezingubo (i-Palmitic acid) no-10 l wamanzi. Izihlahla zezithelo (cherries, plums) ziphathwa ngale ndlela ngokunqunyelwa kwezinsuku eziyi-7 izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sezithelo.
Uma kungekho i-ammonia, basebenzisa isixazululo sensipho yasendlini noma ye-tar, kanye ne-infusions yamakhambi we-caustic nephunga asetshenziselwa ukulawula ama-aphid ezitshalweni zemifino (utamatisi, iklabishi noma i-beet), njenge-yarrow, umhlonyane neSt. John wort.
Imikhiqizo ye-biological isebenzisa esebenza kakhulu, ishiwo ngenhla.
Imikhiqizo yokuvikela amakhemikhali yezihlahla zezithelo
Ukwelashwa kwezihlahla zezithelo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinto ngomshini wokuthinta wamathumbu wesenzo, okuthi, ukungena kwesitshalo, kuhlanganiswe lapho kukhula khona. Usebenzisa i-ejenti yamakhemikhali, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izizukulwane ezintsha zezinambuzane, ezizovela emavikini amathathu, zingazivumelanisa nayo. Umdwebo wabalimi ufaka izinambuzane:
- systemic ukuthintana kwamathumbu: Aktara, Biotlin, Tanrek, Confidor Extra, Voliam Flexi, Angio Forte;
- othintana non-systemic enteric: Aliot, Neofral, Kinmiks, Decis Profi.
Ukuze ulwe nezinambuzane zobusika, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo ahlanganisiwe angama-30 kanye ne-Profilactin, okuyisisekelo sawo lapho kuhlanganiswa khona i-paraffin ne-organophosphorus compounds. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Izidalwa ezihlumayo ezihlukile zithanda izihlahla zezithelo ezahlukahlukene, isibonelo, i-apula nethanga kuhlaselwa ikakhulu nge-apid ebomvu apid, ama-cherries - ama-cherry aphid, noma kunjalo, izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane ziyefana.
Ama-aphid kuma roses
Ukwelashwa kwama roses, kunconywa izingoma ezifanayo ezisetshenziselwa ukucubungula izilimo zemifino. Ukufakwa kwehora lesine kwezimpande ze-dandelion kubhavu wamanzi kuyasebenza futhi, ngokulungiselela okungu-400 g wengxenye yezitshalo kanye ne-1 l yamanzi kuxutshwe. Ngaphambi kokufafaza isitshalo, ukugxila okuhogelwayo kuyahlungwa bese ivolumu iguqulwa ibe yi-10 l (1 ibhakede).
Ngokuqondene ne-aphid kuma-roses, i-anti-flea shampoo iyasebenza. Isixazululo esisekelwa kuso silungiswa ngokuqothula izipuni ezi-2 zomkhiqizo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali i-Lightning ne-Spark isungulwe kahle, isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo.
