Uma ukhula noma yikuphi izitshalo nezihlahla zezithelo, ukufaka umanyolo kuyadingeka. Ukuchichima kwezitshalo kuncike ezintweni eziningana, kepha inani lokudla okunomsoco lomhlabathi alikude nendawo yokugcina. Omunye wemifuno ethandwa kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yi-nitroammofoska - umanyolo owusizo kakhulu oqukethe izikhathi ezintathu eziwusizo: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ngokuvamile, ithuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela noma umanyolo oyisisekelo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi kanye nezitshalo ezihlukahlukene. Mhlawumbe indlela ephumelela kakhulu ye-chernozem kanye nenhlabathi yomhlabathi oyisihlabathi ukufaka ukubunjwa emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokunisela, nakuba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobo ze-nitroammofoski ezikhiqizwa namuhla kwenza kube lula ukukhetha umanyolo ngamunye, kucabangela izici zezinhlobo ezithile zomhlabathi kanye nezidingo zezitshalo ezikhulile kuzo.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhuluma nge-nitroammofosk, okokuqala, kuzomele uzijwayele izici zalo, ngoba ngaphandle kokwazi ngezici zayo kanye nemigomo yokusetshenziswa, ukusebenzisa ithuluzi kungalimaza kalula izitshalo zakho.
I-nitroammofosk: incazelo nokubunjwa komanyolo
Okuqukethwe kuyi-nitroammofosk (NH4H2PO4 + NH4NO3 + KCL) yezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium), okudingekayo ukuze isitshalo sokukhula okuvamile nokuthuthukiswa ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuphila, yenza ithuluzi lithandwa kakhulu okwamanje. Ngokuyinhloko, lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa uketshezi olusetshenzisiwe njengendlela yokudla okumele ifake izitshalo nezitshalo.
Uyazi? Ngaphandle kwe-nitroammofoski, emakethe yanamuhla ungathola izindlela ezifanayo kakhulu ze-nitroammophos, yize noma ufunda ngokucophelela le manyolo futhi ufunde imiyalelo yayo yokusetshenziswa, kuyacaca ukuthi lezi zidakamizwa ezihlukile. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ukwakhiwa komanyolo akuqukethe i-potassium, kanti isilinganiso se-nitrogen ne-phosphorus sihlukile kwamamaki ahlukene (isibonelo, i-A - lokhu ngu-23% ngamunye, futhi kumamabhilidi B - 16% nitrogen no-24% phosphorus).
Ku-nitroammoposka, i-potassium ne-nitrogen zitholakala ngesimo samakhemikhali kalula, kanye ne-phosphorus (ingxenye) ngesimo se-dicalcium phosphate, okuyinto, nakuba singencibiliki emanzini, isalokhu ifinyeleleke ngokuphelele ezitshalweni, kanti ingxenye yindlela yamanzi-soluble ammonium phosphate kanye ne-mono-calcium phosphate. Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ushintshe uhlelo lwezobuchwepheshe lwenqubo, inani le-citrate-soluble kanye ne-phosphorus engenawo amanzi lingashintsha. Isibonelo, akukho phosphorus engenawo amanzi emkhakheni we-carbonate nitroammophosca nhlobo, yingakho lolu hlobo lomanyolo lungasetshenziswa njengento eyinhloko kuphela enhlabathini enomsoco.Kubalulekile! Into esemqoka ye-nitroammofosca Ca (H2PO4) 2, ekhishwa ekubunjweni kwayo, ikhululekile kakhulu ku-nitric acid, evumela ukuthi i-phosphorus ikhishwe ngokushesha ezinhlobonhlobo ze-inert futhi ithathe ifomu elula kakhulu ekutshaleni izitshalo (lokhu kuyisici esiyinhloko esichaza izinga lokusebenza komanyolo) .Ngaphambi kokuba uqonde ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani umanyolo we-nitroammofosku, kuyoba usizo ukujwayela izici zalo zomzimba. Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kuyincwajana engenabungozi, ekhonjiswe ukungabi khona kokuqothulwa kokuqothulwa kanye nobuthi, nakuba ngesikhathi esifanayo kungenxa yezinto ezinzima ezinokushisa futhi ezivuthayo (ukushisa kwe-airgel ukushisa kuyinto + 490 ... +520 ° C). Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwe-+900 ° C, i-nitroammophoska ayifuni ekushiseni esithandweni somlilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumiswa kwemoya akuqhuma futhi akushayi lapho kuphuma ikhoyili evuthayo (kufika ku +1000 ° C). I-nitroammofoska i-agent esebenzayo ye-oxidizing, okuyinto ngesikhathi esisodwa ingenza kusebenze ukushiswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezingeni lokushisa lama-+ 800 ... + 900 ° C. I-soluble kakhulu emanzini, ayiqukethe i-ballast futhi ingahlanganisa kuze kube ngu-55% wezakhi zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, ngokucaphuna konke okushiwo ngenhla, kulula ukubona ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-potassium, i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen ezinhlobonhlobo ze-nitroammophoses cishe ngo-51%, futhi zonke izinto zisesimo esitholakala kalula ezitshalweni futhi zithandwa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukuphumelela kwezidakamizwa kusezingeni lokuxubana kwamakhomikhali ajwayelekile angenawo amanzi.
Uyazi? Izinto eziqukethe i-phosphorus (ngaphandle kwe-CaNH4PO4) nazo zisetshenziswe ngendlela yezihlanganisi zokudla. Isibonelo, i-dicalcium phosphate ingenye yezondlo ezivame kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezinkukhu nokulinywa kwezilwane, futhi i-monocalcium phosphate isetshenzisiwe hhayi kwezolimo kuphela, kodwa futhi embonini yokudla (njengokwamafutha okubhaka inhlama).
Izici zokusetshenziswa kwe-nitroammofoski engxenyeni engadini
Ama-fertilizer amaminerali asetshenziswe ngempumelelo kwezolimo iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, kodwa abalimi abaningi namuhla banakekelwa yi-nitroammofoska, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi kusiza i-nitrate ukuba igcinwe ngempumelelo esitshalweni esivunyiwe. Ngokwezinga elithile baqinisile, ngoba uma kukhona umanyolo osetshenziswa kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi ekhulayo yesitshalo, khona-ke ukulandelana kwamakhemikhali kuzohlala ngempela emathisini alo. Kodwa-ke, uma ubeka i-nitroammofoski kusengaphambili, insalela ye-nitrate esitshalweni esivunyiwe iyoba ngaphansi kohlobo olujwayelekile.
Uyazi? I-nitrate ayitholakali kuphela kumanyolo wamaminerali, kodwa futhi kumanyolo ophilayo; ngakho-ke, ukungahambisani nomthamo ophakanyiswe umenzi kungalimaza imifino nezithelo ngokungathí sina kunokusebenzisa ngokulinganayo izithako zamaminerali.
Inani elinconywayo lomanyolo lingashintsha, ngoba kuxhomeke ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokutshala kwesitshalo, isikhathi sezinye izakhi kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi. Kunoma yikuphi, kufanelekile ukuhlola imiyalelo ngaphambili ukuze ubale inani elincane le-nitroammofoski uma lisetshenziswe, isibonelo, amazambane, utamatisi noma amagilebhisi. Umanyolo ocacisiwe (ngokulinganisa amancane) ungasetshenziselwa ukufaka umanyolo wezithelo zemifino, izithelo nezitshalo (1-2 wezipuni ze-granules zihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi afudumele, emva kwalokho ukubunjwa okufakwe kulesitshalo). Ngemuva kokufaka i-nitroammofoski endaweni engadini, qiniseka ukuthi ukuphuza izitshalo eziphathekayo kahle ngendlela yokwelapha, ngoba ngisho ne-nitroammofoska ehlanjululwe kahle, ngokusebenza ngokuqondile kwe-foliar ngandlela-thile kuthatha ukwelashwa okushaqisayo kwezitshalo ezikhulile.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitroammofoski ngesimo somanyolo wezitshalo ze-horticultural, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ukubunjwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yetamatisi, kunomthelela wokuphulukisa ezitshalweni: bahlupheke kancane kusuka empandeni futhi baqala ukubola, isikhumba kanye ne-phytophthora. Yize kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ubondle ngomanyolo ongaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngesizini, okokuqala i-NPK isinconywa ukuba isetshenziswe 16:16:16, futhi okwesibili - ukuphakela ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwezithelo (kulokhu kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umkhiqizo ngobuningi be-potassium ukwakheka). Lesi sici sinomthwalo wokukhiqiza ushukela wemifino, okwenza isithelo sibe mnandi kakhulu ukunambitheka.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-nitroammofosku: imigomo yokukhulelwa kwezitshalo ezahlukene
Njengokusebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa, ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo utamatisi, amazambane noma izitshalo ze-horticultural ne-nitroammophotic, funda njalo imiyalelo yokusebenzisa ukubunjwa. Naphezu kokuthi leli thuluzi ngokwayo linenani elilinganiselwe lezingxenye eziyinhloko (i-potassium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus), izici zomhlabathi kanye nezidingo zezitshalo ezithile zihlala zikhona ngabanye, okusho ukuthi lapho kusetshenziswa i-nitroammofoski ngokuvamile kudingekile ukulungisa ibhalansi yamaminerali ngokungezelela ukufaka imifino elula ehlukahlukene.
Uma usebenzisa umthamo ophansi, izitshalo ngeke zithole noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto ezilandelanayo, okuzogcina ziholele ekuvuthweni okuphuthumayo kwesitshalo nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele ukwedlulele, ngoba inani eliningi kakhulu lezakhi zingabhubhisa sonke isitshalo. Yiqiniso, inani le-nitroammofoski elizosetshenziswa ensimini nasensimini lizohluka, kanye nemibala yomanyolo iyoba nezici zayo siqu.
Isicelo engadini
Ngokuvamile i-nitroammofosku esetshenziselwa ukulima njengomanyolo omkhulu ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo emhlabathini (isilinganiso sesicelo sokubunjwa sincike kuhlobo lwesitshalo). Kuhle kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi, kodwa luphumelela kakhulu uma lisetshenziselwa umhlabathi omnyama ne-sierozem.
Kubalulekile! Ukungena komanyolo emhlabathini ovundile womhlabathi, emhlabathini okhuni kakhulu uhamba kancane, ngakho-ke umhlabathi omnyama usatshalaliswa usayizi wezinhlamvu ezisindayo kungcono ukusebenzisa ifomu le-granular lokulungiselela. Ukuze inhlabathi elula, isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusebenzisa i-nitroammofoski kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.Namuhla, abakhiqizi abaningi bakhiqiza i-nitroammofosk, futhi inani lezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali lihlukahluka kuye ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa umphakeli. Ngakho-ke, uma uthenga umuthi othile, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda imiyalo yokusetshenziswa futhi uphinde uvuselele imigomo ebekiwe, kokubili ukufaka isicelo ngqo emhlabathini kanye nesicelo se-foliar.
Izitshalo ezahlukene zinezimfuneko ezihlukene zamaminerali, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokucabangela isilinganiso sezakhi, ungenza iphutha kalula emithini. Ukusetshenziswa kaningi kwe-nitroammofoski, amazinga omsebenzi wezitshalo ezahlukene kanje: amazambane, utamatisi nezinye izitshalo zemifino - 20 g ngehora ngalinye elilodwa (noma izimbobo ezine); ukuhlwanyela - 6-7 g ngehora elilodwa lemitha, futhi ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla nezihlahla zezithelo izithombo uzodinga 60-300 g umanyolo, esetshenziselwa impande, ngaphambi kokuxubana nenhlabathi emgodini.
Kubalulekile! FuthiUlwazi mayelana nokutshala utamatisi nge nitroammophoska kubalulekile futhi ukuthi lesi sitshalo sidinga okokufaka okunezakhi ezivamile. Amanzi anamanzi nokuqhakaziza acishe athele ngokuphelele i-nitrogen ne-potassium evela enhlabathini, futhi wonke utamatisi yizitshalo zohlu olujulile futhi zidinga izinto eziningi zamaminerali.Kwezinye izitshalo ze-berry (isibonelo, i-currants noma i-gooseberries), enye yama-akhawunti ama-65-70 g wezinto, kuyilapho ezinye izitshalo ze-berry (ama-raspberries noma ama-blackberries) zidinga okungaphezu kwama-35-40 g ngehora ngalinye le-1 mg. Izihlahla ezinkulu zezithelo zondliwa nge nitroammofosca ngesilinganiso sika 70-90 g ngomuthi ngamunye (umanyolo uhlanganiswa nomhlabathi futhi wengezwa esihlahleni somuthi). Ukuze i-strawberries efaka umanyolo kanye nama-strawberries, 40 g we-nitroammofosca ehlakazekile emhlabathini, ngaphansi kwesihlahla, kanye nokuhlwanyela ama-raspberries inani lalo likhuphuka libe ngu-50 g ngemitha yokuhlukanisa.
Isicelo engadini
Uma izihlahla engadini yakho zikhula emhlabathini omuhle ovundile, ukusebenzisa i-nitroammofoski kuyindlela enhle yokudla. Ukuze uthole izihlahla zezithelo, kwanele ukwengeza u-40-50 g wokubunjwa ngehora elingu-1 yemifula ye-plantings noma i-4-5 kg engamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye wamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye kuya esihlahleni somuthi. Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi (ubumba, obunzima, nokuntuleka kwezinto ezithile), ngeke ukwazi ukukwenza nge nitroammophoska yedwa. Kulesi simo, ukufaka umquba emithini yezithelo nge nitroammofoska kuzoletha imiphumela kuphela ngokuhlanganiswa namanye amafomu noma nge-addition eyengeziwe yezinto ezingekho. Ukutshala izihlahla ezincane (i-birch, umsedari, i-larch, i-maple, i-acacia, i-hornbeam, i-beech, i-willow, i-cherry bird) i-nitroammophoska ingasetshenziswa njengengubo ephezulu yokugqoka, ngoba ayivuli isitshalo.
Omunye umthandi we-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus yizivini. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kuvezwe ukuthi lesi sakhamuzi eseningizimu siphumelele ngempumelelo emgwaqeni ophakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula okugcwele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko kungenzeka kuphela ngamanyolo afike ngesikhathi esifanayo nesitshalo sezimbili zamaminerali nezomzimba. Uma ukondla amagilebhisi, i-nitroammophoska isetshenziselwa izimpande nama-foliar top dressing, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, hlanza ngokucophelela imiyalo ngaphambi kokuhlunga ukulungiselela. Esikhathini sokufaka ishidi kufanele kuboniswe ukuthi ungachitheka kanjani i-nitroammophoka emanzini ukuze ibe nomphumela oyifunayo. Isibonelo, uma uqhuba isondlo sokudla, i-NPK kufanele ihlanjululwe emanzini ngesilinganiso sezipuni ezimbili zamathambo ezidakamizwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
Isicelo sembala
Umanyolo we-nitroammofoska wawunezinto ezihlukahlukene kangangokuthi uthola isicelo saso ku-floriculture, lapho usetshenziselwa khona imibala ehlukahlukene. Ayikho ingadi ongayenza ngaphandle kwalezi zitshalo ezinhle, kodwa ukuze zikujabule kulo lonke ihlobo ngokubonakala okukhanyayo nokuqhakazile, kubalulekile ukuzinikeza ukudla okuhle. Lokhu kungenziwa kokubili ngosizo lwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaminerali omanyolo. Ikakhulukazi, i-nitroammofoska inhle kakhulu ekutshaleni i-roses (ukuhlanganiswa kuhlanjululwa noma kufakwe enhlabathini enomswakama kuya ku-2-4 cm), kodwa kuphela ukuthi ayihlangene nombala wombala wempande. Bred substance ngezinga elifanayo njengamagilebhisi omanyolo.
Ukutshala ama-roses kungcono kakhulu ngesikhathi se-off-time: ngesikhathi sasekuseni kuzosebenza njengomthombo wezinto ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni isihlahla, futhi lapho kufika ekwindla bazokhokha ngokulinganisa izinto eziwusizo, ngaleyo ndlela balungiselela isihlahla ebusika.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi kokusebenzisa i-nitroammofoski
Njenganoma imuphi omunye umanyolo, i-nitroammofosk ayikwazi ukubonakala kuphela ngamacala amahle, ngakho akumangalisi ukuthi kunezinye izinto ezingenakwenzeka ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyamanyolo osebenza kahle kakhulu, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kunomthelela ovuthayo ezitshalweni, okudinga ukuphatha kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubunjwa kuphumelela kakhulu kangangokuthi abalimi abaningi bavele baphazamise ukukhathazeka okukhona.
Ngakho, amandla we-nitroammofoski kufanele afake:
- I-100% ye-friability yokwakheka, okugcinwa kuyo yonke isikhathi sewaranti (ama-granules awahlanganisi ndawonye ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside);
- ukugxila okuphezulu komanyolo, ngesabelo sezithako ezisebenzayo okungenani 30% we-mass total;
- ukulungiswa okuncane kwenhlabathi eyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkomba ezilodwa;
- ukuba khona kwazo zonke izithako ezintathu ezisebenzayo ku-granule eyodwa;
- ukuzulinganisa okuphezulu emanzini;
- ukhiqize ukwanda ngamaphesenti angama-30-70 (nakuba izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo leli xabiso lingumuntu ngamunye).
- uhlobo oluyingqayizivele lwe-nitroammofoski;
- okwenza ukwakhiwa kwe-nitrate emhlabathini;
- ukuba yizinto ezingezansi yesithathu engozini kubantu (ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukuvutha futhi kuqhuma);
- ukuphila kwesikhala esincane.
Yini engangena esikhundleni se-nitroammofosku fertilizer analogues
I-nitroammofoska ayiyona yodwa yohlu lwayo, futhi kunezidakamizwa eziningi ezisondelene kakhulu.
"Isihlobo" esiseduzane se-nitroammofoski i-azofoska - umanyolo omuthathu, lapho, ngaphezu kwezici ezijwayelekile (i-potassium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus), i-sulfur nayo iqukethe. Zonke ezinye i-nitroammophoska ne-azofoska zifana kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ekubunjweni kodwa nasemiphumeleni yezitshalo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani lezinto ezilandelanayo ngokuphathelene nenani eliphelele lenhlanganisela lixhomeke kuhlobo lomuthi.
I-Ammophoska - ihluke kwezinye izikhupha ezivela kulesi sibonelo ngokutholakala kwe-magnesium nesulfure ekubunjweni (hhayi okungaphansi kuka-14% kokuhlanganiswa okuphelele). Okunye okunye ukuhluka okuvela kumanyolo wesisekelo kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzisa ukubunjwa emhlabathini ovaliwe. Ayikho i-sodium ne-chlorine e-ammonium phosphate, futhi inani lemvelo ye-ballast liyanciphisa.
I-Nitrophoska - inesimo esifanayo se-NPK, kodwa iphinde ifakwe nge-magnesium. Ilahlekelwa izikhathi eziningana ku-nitroammofosca ngemuva, futhi i-nitrogen iqukethe kuphela kwifomu ye-nitrate, ehlanzwa kalula emhlabathini, futhi umphumela womanyolo esitshalweni ulahlekelwa amandla ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-nitrogen ezikhona kwi-nitroammofosk - ammonium ne-nitrate. Uhlobo lwesibili lubandakanya isikhathi somanyolo wamaminerali.
I-nitroammophos yi-nitrophosphate efanayo (ene-formula NH4H2PO4 + NH4NO3), okuyisici se-dibasic. Futhi, umahluko ukuthi i-potassium ayikho engxenyeni ye-nitrophosphate, okuyiyona imingcele umkhakha wayo wokusetshenziswa.
Njengoba ubona, i-nitroammofosk iyi-fertilizer yezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, ezifanelwe kahle utamatisi nezinye izitshalo zemifino, izihlahla zezithelo, izihlahla nezimbali.
