Ezweni likhula ngezilwane ezingaba ngu-120 zomuthi wamabelebheri (mulberry).
Lo muthi uvame eJapane, India, eChina nase-Asia Ephakathi, nezithelo zawo namaqabunga asetshenziswa ngempumelelo emithi ngoba banezokwelapha.
Uyazi? Ama-workworm ayondla amaqabunga amhlophe.
Umuthi wamabeledi yisitshalo esingamelana nesomiso nesibanda, okwenza kube isitshalo esikhulu kakhulu kunoma iyiphi indawo. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela izimfihlo zokunakekela imameriyamu, sikufundise ukuba usakaze umuthi wamabharibhele futhi sikutshele indlela yokubhekana nezifo kanye nezinambuzane zayo.Zonke izinhlobo ze-mulberryberry yokutshala efanele
I-kamaliyali ikhula ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-10 ukuphakama. Umuthi owodwa ungaba nezimbali zesilisa noma zezinsikazi, nakuba kunezihlahla ezinjalo zombili zombili ezikhona ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngokuba ukutshalwa kwamameriyamu kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhiqiza: izithombo kanye nembewu.
Imbewu itshalwe ngekwindla noma entwasahlobo ephuzile, kodwa kuzo zombili izimo zitholwa ngesisombululo esikhethekile esenzelwe imbewu ngqo.
Uma unquma ukutshala umuthi wamabelebusi ekuwa, kuhle ukukwenza ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-Okthoba. Ukuze utshale entwasahlobo, kufanele uqale ugobe imbewu emanzini abandayo (usuku), bese uwabeka emanzini afudumele amanye amahora angu-24.
Isayithi lokutshala kufanele libe nelanga futhi emva kokuthola indawo enjalo ensimini yakho kuyokwazi ukuqhubeka nokulungiselela imigwaqo yembewu. I-Grooves iyanisela ngamanzi ahlanganiswe nama-fertilizer izitshalo nezitshalo zeberry.
Njengoba imbewu encane kakhulu, kungcono ukuhlwanyela kancane kancane, ukujula emhlabathini ngo-3-5 cm. Emva kokuhlwanyela, uthele ama-groove ngobuningi futhi usebenzise i-mulching, okuzovimbela inhlabathi ukuba isomile. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ekwindla, kufanele ufake ngaphezu kwemibhede.
Ukuze ukhule kahle, izithombo zamabelebhisi zondliwa ngamanyolo.
Ngekwindla, ngokunakekelwa kahle, izithombo ziyoba namandla futhi zikhulu. Bese behlezi ukuze babe nendawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ngu-3-5 m.
I-kamalibhele iqala ukuthela izithelo 3-5 eminyakeni emva kokutshala, okuyinto ikakhulu kuxhomeke ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo kanye nezici ukunakekelwa. Isimpande se-Mulberry ibinamandla kakhulu futhi singakwazi ukumelana nobusika obubandayo noma ukushisa kwehlobo.
Ungabuye utshale umuthi wamabharibhele ngosizo lwezithombo. Izithombo ezithengiwe zitshalwe entwasahlobo esakhiweni sezulu. Umgodi ugobile kule ndawo, emva kwalokho umquba ungeze kuwo.
Inhlabathi endaweni ekhethiwe inqwaba ngamanzi ahlanjululwe ngomanyolo wezithombo zokuvuthwa. Khona-ke konke kuhlanganiswe umhlaba. Ngemuva kokunisela okulandelayo, inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo ihlanganiswa.
Ukuze i-mulberry ibhuqe kahle futhi ingabi kakhulu, umqhele wayo kufanele uthathwe futhi uhlolwe.
Uyazi? Izithelo zommbila omnyama ziqukethe u-12% ushukela, ama-acids, izinto ezipectic kanye nesamba esikhulu se-potassium.Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwayo kakhulu ze-mulberry "i-hanging", ekhuphukela ku-2.5 m. Tshala lokhu kuhlukahluka ekwindla ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngonyaka wokuqala kumele kudliwe umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi kanye ngenyanga.
Esikhathini esomile, kubalulekile ukuphuza lesi sitshalo njalo ngangokunokwenzeka, ukukhipha ukhula ngezikhathi ezithile. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-mulberry akudingeki ukuba zenze umqhele, okusiza kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla, kodwa amagatsha omile asadingeka asuswe.
Izici ukunakekelwa kwamabelebhisi
I-kamalibhele ingenakuzithoba ukukhathalela, kodwa, ngesikhathi sokukhula okujulile, idinga ukuchelela okuningi. Umsebenzi wokunakekelwa okubaluleke kakhulu umanyolo we-mulberry, ohlanjululwe ngamanzi ahlanjululwayo kusuka emanzini ashubile.
Uyazi? I-kamalibhele ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-200, engajwayelekile kuya ku-300-500.NgoJulayi, ukugqoka okuphezulu akudingeki, futhi ukuchelela kuyenzeka ngenkathi kunomsofu omkhulu. I-Nitrophoska iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokudla umberry wamanzi entwasahlobo.
Umhlaba ozungeza umuthi wamanisiyamu, udinga ukukhulula njalo uhlanza ukhula njalo. I-kamalibhele ivame ukukhula ibe ngamamitha angu-35 ukuphakama. Ukuze umuthi omude ungaphazamisi ingadi yakho, kufanele uthathe izihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge nitrophoska kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Uma kunamahlumela obuthakathaka emahlumela, ngoJuni kuyadingeka ukuthi uphinde uyondle ngesisombululo slurry.
Kubuye kwenzeke ukuthi umameribhi nje akathwali izithelo futhi abalimi abaningi abazi ukuthi benzeni nalo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukulimala akuxhomeki kuphela ezihlotsheni zezihlahla ze-mulberry, kodwa futhi "ekuhloleni" kwayo.Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-mberry yamabele ingahlanganiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa izihloko ezimbili, kodwa uma umuthi wakho unamabele ungatheli izithelo, khona-ke ungowesilisa.
Njengoba ubusika busondela, udinga ukucabangela indlela yokumboza umberry wamakhaza ebusika futhi uvikele umuthi ekuqandeni. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosizo lwe-spunbond noma ngezinyawo ze-spruce. Inzuzo yenketho yokuqala ukuhambisana nobungqongileyo, ukuqina kanye nentengo ephansi.
Uyazi? Izithelo zikaMelberry zisetshenziselwa kokubili ifomu elisha nelinamathanga.Imilenze yemifula enamaqabunga e-birch ingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala. Uma i-mulberry ibanda, umuthi uzobuya ngokushesha entwasahlobo. Ngokujwayelekile, isikhathi lapho izithelo zokuqala ziqala ukuvuthwa noma isihlahla sesivele sithela izithelo, siwela ngonyaka wesihlanu ngemva kokutshala umamerari. Lokhu yisikhathi eside, kodwa kunganciphisa ngokuhlanganiswa.
Ukudubula nokwenza umqhele wamabelebhisi
Izakhiwo zokuhlobisa eziphezulu ze-mberry wamabele zingatholakala ngokusika izinkuni, okuphephile ngokuphelele kumamithabhele. Le nqubo yenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube phakathi nobusika, ngesikhathi sokuphumula okuphelele kwesitshalo.
Izihlahla ezindala zithengwa kuphela lapho kudingekile, ngoba ukugeleza kwe-sap kungenzeka ngalesi sikhathi. Uma ukusika kungenakugwema, cala amanxeba nge-red-hot red poker. Ehlobo, basusa amagatsha anesifo esinegciwane.
Ukwenza umuthi, isitshalo sishiye ku-1.0m. Kule ndawo yokuphakama ukuthi zonke izihluthulelo ze-lateral ziyakunqunywa, futhi umqhele wenziwa ngokuma kwesitsha noma umshanelo kuya ku-4 m ukuphakama.
Kubalulekile! I-Novices ekulimeni ukwenza umqhele wemithi kamalibhali kungcono ukumema ochwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke ukuthi umuthi awukhuli ukuphakama, unciphise i-shoot central phakathi neminyaka emibili yi-1/3 yobude (uma nje umqhele ukhiwa ngesimo sesitsha).
Uma wenza "umshanelo", benza lokhu okulandelayo: ngaphandle kokukhetha ukudubula okuphakathi, bahlakulela ukuphakama okufanayo, ngenkathi beshiya amahlumela amathathu aqinile.
I-kamalibhele ingakhiwa ifomu "lokulila". Ukwenza lokhu, usike amagatsha emahlathini aphansi nangasemuva. Lokhu akulimazi izakhiwo zokuhlobisa, kodwa isivuno sizobe sesincane.
Manje, lapho sicabanga indlela yokuhlobisa umuthi wakho wamabhilikhi, umbuzo uphakama - "Ngidinga ukusika umberry wamanzi nhlobo?" Impendulo yethu iyadingeka nakanjani.
Ukudubula kuvuselela isitshalo, ikakhulukazi lapho ukhiqiza amajikijolo nokunciphisa isivuno. Kulokhu, amagatsha anciphisa ubude obufanayo, aphule umqhele.
Sika amagatsha endala kunazo zonke. Amahlumela angafuneki abumba efwini anciphisiswa ngonyaka wokuqala futhi asuswe okwesibili.
Uyazi? Kusukela enkuni yama-mulberry e-Central Asia yenza izinsimbi zomculo.Izithelo zeMberryberry zivuthwe phakathi nehlobo.
Zonke izindlela zokuzalanisa i-mulberry emakhaya
Ukwandisa i-mulberry kungaba ngezindlela eziningana: imbewu, izihlahla eziluhlaza okwehlaza, izicuttings ezinama-semi-cut, ama-cuttings omzimba kanye ne-graft ephezulu.
Imbewu
Le ndlela ilula kakhulu. Udinga ukuthatha amajikijolo avuthiwe ngokugcwele okuhlukahlukene okuthandayo, uwafake esitsheni bese uletha isitsha endaweni enelanga ngaphambi kokuvutshelwa. Khona-ke imbewu ye-mulberry ihlanzwa kahle futhi idonswe ngamagobolondo angenalutho.
Imbewu yembewu idluliselwa ngesihlava esihle embizeni yamanzi ahlanzekile ukuyikhulula kusuka emaspini. Khona-ke imbewu ingawomiswa iphinde ifakwe esikhwameni sephepha ukuze igcinwe endaweni eyomile kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
1.5 izinyanga ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokutshala, imbewu emanzi kufanele ifakwe eshalofini esiphezulu seqandisini. Lokhu kwenziwa ukucubungula.
Imbewu ye-kamalibhali ihlwanyela enhlabathini evundile ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi kuya ku-1 cm ejulile. Indawo ikhethiwe ekhanyayo futhi ilanga. Plantings ezintsha zidinga ukuchelela njalo.
Kubalulekile! Ungadli izimbewu. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo, kodwa hhayi okuningi kakhulu.Esikhathini esizayo, amahlumela anconywa ama-pritenyat. Ukuhlwanyela okuncane kuphazamise isigaba seqabunga lesishiyagalolunye, hhayi elikhulu - shiya kuze kube seminyaka emibili endaweni efanayo.
I-cuttings ehlaza
Lolu hlobo lokuzalanisa lungcono ukusebenzisa ehlobo. NgoJuni, ama-cuttings anqunywa kusukela emkhatsini we-shootout enempilo konyaka wamanje. Kufanele babe ama-2-3 efihlekile. Amapheshana amancane asusiwe.
I-cuttings itshalwe ku-3 cm ekujuleni kwe-greenhouse, ngaphansi kwefilimu ekhanyayo. Umswakama ophezulu udalwa ngaphansi kwawo, okuzosiza ukusika ukugxila ngokushesha futhi ngokuphumelelayo.
Kudingeka baphuze njalo futhi bavame ukungena umoya, futhi ukugqoka kokuqala kwenziwa inyanga emva kokutshala, besebenzisa umquba wamaminerali. Ukuqothula i-stalk kuthatha inyanga.
Ukusika okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali
Ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa ngoJulayi cuttings ngezinkuni ensundu. Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokutshala nokunakekelwa okwalandela kufana nokukhiqizwa ngokuhlunga okuhlaza. Ukuqothula ama-cuttings kwenziwa ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5.
Ama-cuttings angama-Lignified
Ngalolu hlobo lokuzalanisa, sebenzisa amahlumela e-lignified wesitshalo esinempilo, esikhiqizayo. Thatha kubo ngaphandle komqhele okhanyayo.
Ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo ye-cuttings kwenziwa esikhathini sokuwa kweqabunga. Amaqabunga e-cuttings asuswe bese ephathwa nge-stimulator yezimpande.
Ngemuva kwaloko, ama-cuttings atshalwa emhlabathini ukuze ingxenye yabo engenhla ibe yi-5 cm. Kule ndawo bakhula baneminyaka emibili. Izithombo ezinamandla zitshalwe endaweni enomphela.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu
Uma konke kwakulula kakhulu ekuzaleni okudlule, abalimi abanolwazi kuphela abakwazi ukutshala amameriyamu.
Kubalulekile! Ama-grafts abhalisiwe ngokushesha athatha izimpande.Indlela elula ukukopisha. Udinga ukwenza ukugoqa kwe-oblique emagqumeni okulingana okufanayo (ububanzi obuyi-6 cm, 1 cm) ukuze ujoyine ngokuqondile izingqimba ze-cambial. Izingxenye zihlangene futhi zihlanganiswe nge-bandage eqinile eyenziwe nge-polyethylene.
Kubalulekile! Gwema ukungalungi, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuwohloka kokuphambuka.
Izindlela zokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane
Njengeminye imithi yezithelo, amameriyamu uvame ukuhlushwa izifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane. Izimo zezulu ezimbi, ukunakekelwa okungalungile, ukungabi nalutho noma umanyolo okweqile kubangelwa izifo ezinkulu zomuthi wamabelebhisi. Lezi zifo ezibangelwa yi-viral, fungal kanye ne-bacterial.
Ngokuvamile, i-mulberry ibhekene ne-powdery isikhutha, i-brown spot spot, i-bacteriosis kanye namaqabunga amancane avulekile.
Idonsa likaMealy obangelwa amafungus kanye nezifo zamabelebhisi. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko nesinhloko - ukuqhakaza kwe-mealy okumhlophe. I-fungus ithatha amaqabunga namahlumela. Ukubonakala kwe-powdery isikhutha kubangelwa ukuguqula amanzi noma ukuqina kokutshala komuthi.
Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala ze-powdery isikhutha, umbubhali ifakwe nge-fungicide yesistimu. Ukuvimbela ekwindla ukuqoqwa nokushiswa kwamaqabunga.
I-Tsilindrosporioz (indawo emnyama)futhi kubangelwa amafungus. Amabala abomvu avela emaqabunga, futhi ane-lesion eqinile, ifomu eliminyene lapho. Amahlamvu ngokwawo aphenduka kancane.
Indlela yomzabalazo ilula kakhulu. Ukuqoqwa nokushiswa kwamahlamvu awile. Ukuvimbela ungakwazi sebenzisa izitshalo ngeSilit isisombululo. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avule.
Bacteriosis kuthinta amahlumela amashabhisi amancane. Amabala okubunjwa okungavamile avela kubo, ekugcineni aphenduke abamnyama. Amahlamvu omonakalo ama-curl futhi awela kancane kancane. Emahlumela avela izindawo ezinsundu zohlobo oluxubile. Bangela ukudonsa amahlumela.
Ngokumelene nalesi sifo singasetshenziswa UFitoflavin noma u-Hamair.
I-Curly kunciphisa ukuvunwa kwamabelebhisi. Lesi yisilonda segciwane ukuthi izinambuzane zisakazeka. Izicubu ezidibeneyo phakathi kweminye imifino. Amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe, futhi ukukhula kwamahlumela kuyashintsha: inombolo yabo iyanda, kodwa iba buthakathaka kakhulu. Amahlamvu alahlekelwa umbala wawo futhi aphule. Ukwelashwa, ngeshwa, ayikho.
Ukuvunwa kwe-kamalibhele kungancishiswa ngenxa yezilokazane. Izivakashi ezingavunyelwe kakhulu yi-butterfly omhlophe waseMelika, isicabucabu se-spider, ne-Comstock worm.
I-butterfly e-White american ubeka amaqanda kumaqabunga ama-mberry. Isidleke senziwe ngamacweb, ngaphakathi kwalo - izibungu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isibungu sidla amaqabunga, okwanele nje ukuphawula. 
Ukubhekana nale nkinga kulula: udinga ukuthola izidleke ngezibungu uphinde uzishise. Izibungu zibhubhisa amakhemikhali (isibonelo, i-chlorophos).
Isibungu se-spider kungenziwa kunqunywe umbukiso phezulu kweshidi. I-mite idla izakhi zomuthi ngokusebenzisa amaqabunga, awela kancane kancane.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kubalulekile ukubhubhisa bonke ukhula oluzungeze lo mzila, ukhulule inhlabathi. Khona-ke kufanele ufeze isiko isisombululo se-thiophos.
I-Comstock Cape ihlala emagatsheni nasemagqabeni amameriyamu, esiphuza ijusi emthini wamabelebhisi. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kwemithi yokuzivikela. Ungakwazi ukubhubhisa inkathazo ngosizo lwamakhemikhali ngokupuniza.
Sithemba ngemuva kokufunda lesi sihloko unemibuzo embalwa futhi ungakhula i-mulberries enempilo engadini yakho. Uma unakekelwa kahle, uyokujabulela ngokuvuna okunomthelela kanye nomphumela wokuhlobisa.
