Odokotela bathi iminqumo iyakwazi ukumelana namangqamuzana omdlavuza, ihlanze umzimba we-cholesterol futhi ikhulise izinga lokuhlakanipha. Efayini, emanzini anosawoti futhi ahlanganisiwe, akhona etafuleni ngalinye lokugubha. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ukuba waneliswe ukuphulukiswa nokudla okunomsoco, abantu abaningi bangaya emkhosini kuphela. Abalimi abanolwazi basitshela indlela yokutshala umuthi womnqumo ekhaya bese wethula ukudla okunomsoco ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Sizokutshela ngalokhu kamuva kusihloko.
Hlangana nomphakathi
Ngisho nabantu abaqedayo babeyazi ngezici ezihlukile zeminqumo. Isizwe sasekhaya Olea europaea zibhekwa njengezifunda eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeMedithera. Namuhla, lezi zihlahla ezivame ukuvuthwa nge-razragoy egcwele umqhele zitholakala eMexico, ePeru, e-Italy, eGrisi, eSpain, e-Iran, e-Iraq, e-Turkmenistan, e-Pakistan, e-Georgia, eCrimea nasenyakatho yeNdiya. 
Ngenxa yokuthi isihlahla esingaphansi komhlaba asihambisani nesimo sezulu esibucayi, akukho muntu owakwazi ukukukhuphula emgwaqeni ezweni lethu. Kodwa ezimweni zamakamelo, abaningi bavuna isivuno esihle. Njengoba kwenzeka umnqumo embizeni ayikubi nakakhulu kunaleyo engadini.
Uyazi? Emhlabeni wonke, abakhiqizi abakhulu kunazo zonke zomnqumo waseYurophu baseSpain (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4,556 ngonyaka), i-Italy (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezintathu namakhulu amahlanu) kanye neGreece (amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2 300). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphesenti angama-90 esitshalo esiphelele asetshenziselwa ukushintshwa ngamafutha omnqumo. Ngisho ngaphandle kokulondolozwa, lo mkhiqizo ungagcinwa isikhathi eside.
Emhlabeni wonke akukho ikona lapho ungathola khona izihlahla zeminqumo zasendle. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lesi sitshalo sesifakwe emasimini futhi sisatshalaliswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amafutha. 
I-Botanists iveza amafutha emifino ye-olives futhi ichaza ngokuthi izihlahla ezivuthiwe noma izihlahla, kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-12 m ukuphakama nge-bluish ejulile negoli elingenalutho, amagatsha amakhulu, amaqabunga amade futhi ama-nodular, amaqabunga esikhumba enomzimba omncane we-lanceolate, ama-inflorescences anomuncu noma amnandi isithelo se-oval nesithambo.
Umndeni u-Olive uhlanganisa i-forsythia, umlotha, i-jasmine, i-privet, i-lilac.
Isici sesimiso semithi yomnqumo ngumbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlangothini olungemuva kwamahlamvu, futhi ngaphakathi kungenalutho. Futhi amaqabunga emagatsheni avuselelwa kancane kancane eminyakeni engama-2-3. 
Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ama-oliva ayaqhakaza kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Ephreli kuze kube sekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kuwo wonke ama-paniculate shayela kuze kufike ku-40 efihlekile. Ekugcineni zikhula ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama noma omnyama olunezimpukane nezinyama ezinamafutha. Zivuthwe ezinyangeni ezingu-5.
Kubalulekile! Abanini bezandla baye baqaphela ukwehla okubukhali kwezivuno zalezo zitshalo ezabhekana nesomiso inyanga nengxenye ngaphambi kokuchichima futhi azitholanga izakhi ezingxenyeni ze-substrate. I-cross-pollination izosiza ukulungisa lesi simo ngandlela-thile.
Emvelweni wabo wemvelo, ama-oliva angena endaweni ye-fruiting kanye eminyakeni emibiliNgakho-ke, uma ukhula endlini, akufanele ukhathazeke uma ungaqhakazi kanye. Ochwepheshe bathi izihlahla ezivuthiwe ziye zakhiqiza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, badinga ukuguqulwa zibe izithombo ezincane. 
Lapho ungathenga khona nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani
Ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe namuhla kulula kakhulu, ngisho nangaphandle kokushiya ikhaya lakho, ukuthola isitshalo esingavamile kakhulu nesingavamile kunoma iyiphi indawo yeplanethi. Kodwa uma kunesihlahla somnqumo, bheka nje noma yikuphi isikhungo segadi noma isitolo se-intanethi. Yiqiniso, ukhetho lokuqala lungcono kakhulu, ngoba ngokuthenga, ungakwazi ukubuka ngokushesha isimo nesimo esingahle sitshalo. Futhi esimweni sesibili, ungathola ikati esikhwameni.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyithandayo kuphi indawo yokuthenga, khetha lezo zinhlangano ezizisa idumela labo futhi zijabulele udumo phakathi kwabathengi. Ngakho-ke, ukubamba umlilo ngomqondo wokuthola umuthi womnqumo, okokuqala ufunde imakethe. 
Abanini bezolimo abaye basebenzelana nalesi siko esaseningizimu bayelulekwa ukuba bathenge izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala. Yilungiselele ukuthi intengo yabo iyabiza kakhulu kunezithombo zonyaka. Kodwa kulungile ngenxa yomqhele okhulayo kanye nesimiso esinamandla sezimpande. Isihlahla esinjalo kulula ukudlulisa indawo yokuguqula indawo.
Uyazi? ECroatia, yonke imifino yama-oliva, eyayingaba izigidi ezingaba yisigidi, yatshiswa amasosha aseJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.
Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo kanye nobudala, ema-Olives ase-Ukraine angathengwa 440-14000 hryvnia. Izitshalo ezinkulu ekukhuleni kwenkathi ekhulayo kanye nezindleko ze-fruiting cishe nge-22,000 hryvnia. E-Russia, i-southerner encane naphakathi ingathengwa ngamaruble angu-5700-20000. Kodwa ake lezi zinombolo zingethuki - izindleko zizokhokha ngokushesha ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile zomzimba wakho.
Ukunakekelwa nemibandela yokukhula endlini
Lapho lesi sitshalo sesivele sibonakale ekhaya lakho, sekuyisikhathi sokunakekela ukubekwa kwayo. Ake sibone ukuthi singabanciphisa kanjani izansi ezingaphansi komhlaba, yiziphi izimo azikhethayo, nokuthi yini edinga ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele. 
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Asikho isidingo sokucabanga - isitshalo sithanda ilanga nokushisa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kulungile kakhulu ukuyibeka endaweni elula kakhulu yekhaya lakho. Izithombo ezincane zizokhula ngendlela enhle emafasitela aseningizimu, kodwa izitshalo ezinkulu kufanele zithole ikona elikhanya kakhulu ngemisebe yelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ikhanyise isitshalo kusukela ekuseni kuya kusihlwa. Njengendlela ongayicabangela ngayo ama-balconi kanye ne-loggias. Uma sikhuluma ngemindeni yangasese, ibhodlela lomnqumo lingasuswa emgodini noma ensimini.
Uyazi? Izihlahla zomnqumo zingaphila isigamu seminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Namuhla emhlabeni kunezibonelo ezithile ezitholakale ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-600 ubudala. Futhi basanikeza isivuno esincane.
Ukushisa: ihlobo-ubusika
Abalimi bezitshalo mayelana nokujwayela okusheshayo kwezitshalo zokukhula kwangaphakathi. Kuphawulwe ukuthi umkhiqizo wezinhlobo ezinjalo awulona ophansi kwezihlahla ezivela emvelweni wemvelo. Kodwa ukusekela lezi zikhombisi, kubalulekile ukuthi iminqumo ihlinzeke ngokubaluleka kokushisa okudingekayo. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala kukhululekile ukuba zikhule nazo ukushisa ekamelwenifuthi ebusika kumele kuncishiswe 10-12 ° C. 
Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kwandiswe ukukhuphuka kwe-exotum. Ngenxa yalokho, ngoNovemba kufanele ithunyelwe emgodini oshisayo noma i-veranda. Uma kungekho ndawo efanelekayo, ungashiya ibhodlela endaweni efanayo, kodwa ulungele ukuthi lesi sici sizoboniswa ngenani lezithelo.
Njengomnqumo, umuthi we-sitrobheli, i-laurel, i-rosemary, i-myrtle besaba i-frost, ngakho-ke bavame ukukhula kuphela ekhaya, izithombo zokugcina izithombo noma izingadi zasebusika.
Ukunisela
Ngokuvamile, iminqumo yama-thermophilic idinga umswakama okwanele. Ngakho-ke, badinga ukuphuziswa njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ebhodweni loma. Ungavumeli ukuthi lome, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uma ukuchelela amanzi kufinyelela ngosuku lokutshala amandla.
Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukuba bahlanganise izimpande zesitshalo Izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto. Futhi kule nkathi eshisayo kuyodingeka ukuchelela kanye nomqhele. Qaphela isimo somnqumo. Amaqabunga aphilile angapheli akhuluma ngokuswakama okwanele. Kodwa ungadluli, ngoba umswakama owedlule unomphumela omubi ekuthuthukiseni iminqumo.
Ebusika, ukuphuza akuvamile, kunikezwe isimo somhlaba ebhodweni.
Kubalulekile! Uma ubusika bomnqumo ekamelweni eliseduze nebhethri lokushisa eliphakathi, qiniseka ukuthi uphefa umqhele walo ngamanzi.
Umswakama womoya
Lapho kuhlaziywa izimo zezulu zohlu olukhulayo lweminqumo yaseYurophu, kuyacaca isidingo sokunisela njalo. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukwenza lokhu kusihlwa noma ekuseni ukuze imisebe ye-ultraviolet ingashisi amahlamvu. Ehlobo, inqubo ingabuyekezwa nsuku zonke. Ungayiphinde futhi ngokuphuza umhlabathi ebhodweni noma ukwenze ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka zokuvuselela umoya akudingekile. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Esikhathini esiphakeme sokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo kuzodinga ukugqoka ezimbili ngenyanga. Entwasahlobo, lapho i-biomass ikhula ngokujulile, kunconywa ukwethula izinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen. Lezi zakhi zifaka isandla ekusenikeni kokuqala. Ngemuva kweviki, usuvele wenza ama-fertilizer anamaminerali ayinkimbinkimbi. Abanye abalimi bayelulekwa ukuba badle umuthi womnqumo kuyo yonke inyanga yasentwasahlobo nehlobo.
Ekhaya, ungakha insimu yonke yezihlahla ezincane nezihlahla. I-Arbutus, i-laurel, i-thuja, i-cotoneaster, i-larch, i-euonymus, i-barberry ye-Thunberg, i-spirea yaseJapane, i-lilac yasePheresiya, i-Benjamin ficus iyafaneleka kule njongo.
Ukudubula
Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela ukusika izihlahla, abanikazi abaningi bavame ukuguqula ibanga elihle ebhola elihle elihlaza. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukusebenza ne-secator entwasahlobo, lapho isiko sikhuphuka emva kokubanda kwasebusika. Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa komqhele, qaphela amagatsha okuncintisana futhi, uma kungenzeka, ususe lowo obuthakathaka. Ukuze kuvune isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukuthi wonke amahlumela athole ukukhanya ngokulinganayo.
Kubalulekile! Uma kungekho ukwanda kwamahlumela emnqandeni, khona-ke umuthi awunamanzi. Futhi ukuvezwa kwamagatsha kubonisa ukukhanya okuncane.
Ukuphakama kwezitshalo zasendlini kunomkhawulo wama-80 cm, lapho kusetshenziselwa ukugaya ukuzama ukukhipha amagatsha omdala angakhulumi, ngoba inani eliphezulu lezithelo livela ekukhuleni konyaka owedlule. 
Ngidinga ukufakelwa
Uma ucabanga ukuthi umuthi womnqumo uhlala kangakanani futhi uthela izithelo, umbuzo uvela mayelana nokufaneleka kokufakelwa kwawo. Ngempela, njengoba uhlelo lwempande luqala, isitsha sesitolo siyancipha. Ngakho-ke, uma uqaphela ukuthi ubukhulu besitshalo nobhodwana abuhambisani, uzodinga ibhodlela elisha. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa ukutshala kabusha iminqumo njalo eminyakeni emibili. Uma kungenjalo, izimpande zabo zizocindezelwa, okuboniswa ngenkathi ekhulayo yesiko.
Inqubo yokufakelwa kabusha is best eyenziwa perevalivaniya earthy coma. Imbiza yembali kufanele ibe mkhulu ngamasentimitha ambalwa ububanzi futhi ihlale yenziwe ngobumba. Lezi zinto zivumela izimpande ukuba ziphefumule.
Umhlabathi womuthi womnqumo ufanelekile noma yikuphi. Into eyinhloko ayengayiphuzi. Ithuthukisa ukukhishwa komkhiqizo. Ngokuvame ukululekwa ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi yendabuko izitshalo eziningi zasendlini nezengadini:
- i-peat;
- inhlabathi eluhlaza kanye ne-turf;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- humus noma umquba.
Uyazi? Izithelo zemithi yomnqumo ngamanzi angu-70 namaphesenti angu-30 - kusuka ngamafutha.
Zonke izithako zixutshwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo bese wengeza umanyolo omncane wamaminerali. Ngaphansi kwesitsha sembali kufanele ufake ubumba obomvu noma oqoshiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungasebenzisa inhlabathi yokuthenga yonke indawo yezimbali. 
Futhi, ukuguqulwa kuyadingeka ukuze iminqumo isetshenziswe njenge-agent yokuvuselela kabusha. Lokhu kusebenza kuma-specimens e-supersaturated, aqala ukubola izimpande. Ukuqonda inkinga akulula esimweni sangaphandle sesitshalo - kuveza amaqabunga futhi kubonakala kungapheli. Kulesi simo, ngaphezu kokuqedwa kwezinqubo ezizimele ezimpandeni, ukungasebenzi kwabo kwe-disinfection kanye nokufakelwa kwesitshalo kuzodinga ukusika iziqongo zeziqu.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokusika
Ukwamukela imbewu entsha yomnqumo kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa ukusika kudume kakhulu ngabalimi. Izinto zokutshala ukuvuna ehlobo, lapho isitshalo sisezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukusika ingxenye ephezulu yezinhlumela ezineminyaka engu-2-4 ezingeni lika-20 cm. Ubukhulu bokusika kumele bube ngaphansi kuka-3-4 cm.
Kunconywa ukuba ushiye amahora amaningana ekugqugquzela ukukhula (Ecosil, Kornevin). Khona-ke ingabeka emanzini ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpande, noma ngokushesha uhhafu-ungene emgodini we-sandy omanzi. Izimo eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa okuphumelelayo komsebenzi wokusebenza izici zendabuko zezitshalo eziningi:
- ukukhanya okuhle ngaphandle kwemisebe eqondile ye-ultraviolet;
- lokushisa - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-20 ° ะก;
- umswakama ophezulu.
Kubalulekile! Ama-Olive, akhulile kusuka kumbewu, faka isiteji se-fruiting ngonyaka we-12 wokuphila, futhi lezo ezitholakala ekunquneni zinika isivuno sokuqala iminyaka engu-3-4. Le nuance kumele icaciswe lapho uthenga isithombo esikhwameni sembali.
Ngemva kwenyanga, isiqu sizojabulela amahlumela amancane. "Umbhede" kufanele uhlanganiswe nefilimu eplastiki noma ingilazi. Kubalulekile ukupakisha ukusika kusukela ebhodini le-spray nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-4, ingafakwa kabusha kwisitsha esisha.
Izifo nezinambuzane: ukuvimbela nokwelapha
Izihlahla zomnqumo ukumelana kahle izifo nezinambuzane. Kodwa ezimweni zobuningi obuningi, ukungabi nokukhanya nezinye izimbangela ezimbi ezibangelwa ukunakekelwa okungalungile, zivezwa ekuhlaselweni kwefungeni le-pathogenic, amabhaktheriya nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Phakathi kwezitha ezimbi kunayo yonke imithi kufanele ibe nesifo sofuba. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngamabhuleki amakhulu emagqabeni amagatsha nesiqu. Ukwelapha isishayo sesitshalo cishe kuphelelwa yisikhathi. Kodwa ezimweni ze-foci encane yokutheleleka, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusika ama-tubercular formations futhi uwaphatha nge-sulfate yethusi.
Kanti futhi kusuka emanzini emthini kungase kubonakale kubonakala, ukugqwala, zonke izinhlobo zokubola. Londoloza isitshalo kusuka ku-fungal mycelium ingathandwa ukubulala i-fungicide. Iqinisekisiwe kahle: "Maxim", "Fundazol", "Skor".
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zikhawulelwe ekutheni futhi zibekwe ezindaweni ezibandayo, zihlinzeke nge-ventilation enhle.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane, umuthi womnqumo, i-whitefly, nezinambuzane ezincane kuyingozi kwiminqumo. Ama-insecticide asebenza kakhulu ekulwa nalezi zinambuzane: i-Aktara, i-Aktellik, i-Detsis, futhi iphinde ikhuthazwe ukusebenzisa i-Karbofos ne-Pyrethrum. Kudingeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, ukulandela ngokunembile izincomo zabakhiqizi. Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana nezinyathelo zokuphepha kwazo.
Futhi ukuze ungabuyiselanga kabusha ukuphulukiswa kwesimiso sokuphulukisa, uwufake ngesikhathi esifanele, uqaphele inani lomswakama ekamelweni nasendlini, ungakhohlwa izidingo zembali mayelana nokukhanyisa nokugcina ukushisa.
Njengoba ubona, ukunakekelwa komuthi womnqumo kuyinto encane, futhi izinzuzo zazo zikhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ozihlinzekela amashumi eminyaka.
