Noma yimuphi umlimi esakhiweni sakhe esinemibhede enamazambane uyazi ukuthi kungakanani okumele kwenziwe ukuthi kutshalwe imali ukukhulisa le mifino, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ngeke kwenzeke njalo ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo. Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezingakhulisa isivuno samazambane, futhi ukutshala ama-tubers ngaphambi kokutshala kungenye yazo.
Kungani uhlumela amazambane
Ukuhluma kwamazambane kuyinqubo ewusizo ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi uvuse amehlo ngaphambili kuzilimo eziyizigaxa. Lokhu kunikeza ukusinda okungcono, izithombo ezinobungani kanye nokukhiqiza okukhuphukile ngama-30-40%. Njengomphumela wokuhluma, amahlumela aluhlaza amnyama aqhakaze ubude obungu-3-5 cm kufanele abonakale kuma-tubers.
Kumazambane agcinwe isikhathi eside ngasekupheleni kobusika, amahlumela amhlophe-apinki ahlala evela. Lezi yizihlumela ezibizwa ngama-shadow (etiolated). Ukusuka kubo, ungabona ukuthi i-tuber ithintwa yi-blight sekwephuzile (kumathiphu amnyama), nangaphambi kokulahla izinto zokutshala ezilimele. Kuvela kubo amahlumela, lapho kwakhiwa khona ama-ma-tubers.
Isikhathi sokuzala nokulungiswa kwembewu
Udinga ukuqala ukuhluma nezilimo eziyizigaxa kusengaphambili. Isikhathi siyoncika esifundeni lapho uhlela ukukhulisa khona amazambane.
Ithebula: Izinsuku zokuhluma kwamazambane
| Isifunda | Ukuqala kokuzala | Ukuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini |
| ENingizimu yeRussia | Ukuphela kukaMashi - ukuqala kuka-Ephreli | Ukuphela kuka-april |
| Izifunda eziphakathi neRussia | Ukuqala kuka-april | Ishumi lokuqala likaMeyi |
| I-Ural, eSiberia | Ishumi lesibili lika-Ephreli | Mid may |
Lapho usunqumile isikhathi, kudingeka ulungiselele imbewu ukuze ihlume. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- Ngesandla hlunga bese ususa amancane kakhulu futhi unesifo (abolile, othambile, onezimbobo, njll.) Nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo kuphela, ezincane, eziqinile ezifanele njengezinto zokutshala.
- Hlikihla nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezisele kahle ngamanzi agobhozayo ukugeza wonke umhlabathi, bese ususa amahlumela wokukhanya (meteyinti) amancane.
- Ngemuva kwalokho faka amazambane esixazululweni se magciwane. Ukuze uyilungiselele, hlanganisa i-potassium permanganate (1 g) noma i-boric acid (10 g) ebhakedeni (10 l) lamanzi. Cwilisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa kuwo imizuzu engama-30.
Uma kunenqwaba yembewu futhi umlimi eyigcina ngokulungile (ecishe njalo iqinisekisa ukungatheleleki okuhle), awukwazi ukuthambisa amazambane ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate, kodwa mane umane ufafaze nezilimo eziyizigaxa
- Hlambulula nezilimo eziyizigaxa futhi emanzini ahlanzekile, bese uzomisa ngokufudumele (+ 22-25 mayelanaC), egunjini elomile nelimnyama lezinsuku ezi-3, lisakazeka ezingqekweni ezi-1-2.
Uma zigcinwa ngendlela engafanele (egumbini elifudumele futhi elinomswakama kakhulu), ama-tubers angaqhakaza ngokwawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, esivame ukutholakala sekwephuze kakhulu. Kulokhu, yehlisa izinga lokushisa lize ku + 1-2 mayelanaNge futhi uqinisekise ukuthi nezilimo eziyizigaxa zimnyama ngokuphelele. Kuyinto engathandeki ukususa noma ukufinyeza izinqubo uma ubude bawo bungaphansi kwama-20 cm.
Amazambane akhulayo kufanele agcinwe endaweni epholile, emnyama kuze kube ukutshala.
Izindlela eziphambili zokuhluma amazambane
Amazambane ahluma ngezindlela eziningi.
Emaphaketheni
Le ndlela ingenziwa ngokulandelayo:
- Lungisa inani elidingakalayo lezikhwama zepulasitiki ezisobala bese wenza izimbobo eziyi-10-12 kuleso naleso sawo ukuze amashubhu akwazi ukungena umoya. Ububanzi bezimbobo ezinjalo buyi-1 cm, futhi ibanga phakathi kwabo lingu-8-10 cm.
- Faka ama-tubers we-8-10 esikhwameni ngasinye bese ubopha.
- Faka okungenalutho efasiteleni, futhi uma lokhu kungenzeki, bese ubeka amaphakheji efasiteleni elomile elandelana. Njengoba kuvame ukubanda eduze kwewindi, kungcono ukubeka indwangu yoboya, amakhadibhodi noma ucezu lweplastiki enogwebu ngaphansi kwezikhwama ukuze kufudumale. Futhi zama ukubeka amaphakheji ekukhanyiseni ukukhanya, hhayi elangeni eliqondile.
Udinga ukwenza izimbobo ezikhwameni ukuze nezilimo eziyizigaxa zingapheli
- Guqula izinto ezisetshenziswayo njalo (njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3-5) ukuze zonke izinhlangothi zamabhulabhu zivele zikhanyiswe ngesilinganiso esilinganayo sesikhathi.
Ukuhluma kwamazambane ngale ndlela kungathatha izinsuku ezingama-25-30. Abalimi abasebenzisa le ndlela bayayidumisa ngokwenza lula ukuthutha ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa baye engadini, kodwa bayalulekwa ukuthi baqaphe ngokucophelela ukuphepha kwezithombo.
Esiqeshini esimanzi
Le ndlela ifanelekile uma ungafuni kuphela amahlumela kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimpande zayo ekwakheni ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa - ngokwesibonelo, lapho imila imbewu noma ukutshala ukulibala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini. Gcina amasheya emabhokisini nenani elanele le-substrate (kufanele ibambe amanzi kahle futhi idedele umoya). I-sawdust ebolile, i-peat, i-humus, i-perlite, i-vermiculite ilungile impela.
Ukuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu, udinga ukukhetha umugqa ongaphansi wokuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa
Ukuhluma kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ungqimba (amasentimitha ama-3-5) we-substrate emanzi ubekwa phansi kwebhokisi.
- Amabhulabhu abekwe kuwo ngokukhululekile.
Ebhokisini lokuhluma kufanele kungabikho izingqimba zamazambane ezingaphezu kwama-4
- Balala ngesendlalelo esifanayo sendlalela emanzi.
- Phinda inqubo kuze kube yilapho izingqimba ze-tubers ezine zisebhokisini.
Ukubeka okuningi akutuswa, njengoba nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zinganda. Gcina amabhokisi egumbini eliqhakazile emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe- + 12-15 mayelanaC. Ungavumeli i-substrate ukuba yome futhi uyi-moisten ngendlela efanele.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpande zokuqala, uthele ukulungiswa ngengxube yezakhi: potassium chloride (10 g) + ammonium nitrate (10 g) + superphosphate (50 g) + amanzi (10 l). Ukuchelela okulandelayo "kungavundiswa" ngomlotha ngesilinganiso sengilazi eyi-1 kafulawa / 10 l wamanzi. Qaphela ukuthi ngesikhathi sokunisela kokuqala ibhakede (amalitha ayishumi) weengxube zezakhi zenzelwe amakhilogremu angama-50 amazambane, kanti okwesibili - ama-80 kg.
Engxenyeni engaphansi yomswakama, amazambane akha izimpande kahle namahlumela
Le ndlela yokuhluma amazambane iyona eshesha kunazo zonke, ngoba amahlumela nezimpande zakheka ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12.
Ngaphandle
Ungaqala le nqubo vele ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho iqhwa lincibilika, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lizosethwa ku-10 mayelanaC. Inqubo imi kanje:
- Khetha indawo. Kufanele yomile, ngisho, ingabi nemfucumfucu futhi ikhanyiswe kahle.
- Uma kungenzeka, fafaza ungqimba (cm cm) womquba owomile emhlabathini. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
- Thela ungqimba (cm cm) wezinto zokulala ezomile (utshani, sawdust, Peat uzokwenza).
Kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20 ukukhulisa amazambane otshanini emoyeni omusha
- Beka amazambane phezulu emgqeni owodwa noma emibili.
- Mboza isisetshenziswa sokusebenza nge-foil ukuze uvikele ama-tubers eqandeni futhi uwanikeze ngezinga elanele lokushisa.
Kuzothatha izinsuku eziyi-15-20 ukumila amazambane ngale ndlela. Ngalesi sikhathi, zama ukufafaza imbewu okungenani kanye ezinsukwini ezi-2 amahora ama-2-3, kodwa kuphela ekomile futhi efudumele (hhayi ngaphansi kuka- +10 mayelanaC) isimo sezulu.
Kukhanya
Le ngenye yezindlela ezilula futhi ezingabizi kakhulu zokukhulisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa:
- Faka amazambane emabhokisini endaweni eyodwa noma ezimbili.
- Faka izikhala egumbini elikhanyayo lokushisa lika + 18-20 mayelanaC. Uma ukukhanya kwelanga kuqondile kumazambane, zama ukwenza ukukhanya kukhanyise noma kumise imbewu ngamaphephandaba (kodwa ungakhohlwa ukukususa lapho imisebe isendaweni ehlukile).
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nambili, izinga lokushisa elisendlini kufanele lehliselwe ku + 10-14 mayelanaC ukugwema ukuhluma kwehlumela. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukulondolozela lokhushisa kuze kube yilapho ama-tubers athuthela embhedeni.
Ekamelweni amazambane aqhuma kuwo, kufanele kube nokukhanya okukhanyayo okuthambile
Kuzothatha izinsuku ezingama-25- 28 ukumila ama-tubers ngale ndlela.
Ividiyo: Ungaluhlanza kanjani amazambane
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwenziwe
Le ndlela ilungele wena uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno sokuqala samazambane. Ukuhluma okuhlanganisiwe kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Beka ama-tubers emabhokisini kuzendlalelo ezi-1-2 bese ubeka ukukhanya okupholile (+14 mayelanaC) indawo yezinsuku eziyi-15-20.
- Ngemuva kwalokho faka ama-tubers emabhokisini nge-substrate enomswakama (i-peat, sawdust, humus, njll.) Kuzendlalelo ezi-1-2 bese ugcina isitaki sokusebenza endaweni ephakeme (+22 mayelanaC) lokushisa kweviki elilodwa nesigamu. Akuvunyelwe ukomisa i-substrate.
- Lapho ama-tubers eqala ukwakha izimpande, nisela i-substrate ngesisombululo sezakhi. Ukwakheka: i-ammonium nitrate (30 g) + usawoti we-potassium (30 g) + superphosphate (60 g) + amanzi (10 l). Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyaphindwa.
Amazambane acutshungulwa ngale ndlela akakhi kuphela amahlumela nezimpande, kodwa futhi namaqabunga.
Ukuhluma okuhlanganisiwe okulungele isivuno sokuqala
Ukomisa
Le ndlela ilungile uma izinsuku zokutshala sezifikile, futhi awukwazanga ukwenza ukuhluma okugcwele. Phansi efudumele (izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-22-25 mayelanaC) nasekamelweni elikhanyayo, usakaze ifilimu eyomile, indwangu noma iphepha (amaphephandaba) bese ubeka kuwo amashubhu ungqimba olulodwa. Amazambane adinga ukufudunyezwa cishe amasonto amabili. Kuyiqiniso, ngeke akwazi ukumila, kodwa-ke imbewu izobe isatshalaliswa kahle, futhi amehlo azoqala ukuvuka, futhi lapho nezilimo eziyizigaxa zisemhlabathini, amahlumela amasha azokwakha ngokushesha kuwo.
Ukomisa amazambane ngaphambi kokutshala kuzosiza ama-tubers ukuthi akhule ngokushesha
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kulula ukuhlumela amazambane, into esemqoka ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele nokunikeza ama-tubers imibandela efanelekile. Landela yonke imiyalo futhi ngokuqinisekile uzothola umphumela oyifunayo.
