I-garlic ekhulayo, cishe zonke izigadi zasendle zibhekene nazo inkinga ye-yellowing yamaqabunga e-garlic. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinto evamile, njengoba amaqabunga ngokuvamile ephuzi ehlobo, okukhombisa isikhathi sokuvuna. Kodwa kungani amaqabunga ephuza ngo-garlic entwasahlobo? Ngokumba i-garlic ephuzi, ungathola amabala amnyama, ama-bulformed, izimpande ezinamathele, nezinye izinto ezingavamile. Kungenzeka ukuthi ugarliki ubheka kahle emva kokuvuna, kodwa emva kwenyanga iba lula futhi kubonisa izimpawu zokubola. Ngezansi ukubuka konke. isikhunta, izinambuzane nezinye izingcindezi ezingaphazamisa isivuno sikagalikhi.
Spring frosts kuyisongo kugallicic
Behlukanisa entwasahlobo (entwasahlobo) futhi ebusika (ebusika) i-garlic. Abalimi babona ukuthi i-garlic yasebusika ngokuvamile iphenduka ophuzi. I-yellowing ye-garlic yasebusika ivame ukuqala entwasahlobo - phakathi nenkathi yama-frosts entwasahlobo. Ubuningi beqhwa asisekho isitshalo, futhi luba yingozi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izimpande ziyancipha, futhi igalikhi ithatha amandla emaqabunga awo.
Ukutshala okujulile kubangela ukukhishwa kwegalikhi kanye nokubonakala kwamaqabunga aphuzi. Ngakho-ke, ukufika kungcono kakhulu ku-5-7 cm. Ungavimbela ukuphuza ngokufaka izihlumela ezincane zikagalikhi ngesigxobo seplastiki.
Uma uqaphela ukuthi igalikhi isivele idalulwe emaqenjini okuqala asehlobo, ukuphatha lesi sitshalo ngokuvuselela okukhethekile ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-biostimulants anjenge-"Epin" no-"Zircon" ahle kakhulu. Lezi zidakamizwa zithuthukisa ukucubungula, ukukhula kwenqwaba yemifino, ukuphikiswa kwezitshalo ezifweni
Inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu idala ukuphuza kwamaqabunga.
Esinye isizathu sokuthi ubisikabhakabhaka busika buyashintsha yini enhlabathini e-acidic. I-garlic yisitshalo esikhiqiza isivuno esihle kuphela enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi. Futhi nge-asidi ephezulu yenhlabathi ukubonakala kwesitshalo kuhlahloka. Umhlabathi omuncu we-garlic awufanelekile neze. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-okwanele enomsoco kanye ne-oxygen.
I-asidi yehlabathi ingancishiswa; lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuwa. Kudingekile ukulungisa ilitshe. I-lime isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okulandelayo: inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu (PH 4 nangaphansi) - 50-70 kg we-lime, i-asidi ephakathi (PH 4-5) - 35- 45 kg, kanye nenhlabathi encane ene-acidic (PH 5-6), 30- 35 kg. I-limestone kufanele ixubane kahle nenhlabathi, futhi kuphela lapho kungabhekwa khona imibhede yokutshala ugarlic. Kodwa ngokufanele, ukuvimbela ukuphuza kwesitshalo esikhathini esizayo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-clove amakhulu wokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubethelwa imibhede kunconywa kuphela emva kwe-mulching.
Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrojeni negalikhi
Inani elinganiselwe le-nitrogen enhlabathini livame ukuphendula umbuzo othi kungani amaqabunga egalikhi ephenduka ophuzi entwasahlobo. Etshalwe ngaphambi kokuqala ebusika, izitshalo zivame ukubhekana nendlala ye-nitrogen. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ekwindla udinga ukusebenzisa i-ammonium sulfate.
Inqubo yokulahlekelwa i-nitrogen enhlabathini, njengombuso, kwenzeka ngesikhathi semvula ejwayelekile. Imvula yahlanza umanyolo emhlabathini. Ukuvimbela indlala ye-nitrogen yegalikhi, kubalulekile ukutshala inhlabathi entwasahlobo lapho izitshalo zikhona esigabeni sokukhula esisebenzayo. Kungcono ukutshala umhlaba ngegalikhi ngezinto eziphilayo noma ezimbiwa. I-urea (carbamide) noma umquba wamanzi ungcono kakhulu njengama-nitrogen fertilizer.
Njengomthetho emkhatsini wemigqa yegalikhi yenza imifantu engavamile bese ubeka khona umanyolo (ngokusho kwemiyalelo). I-groove idinga ukuhanjiswa, bese uthele indawo ngamanzi. Ukuze ugcine unomhlabathi owomanzi, kungcono ukuphakamisa umquba owengeziwe noma i-humus eyomile.
Uyazi? Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa omunye ubuchwepheshe bendlela yokusebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen emhlabathini. Okokuqala, isixazululo silungisiwe: 20 g womanyolo ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. Bese uthele le ndawo phezu kwesixazululo. Ngakho-ke, okuyisisekelo sendlela ukuthi amanzi namanyolo ahlanganisiwe ngaphambili. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu, ngoba izinto ezidingekayo ngokushesha ziya ku-garlic.
Kungani amaqabunga aphuzi egalikhi, izitshalo ezinganele zokunisela
Uma amaqabunga e-garlic ephuzi, futhi awazi ukuthi kungani, khona-ke isizathu singase singene ekutsheni okwanele kwesitshalo. Ukuntuleka komswakama ngokuvamile kuvame ukuguqula umbala wamaqabunga agalikhi omncane.
Ungazikhohlwa ukuthi njalo u-garlic uphawule njalo njalo njalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoMeyi-Juni, lapho kutholakala khona izitshalo. Entwasahlobo, emva kokuqhaqhaqhwa kweqhwa, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo somhlabathi. Ukwenza lokhu, ukhulule inhlabathi ngaphansi kellicisi, emva kwalokho kubonakala ukuthi inhlabathi yanele amanzi. Uma umswakama okwanele, kufanele uqale ukuchelela njalo ugarlic.
Uma uqaphele umswakama obuningi bomhlabathi, ke wena kudingeka ukwenze iziteshi zokugeleza kuzo zonke imigqa yegalikhi.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uchela i-garlic, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanzi aphelile futhi afudumele isikhathi esithile elangeni. Ngesimo sezulu esomile kakhulu, lapho kunemvula, cishe amalitha angu-10 amanzi azosetshenziselwa imitha ngayinye ye square. Ungakhohlwa phakathi kokunisela ukwenza i-break mandatory, cishe izinsuku ezingu-9.
Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium kuthinta kanjani igalikhi?
I-garlic ihlale igxile ekuntulekeni kwe-potassium: amaqabunga amancane kagalikhi aphuzi, abune futhi asomile; izimpande zonakalisiwe; ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufaka umhlabathi nge-potassium sulfate ngezikhathi ezingama-20 gn no-10 l amanzi. I-Potassium ivuselela ukwanda kwegalikhi, ithuthukise ukulinganisela kwamanzi, yandisa ukumelana nesitshalo komsoco nezinambuzane, ithuthukise ukuqina kwayo kweqhwa.
Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium kungatholakali nje ngamaqabunga aphuzi, kodwa futhi ngokubonakala komngcele omncane wokushisa ohlangothini lweqabunga - "inqamuzana ishisa". Ukukhula okungavamile kwamaqabunga kungenzeka, baba mncane futhi bahlaziye.
I-ash ash iyasiza njengomanyolo wemvelo. I-Ash iyinhlangano engcono ye-potash ne-phosphate fertilizer. Nciphisa umlotha ngamanani amancane (ngesilinganiso esingu-100 g / m). Umhlabathi uhlotshaniswa nezici zokulandelela amaminerali ezidingekayo kulesi sitshalo.
Kubalulekile! I-garlic ayibekezelele ukuba khona kwe-chlorine. Ngakho-ke, yi-potassium sulphate, hhayi i-potassium chloride, esetshenziselwa njengomthombo we-potassium wokudla okunamandla.
Izifo zikagalikhi namaqabunga ophuzi
Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela esitshalweni. Ukuhlaziywa ngokucophelela kuzokusiza ukuthola ukuthi kungani amaqabunga egalikhi ephuzi, nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe esimweni esinjalo. Zama ukuqapha isimo somhlabathi nokuhlanzeka kwento yokutshala. Izifo ze-garlic yasebusika zibonakala njengamabala aluhlaza okukhanyayo emaqabunga, amaqabunga aphuzi. Indawo ye-Leaf ithinta ikhanda likagalikhi, uhlala lapho kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu zikagalikhi yizi:
Ukubola okumhlophe kwegalikhi. Amaqabunga ezitshalo ezithintekile aphenduka aphuzi futhi aphephe, ama-bulb avuke futhi agubungulwe isikhunta esimhlophe. Lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokweqile entwasahlobo eyomile futhi lapho kunomsoco okwanele nge nitrogen. Uma ugarliki usulele nge-white white, kuyoba nzima ngokwanele ukuqeda le fungus. Ukubola okumhlophe kungaphila emhlabathini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 futhi kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezibandayo, ezimanzi. Ukubola okumhlophe kubonakala phansi kwamaqabunga, eduze nenhlabathi.
Amaqabunga aqala ngamasu aphuzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izitshalo, ama-amp, bese izimpande ziqala ukubola. Izimila ngokulandelana ziyafa. Kuyo yonke indawo yegalikhi ebolile ingabona ukufometha okumhlophe okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuze uvikele igalikhi ngokubola okumhlophe, sebenzisa umquba wamaminerali (isibonelo, i-ammonium nitrate). Ungakhohlwa ngokuchelela okuvamile, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi isomiso (entwasahlobo).
I-Basal bola. Le fungus ikhona cishe yonke inhlabathi, kodwa, njengomthetho, akuyona inkinga enkulu uma izitshalo zingabuthakathaka ezinye izingcindezi. I-Yellowing iqala ngamasu amaqabunga bese ihamba phansi. Lesi sifo sibonakala sifana nokubola okumhlophe, kodwa ugarlic udiliza ngesilinganiso esincane.
Ukukhohliswa kwe-basal rot kungukuthi akubonakali ngaphezu komhlaba kuze kuvele amaqabunga ephuzi. Phakathi nesitoreji, i-basal rot iyaqhubeka nokubhubhisa isivuno sikagalikhi. Ngemva kokubona amaqabunga aphuzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngokushesha ususe izitshalo ezigulayo ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwesifo. Ukususwa kwe-disinfection kokutshala impahla ngezidakamizwa ze-antifungal "I-Thiram" izosiza empini yokulwa ne-basal rot.
Isibungu esimnyama sikagalikhi noma i-asperillosis. Isibungu esimnyama sibhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubukeka kwayo yindawo engafanele yokushisa. Ngokuvamile ukutheleleka kuthinta ugarlic aluhlaza. Izimila zithola ukubonakala okungenampilo, ama-bulb athambile, namaqabunga - aphuzi.
I-Fusarium Esinye isifo esivamile sikagalikhi, lapho amaqabunga ephendulela khona ngensimbi, i-fusarium. Isizathu salesi sifo sisesimweni esiphakeme somswakama noma ngaphezulu kokuswakama. Kakade inqubo yokuvuthwa amaqabunga aphuzi, kusukela ekuqaleni kakhulu. Lesi sifo sibuye sibonakale njengemivimbo emnyama emigqumeni. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukwelapha ugarliki ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Ubumba obuhlaza (obuluhlaza) noma i-penicillus. Isibunjwa sibonakala njengokubola okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-clove yegalikhi. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka emoyeni futhi kuthinta ugarliki kakhulu. Izitshalo kancane kancane ziyajika futhi zife. Kodwa ngokuvamile ngokuvamile isikhunta esiluhlaza sithinta igalikhi emva kokuvuna, ngenxa yokuphathwa ngokungenandaba. Kudingeka ukulawula igalikhi ngesikhathi sokugcina bese ususa ama-clove awonakele.
I-Downy isikhutha noma i-perinospora. Le fungus ithanda isimo sepholile, sezulu. I-pathogen iyakwazi ukusinda emhlabathini iminyaka eminingi. Lesi sifo singasifinyelela isifo esiyingqayizivele. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe namabala amhlophe afana namazolo. Ukukhula kancane nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo. Amaqabunga aphuzi, ngezinye izikhathi ahlehlise futhi amnyama. Izitshalo ezincane zingase zife. Ukuvikela inhlabathi kusuka ku-peronosporoza sebenzisa ama-biological agents (biofungicides).
Imva (i-grey) ibolile. Imikhono noma i-gray grey iyisifo esivame kakhulu futhi esiyingozi segalikhi. Le fungus isinda enhlabathini futhi ihlasela i-garlic esimweni esinomfudumalo nesimanzi.
Lesi sifo kunzima ukulawula esimweni sezulu esimanzi: izimvula ezinzima noma ukuchelela ngokweqile kungakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwayo. Futhi intamo ukubola ikhombisa ngesikhathi sokugcina. Izimpande eziguquguqukayo, iziqu ezibomvu kanye nama-black clots phakathi kwamazinyo yizibonakaliso ezingenakuqondakala zentamo yokubola. Zama ukuqapha izinga lokuswakama emhlabathini futhi ngokuqondile ezungeze ama-garlic.
I-Garlic Rust. Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu segaliki, lapho amaqabunga ephuzi khona, yi-rust. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka emoyeni. I-rust ithanda imibono epholile, emanzi (umswakama ophezulu). Ama-specks aphuzi namabala avela emaqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga aphendulela i-orange futhi eluhlaza. Imiphumela emihle ekulwa nokugqwala i-garlic inikeza ama-cloves processing processing ngaphambi kokutshala.
Mosaic of garlic. Izingxenye ezingaphezulu ezingaphansi komhlaba zalesi sitshalo ikakhulukazi zibhekene nalesi sifo, okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu ekuvuneni. Amaqabunga esitshalo esinegciwane afakwe amabala aluhlaza, aphuzi noma amhlophe.
I-Garlic Mosaic yisifo segciwane; kubangelwa amagciwane amaningana ahlukene asakazwa ngento yokutshala. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, vela imbewu kuphela enempilo. Njalo ngonyaka, zama ukuvuselela imbewu ngo-30%.
I-yellow dwarfism. Akuwona wonke amaqabunga e-garlic asulelekile, kanti izinga lesi sifo sithinta isitshalo kuncike ezimweni zangaphandle kanye nezinga lokutheleleka. Izimpawu zesifo zi-streaks eziphuzi kumaqabunga. Futhi, iziqu ziphenduka ophuzi, ziphazamise futhi zinike isitshalo ukubukeka okuncane. Lesi sifo asikwenzeka uma lesi sitshalo siqala kancane. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela kuleli cala kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuma.
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko zikagalikhi nendlela yokubhekana nazo
I-garlic ivame ukuhlaselwa yizilokazane ezihlukahlukene ezenza isimo sayo sibe nzima futhi sibangele ukuphuza. I-garlic yellowing kusuka ezinambuzane ezinjalo eziyingozi njenge stem nematode, anyanisi fly, thrips ugwayi, izimpande mite.
I-stem nematode. Inkathazo eyinhloko kagalikhi yi-stem nematode. Ngaphandle, lezi zimbongolo ezincane ezinjengezintambo ezimhlophe, ubude obuyi-1.5 mm ubude. Kodwa, naphezu kobukhulu obuncane, bayamelana kakhulu, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuqeda. Ziyingozi kangangokuthi ziyakwazi ukuletha isiko semifino ekumeleni okugcwele. Le nkathazo ngokuvamile ihlasela umhlabathi owomile kakhulu. Izimila zingase zingabonakali izimpawu ezimweni ezibandayo, kodwa ezimweni ezifudumele uzobona ukuthi amaqabunga e-garlic aphuzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izimpawu ze-stem nematode:
- Amaqabunga e-garlic ahlanganiswe nemivimbo emide yokukhanya.
- Amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, aphephe futhi asomile.
- Kusuka kugarlikhi kuza iphunga elibi elibi.
- Ibhuleji likagalikhi kuqala liba likhululekile, bese liphela ngokuphelele.
Kusukela ezinhlotsheni ezithathelwanayo kumele kube khona ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokuzisola ukulahla - ukumba bese ushisa ngaphezu kwensimu. Uma kungenjalo bazokwelapha izimpande ezinempilo. Ungazami ukuqeda izinambuzane ngamakhemikhali. Kulokhu, akusizi ngalutho. Njengeprophylactic, kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhambi (calendula, thyme, mnint). Hlela amakhambi eduze nemiphetho yemibhede lapho igalikhi ikhula khona.
Uyazi? Umhlabathi ongcolile nge-nematode uhlala ungakulungele ukutshala izitshalo zemifino ngisho nangemva kweminyaka emashumi. Noma kunjalo, utshani obungapheli lungatshala kulezi zindawo.
Anyanisi fly. Kuyinto inhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cishe 10 mm ubude. Ubeka amaqanda ngaphansi kwezilinganiso eziphezulu zegalikhi. I-Larvae - isitha esiyinhloko sokuvuna ugarlikhi, banesifiso esingenakulinganiswa. I-garlic ephuzi kunokushesha. Lesi sitshalo sinciphisa futhi singafa. Ukuze ulwe ne-anyanisi fly uzame ukhethe imbewu ephezulu kuphela yokuhlwanyela, ushintshe indawo yokuhlwanyela.Ugwayi ukhula. I-thrips inomzimba omncane ophuzi ophuzi noma obomvu (0.8-0.9 mm) ngamaphiko. Bathanda isimo sezulu esifudumele nesomile. Kodwa-ke, i-thrips ingaba nobusika phakathi kwe-garlic flakes futhi ithwale igciwane efana ne-yellow dwarfism (okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni). Uma uhlala endaweni efudumele yesimo sezulu, ungabona izizukulwane ezingu-10 zalezi zinambuzane endaweni yakini ngenkathi eyodwa kuphela.
Thrips uncelise ijusi ngokuqondile emaqabunga asitshalo. Isici esibonisa ukuba khona kwalezi zinambuzane kukhona ama-specks amhlophe emaqabunga egalikhi. Amaqabunga aguqa, aphendule futhi aphumele ngaphandle, eqala phezulu. I-Thrips iyaqhubeka nokulimaza ugarlikhi futhi ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ukuze ulawule lezi zilokazane, faka izitshalo ngamakhemikhali (izinambuzane) noma izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo.
Umsuka Tick. Ngaphandle, umuthi unomzimba omncane we-oval (0.7 mm) onemilenze engu-8. Umkhaza uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angama-800 ngesikhathi. Umuthi omdala omdala omdala uhlanganiswa ngenyanga eyodwa kuphela. Lapho umuthi udla ugarlic, izikali ze-garlic zimbozwa uthuli olubomvu, ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga kanye ne-algol bulb ngokwalo ngokuphelele.
Ukuze ubhekane nezimpande zezimpande, usebenzise uhlobo lokungasebenzi ngegumbi lokutshala izitshalo (fumigation nesulfure dioxide noma i-chloropicrin). Le nqubo kufanele iqhutshwe ehlobo lapho igaraji lingekho ngokuphelele. Yonke imfucuza kanye nodoti kufanele ishiswe ngokuphelele. Futhi ungakhohlwa ngokushintsha indawo yokuhlwanyela kanye nokuhlola njalo imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngesibonakaliso sokuqala sokutheleleka, susa futhi ushise imbewu enegciwane.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uqinisekise ukuvunwa okuhle, ungalimi igalikhi endaweni lapho u-anyanisi noma amazambane ayekhulile ngaphambili. Zitholakala ngaphansi kwesifo esifana negalikhi. Lezi zindawo zizophinde zilungele ukufika ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu kuphela.
Ekulweni nezifo nezinambuzane zegalikhi enye yezimo eziyinhloko - Sebenzisa kuphela imbewu enempilo, engenayo igciwane. I-garlic ekhulayo kulula. Landela imithetho ethile yokunakekelwa kwalesi sitshalo, futhi ngokuqinisekile uzothola isivuno esicebile!
