Uma okungenani i-violet eyodwa ivela ekhaya lakho, lungele ukuthi izohlaselwa izifo nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinambuzane. Kodwa ukugijima kancane, sifuna ukusho ukuthi indlela eyinhloko yokuvimbela lokhu kuyindlela yokuzivikela evamile. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola isitshalo esisha, kufanele sibekwe eceleni kwezinye izitshalo futhi uqinisekise isimo saso esinempilo. Okulandelayo, sizoxoxa ngezifo ezivame kakhulu zezidakamizwa nezinambuzane ezibathinta.
Izifo ezisemqoka ze-violets nezindlela zokwelapha
Izifo ezithinta ama-violets zingashintsha kakhulu kangangokuthi abalimi bezimbali abaqondi ngaso sonke isikhathi imbangela yokufa kwezitshalo zabo. Izimpande zibola, izimbali namaqabunga aphelile, kodwa ngani? Ukuphuza okungalungile? Ingabe imbali ithole kancane noma ngaphezulu kunelanga elidingekayo? Ukuthola impendulo yale mibuzo bese uvikela imiphumela engathandeki, udinga ukwazi izifo ezisemqoka ze-violets futhi wenze kahle ukwelashwa kwezimbali. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kuzokusiza ugweme lezi zinhlekelele.
Uyazi? I-Goethe yathanda ama-violets. Ngesikhathi ehamba emadolobheni, wahlakaza imbewu yakhe. Ngokushesha yonke indawo ye-Weimar yayigcwele lezi zimbali. Basakhula lapho, futhi ngokuhlonishwa kwe-classics enkulu babizwa ngokuthi "ama-violets kaGoethe."
I-Fusarium
Lesi sifo sibangela ukubola kwe-rosette ye-violet. Isizathu esiyinhloko saleso sifo sisekunakekelwa okungalungile kwesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, i-fungus "Fusarium" ingena ezimpandeni ezincane ze-violet. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubola okuqhubekayo kwembali kuqala. Izitshalo ziphenduka zibomvu bese ziwa, futhi izimpande zibe mnyama futhi ngeke zisakwazi ukugcina isitshalo emhlabathini.
Yini okungafanele ukwenze uma unakekela ama-violets? Kunezimpendulo eziningana:
- Ukunisela kaningi.
- Vumela ukulinganisa kwenhlabathi endaweni yokukhula kwama-violets.
- Zitshala lesi sitshalo embizeni enkulu kakhulu.
- Vumela izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni ekamelweni nge-violet.
- Thela phezu kwamanzi e-ice.
Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana
Lesi sifo singozi kakhulu futhi senzeke ngenxa yokungena kwamapayipi asefungeni emzimbeni wesitshalo. Bafaka i-violet ngokusebenzisa ama-microcracks emaqabunga nasezimpandeni. Ngenxa yalokho, intamo impande iqala ukubola ngokushesha. Lesi sifo senza uzizwe unamabala aluhlaza emaqabunga ezitshalo. Ama-spores e-fungal angaphila emhlabeni isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke enye yezinyathelo zokuvimbela inzalo ephelele yokubilisa imbali. Ukunakekelwa, okwamanje, kulokhu ngeke kusize futhi isitshalo kumele kubhujiswe. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukudala izimo zomswakama evamile ekamelweni futhi ugeze i-senpoly nge-superphosphates.
Idonsa likaMealy
Uma ama-flakes amhlophe avela emaqabunga e-violet, kanti lesi sitshalo sibonakala sibuthuli ngokubonakala, khona-ke isikhumba se-powdery sishaya. Ama-violets angaphakathi angabhekana nalesi sifo. Amabala amhlophe nawo athinta ama-flower stalks. Ake sikhulume ngezici ezibangela ukuvela kwesifo esinjalo:
- Lesi sitshalo asitholi ilanga lemvelo elanele.
- Umswakama wekamelo udlula u-60%.
- Umoya ubanda kakhulu.
- Ukuqothulwa nokungcola kwesitshalo ngokwawo kanye nommbiza lapho utholakala khona.
- Umhlabathi ngokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium, kodwa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen.
- Amaqabunga amafleta kufanele asuswe ngezikhathi ezithile ngendwangu emanzi.
- Ikamelo kumele lihlanzeke futhi liphuze umoya.
Kubalulekile! Ukunakekela okunjalo akudingekile kuphela ezimweni lapho u-Saintpaulia evele khona ekhaya lakho. Izifo zezitshalo zisebenza njengendlela yokukhathazeka ukuthi indawo yokuzungezile iyingozi kubantu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
Uma usenayo i-white blotch ku-violets yakho, udinga ukwazi ngezindlela zokwelapha. Eqinisweni, konke kulula. Kumele kube yilapho ihlanzwa ngembali nge-bonat noma isisekelo. Umphumela wokwelashwa kungenzeka ukuthi awubonakali ngokushesha - ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ulinde. Ngemva kwesonto nengxenye, phinda inqubo. Emva kokuthuthukisa isimo sesitshalo sithobela zonke izidingo zokuvimbela. Ukunisela ama-violets kufanele kwenziwe ngamanzi, izinga lokushisa elingelona liphansi kunekamelo lokushisa.
Ukugqwala
Amaqabunga amaqabunga, ama-violet abe ngemva kokutheleleka nge-rust fungi.
Kubalulekile! Akufanele kudidaniswe nokushiswa kwe-calcite, okubonakala njengamabala okushisa emaqabeni nasemhlabathini.Kulesi sifo, ingxenye engenhla yeqabunga ihlanganiswe nezicubu ze-orangular, kanti ingxenye engezansi ihlanganiswe ngamapayipi amnyama. Ngenxa yalokho, bayaphazamisa, bekhulula izinhlamvu zefungi elikhukhulayo. Ngemuva kokuxhumana nale nkathazo, amaqabunga ayafa bese ewa. Amakhomikhali ahlala kuphela ezindaweni eziphilayo zesitshalo, futhi ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuvuthwa kwe-mushroom kunomswakama. Eqinisweni, lesi sifo siyisici esiningi sezinye izitshalo eziningi, futhi ama-violets ahlukumezeka kakhulu.
Ukushisa, okufanelekile ukusabalala kwefungi, kufana no-10-20 degrees Celsius. Ukugqwala kungaphulukiswa ngokupuniza nge-fungicides, isisombululo esisodwa sephesenti se-Bordeaux ingxube, noma uthuli lwesulfure.
Grey ukubola
Igama elifanele lalesi sifo yi-botrytis. Yenza ukuhlaselwa kwempunga kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, kubangele indwangu ye-violet ibole. Ngeshwa, lesi sifo sivame kakhulu futhi sikhula ngokushesha. Ukumangala violet kufa ngokushesha.
I-fungus ingena emthini ngokusebenzisa inhlabathi endala. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqinisekise, inhlabathi idinga ukukhuthazwa iphinde ihlungwe ngekhambi le-manganese. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-fungicides. Izingxenye ezibolile kumele ziphonswe ngaphandle kanye nesikhumba somhlaba. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvimbela izinguquko zokushisa okuvame ukwenzeka njalo, kanye nokunciphisa ukuchelela.
Kubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi ukuchelela okungalungile kuyimbangela engezona kuphela ye-botrytis, kodwa futhi nezinye izifo ezivundile.
I-bacteriosis ye-Vascular
Lesi sifo sibonakala, ngokuvamile ngezikhathi ezishisayo. Amaqabunga aphansi angama-violets asho ukuthi ahlanganiswe ne-mucus futhi ngokushesha afe. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-basezol, zircon, prequickur kanye ne-immunocytophyte. Kubalulekile futhi ukupholisa emoyeni futhi uthuthukise umoya wegesi ekamelweni.
Uyazi? Ama-violets asetshenziswe ekungcoleni. E-Parma, e-Italy, amakha "Vera Violetta" athengiswa. Zenziwe ngokusho zokupheka zakudala, okuyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili nesigamu ubudala, kusukela eParma violets.
Ama-violets ama-Pest: izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa
I-Saintpaulias ayitholakali kuphela izifo ezihlukahlukene, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane. I-violets ye-Pest ibuye "ikhanyise" ngokuhluka kwayo, lapho impi ilwa nabo, ibuye ibuyele enkambisweni evamile yokwelapha ngezilungiselelo ezikhethekile. Qaphela ukuthi izinyathelo zokulawula zokuvimbela, kulokhu, nazo ziyadingeka. Ngosizo lwabo, unganciphisa ingozi yokushaya izimbali kancane. Khona-ke sizoxoxa ngokuthi ukuqhutshwa kwezidakamizwa ezivela ezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu.
Amapulangwe
I-Violets ingahlaselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhaza:
- I-red spider mite. Ngemuva kwalo, lesi sitshalo sigcwele amachashazi abomvu nama-cobwebs kuwo. Susa ama-curl bese ufa.
- Isigubhu se-spider esivamile. Amahlamvu ahlanganiswe nemifula eluhlaza.
- Umkhiqizo we-Cyclamen. Ukuhlasela amaqabunga amancane kunazo zonke phakathi ne-rosette. Ngenxa yalokho, bathola isimo esingokwemvelo futhi bagcwele amabala aphuzi.
Kubalulekile! Uma kungenakwenzeka ukucacisa inkathazo, bese uthele umhlaba we-violet "Aktellik" noma "Fitoverm". Leli yindlela yokwelapha yezilonda eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Thrips
I-Thrips - izinambuzane ezincane ezihamba ngezindiza ezinomonakalo ohlukahlukene ezitshalweni zasendlini. Unombala omnyama obomvu futhi udle amaqabunga. Ukungenelela kwabo kungathathwa ngemivimbo emhlophe kanye namaqabunga nezimbali. Ama-speck brown noma amnyama nawo avela. Ukwelashwa akukwenziwa nje ngamalungiselelo "Fitoverm", "Aktellik" noma "Aktar", kodwa futhi ngokungenelela okuqondile - ukuqoqwa kwezinambuzane.
Uyazi? Emasimini ahlotshiswe ngama-deposit zinc, eziningi ze-violets zikhula. Ziyizichwephezi eziyingqayizivele zezwe lembali.
Nematodes
Lezi yizibungu ezincane ezihlala emhlabathini. Bathinta uhlelo lwempande yesitshalo, basiphuza ama-juice enempilo kuwo. Ngokufanayo, zikhiqiza izinto ezinobuthi nezinhlobo ezimazayo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-galls.
Ekuqaleni, inkathazo ayibonakali ngokuphelele. Lapho kuphela ukufakelwa ama-violets, ungakwazi ukunquma ukunqotshwa (okwanele ukuhlola izimpande). Ngokuqhubeka nokuhlaselwa kwe-nematodes, amahlamvu ahlanganiswe namabala aluhlaza, okwenza, ngenxa yalokho, abe mnyama futhi aphule. Iphuzu lokukhula kwama-violet omisiwe namaqabunga aphelile avela kuwo. I-violets ethintwa yi-nematodes ikhula kabi, iyancipha, inganiki izimbali, isitshalo siyaphambana kancane kancane bese ifa. Letha i-nematodes cishe engalingani. Ngakho-ke, imbali kanye ne-primer kufanele iphonswe ngaphandle, futhi imbiza kufanele ihlelwe kahle.
I-Mealybug
Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo sikhubazeke futhi sigcwele izindawo ezibomvu. Amafolda amaqabunga nama-peduncles amancane awonakele. Isizathu saleso sifo siyi-violet mealybug. Ivela kwezinye izitshalo ezithathelwanayo nezilethwe. Ukunquma ukutheleleka ngalesi sifo, kulula ukuhogela. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha kwenhlabathi kuyokhiqiza ukunambitheka okungajabulisi kwe-mushroom. Ngokubheka ngokucophelela, ungabona izimpethu ngokwazo, ezinemfucuza omhlophe.
Ukuphulukisa i-Violet egciwane inikeze izidakamizwa "Aktar", "Aktellik", "Fitoverm". Ungakwazi futhi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokufaka kabusha isitshalo enhlabathini entsha bese ususa ngokucophelela izinsalela zaso.
Aphid
Ama-aphid kuma-violets athinta ama-stalks, ama-buds nezimbali. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza ziphuza isitshalo esitshalweni. Ngemva komthelela wabo, amaqabunga e-violets aphelile futhi aphelile. Uma ama-aphid eningi, enza uhlaka olumhlophe lwamanzi anamanzi emaqabunga. Isitshalo esithathwe ngokuthi "Mospilanom" noma "Aktellikom."
Mokritsy
I-Woodlice yizinto ezincane zama-crustaceans emhlabeni. Ibukeka njenge-armadillos encane. Izimo ezihle zokukhiqiza kwazo ziwumswakama ophezulu nomhlabathi ovulekile. Lezi zinambuzane ezimhlophe zilimaza izimpande futhi zishiya ama-violets. Okuyingozi kakhulu namanje izitshalo ezincane. Inani elithile le-woodlice lihlala ezindlini lapho umswakama ukhona khona. Acaricides (kudingekile ukuthi uphefe lesi sitshalo bese uthele i-substrate enhlabathini).
Uyazi? Ama-Violets eya kumaRoma ayefana nobuso obuncane bokuzibuza. Ngokomlando, onkulunkulu bajezisa abantu ngentshiseko yabo ngaphambi kokugeza uVenus, futhi babaphendukela ezitshalweni.
Izimpukane nezinyosi
I-Sciarides ivela ezindaweni eziningi kakhulu ezinamanzi namanzi aphelile. Abantu abadala abalimazi ama-violets, ngokungafani nezimpungushe zabo. Bashabalalisa ngokushesha i-substrate, bayilimaze izimpande, banciphise ukufinyelela kwe-oksijeni kubo futhi bahlanganise kahle inhlabathi. Okuyingozi kakhulu izimbali ezincane ezinesibindi.
Lezi zinambuzane ze-violets ekamelweni zibangela ukuthi isiqu nesistimu yezimpande zibole. Bahlanzwa ngesisombululo se-karbofos echithelwa enhlabathini. Ukwengeza, umkhawulo webhodini ungagcotshwa ngamaphenyo amancane, futhi ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi lungenziwa umquba ngamaphuphu. Abantu abadala babhujiswa yiziphi izinkanyezi zehlobo lukaReid noDichlorvos. Ungakwazi futhi ukufaka i-tape enamathela ezimpukeni.
Uma kwenzeka ukungcola okukhulu kwenhlabathi ebhodweni, kufanele kushintshwe ngokuphelele. Ukulungele inhlabathi ibalwa kuhhavini. Lokhu kuzokubulala impela isitshalo esilahlelayo, esidonsela lezimpukane kanye nezinyosi. Zama ukungabeki umhlabathi phansi.
Shchitovka nesihlangu samanga
Isihlangu nesihlangu samanga zitholakala emasokweni e-violet, emaqabunga awo noma e-petioles. Izinambuzane zifinyelela ngamamentimitha angu-7 ngobude futhi zibukeka njengezihlangu ezibomvu. Ungakwazi ukunquma umsebenzi wabo onobungozi ngokufihla okunamathelayo ezitshalweni nokuthola okulandelayo. Uma okungenani kunomuntu omdala oyedwa ku-violet, kusho ukuthi kuzodingeka ukhethe zonke izitolo eziseduze. I-Shchitovki ithwala ngaphansi kwesibhamu sayo ama-cubs amaningi, ahamba kalula futhi ahlakazeke kalula. Ukwelapha isitshalo udinga ukuguqulwa kwamagciwane.
Umsila
Bahlala phansi emhlabathini, bathanda umanyolo futhi bayanda ngokuzithandela kuwo. Ama-violets, ngokuyinhloko, awalimazi, kodwa ngobuningi bezimpi, izimpande ezincane zezimbali zingonakaliswa. Ukuze ususe, inhlabathi kufanele iphathwe ngesisombululo se-pyrethrum, futhi inhlabathi kufanele imile kahle.
Ukuvimbela ama-violets ezifweni nezilokazane
Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuthelela isitshalo sakho, landela le mihlahlandlela:
- I-violet esanda kutholakala kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukanisa inyanga inyanga.
- Ungathengi izinto zokutshala emva kwezitshalo ezibuzayo.
- Uma unezinsolo mayelana nesimo sembali ethengiwe, yiphathe nge "Fitoverm" namanzi onke nge-Fitosporina-M ngenyanga. Lena imithi evikelayo kuphela.
- Njalo ubilisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Izwe lazo zokugcina izithombo, imibhede yemifino kanye nezithombo zokugcina zingangcoliswa. Kungcono ukungayisebenzisi. Ukuvuna inhlabathi ehlathini, kude nemingcele yedolobha.
- Hlanza kahle bese ubethela izimbiza.
- Musa ukuveza lesi sitshalo emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
- Ungadluli noma uthule ama-violets. Banikeze ngokukhanya okwanele, ngaphandle kwalokho uzobabuthakathaka.
Uyazi? Iphunga elimnandi lama-violets iyithuluzi elimangalisayo, liphumule umzimba, livuselele umphefumulo futhi liqinise umoya. Ukukhwabanisa ama-violets, ungakwazi ukufaka kabusha amabhethri akho ngethemba netandla lokuziphilisa.
