Izihlahla ze-Apple zeglasi "Ukuzijabulisa kwe-Autumn" zifanelekile ukulima emapulazini asekhaya.
Bagcina ukunambitheka kwabo nephunga kuwo wonke umphefumulo, futhi bayokuletha injabulo hhayi ekwindla kuphela, kodwa nasebusika.
Uhlobo luni?
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalesi sigaba zingezokubukeka kwekwindla. Isikhathi sokuvuna siqala ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithelo zithelelwa ijusi futhi zivuthwe ngokugcwele. Isisindo sesithelo esivuthiwe singaba amagremu angu-120. Izithelo aziwi futhi zigcinwe kahle. Uma igcinwa endaweni emnyama, ebandayo, ama-apula angakwazi ukuqamba amanga izinyanga ezimbili.
Izinhlobo ze-Apple "Injabulo yase-Autumn" ziphakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezivotelwa yizinambuzane kuphela.
Ngenxa yephunga elimnandi le-apula, kungenzeka ukuheha inani elidingekile lezinambuzane ukuze kutholakale impova.
Incazelo enhlobonhlobo injabulo yase-autumn
Izinhlobonhlobo zemithi ye-Apple "Injabulo yase-autumn" izoba iparele legadi yakho.
Izihlahla eziphezulu. Umqhele wabo ukhululekile, uhlangothi. Ihlumela umnyama omnyama, oqondile, oshicilela kakhulu. Izinso - ezinkulu. Amaqabunga amancane, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iphakethi leshidi liphikisiwe, emaphethelweni epuleti ahlangene. Ama-Petioles ahlangene, aphuzi.
Izithelo zilinganiselwe. Isisindo sesithelo esivuthiwe singaba amagremu angu-120. Ukuma kwe-apula kuyindilinga. Umngcwabo awujulile, eceleni kwemiphetho yombala obomvu. I-saucer ibanzi, engajulile. Imbewu yayizilinganiso eziphakathi, izinqolobane ezivaliwe.
Isikhumba sinobukhulu obuphakathi, bushelelezi kuze kuthinte. Umbala we-apula uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengoba uvuthwa, kubonakala ukukhanya okubomvu. Inyama yimibala enemibala, enomsoco, enamanzi.
Umlando wokuzala
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe i-VNIIS. I.V. Michurin umzalisi ovelele S.I. Isaev. Ukuze athole ezihlukahlukene, usosayensi wasebenzisa indlela hybridation. Babesekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zeBrown Striped and Welsey. Esikhundleni sezinhlobonhlobo zomama senziwa nguWelsey.
Ukuze kutholakale ukulingana, izihlahla eziyi-15 zokubeletha kwababelethi zikhethiwe. Impova yenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Esikhundleni se-pollinator, izinhlobonhlobo zobaba zenziwa okokuqala - Imicu emnyama, kanti kamuva umama ohlukahlukene - Welsey.
Ukuvuthwa kwempova kwaphumelela futhi phakathi nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo umbelethi wakwazi ukuthola imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu yahlanjululwa izinyanga ezingu-4. Ukutshala kwaphumelela, futhi kamuva umqeqeshi (umfundisi) indlela yasetshenziswa ekunakekeleni imbewu.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinzima zazibhekene nezimo ezinzima emhlabathini owomile. Lokhu kwamvumela ukuba asebenze ukuphikiswa kwezifo ezinemibala.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Izinhlobonhlobo "Injabulo yase-Autumn" yenziwa ngokukhethekile ekutshalweni eRussia, kepha kamuva yasakazeka ensimini yonke yase-Ukraine naseBelarus.
Leli banga lanele ukungahloniphi izimo zokukhulaNgakho-ke, abanye abalimi bakhuthaza ukuba balimi futhi ezindaweni ezibuhlungu.
Ukujwayela ukuhlukahluka kwezimo ezishisayo, ezimebile zidinga ukuchelela okuningi. Njalo entwasahlobo, umuthi we-apula udinga ukuhlinzekela izakhi ezitholakala emhlabathini ngendlela efakwe.
Akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu ngomhlabathi owedlule. Ngakho-ke, i-apple ezimweni ezinjalo idinga ukuchelela okuningi. Ukuntuleka kokuchelela kungabangela ekunciphiseni kwezihlahla ze-apula.
Lapho ujwayela izimo ezibandayo, ezihlukahlukene azidingi izinyathelo ezikhethekile. Into kuphela engenziwa ngomuthi we-apula ukuze ukwazi ukusheshisa ukujwayela kwayo ukuqhuba njalo. Ukuze izithombo ezincane zifake umquba kufanele ziqhutshwe izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka.
Ngesikhathi semithi, ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenziwa 1 isikhathi ngonyaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, umquba ophilayo ufanelekile kakhulu.
Ukuthela
Leli banga lizokujabulisa ngokukhiqiza. Ngokukhula ezimweni ezinhle, isivuno esivela esihlahleni esisodwa singaba ama-apula angama-90 kilogram. Isisindo esijwayelekile sesithelo esivuthiwe 120 amagremu.
Isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka emine emva kokutshala. Isikhathi sokuvuna siqala ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziyawa, ngakho-ke ungalulali isikhathi sokuvuna.
Uma igcinwe esiqandisini, ama-apula agcina izici zazo izinyanga ezimbili.
Isithombe
Izibonelo ezivelele zezithelo ze-apula "Injabulo yokuthoma" esithombeni:
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Apple "Injabulo yase-Autumn" engathobekile ezimweni zokufika. Kodwa njengoba izihlahla ze-apula zalolu hlobo zivotelwa yizinambuzane kuphela, akufanele zishintshwe nezinye izihlahla zezithelo.
Ithiphu: Khetha indawo evulekile, ekhanyisiwe yokutshala izihlahla ze-apula.
Amalungiselelo okutshala ama-apula kufanele aqale isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esihleliwe. Isikhathi esanele sokutshala se-apula izihlahla zalolu hlobo luzoba kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ngoba izithombo zidinga ukulungisa izimbiza ezingaphezu kwamamentimitha angu-60 ngokujula kanye nemitha elilodwa ngobubanzi. Indawo emigodini idinga ukutshala. Emva kokutshala i-apula kumele iphuze kahle. Lokhu kuzobasiza ukuba bathathe izimpande ngokushesha.
Ukunakekela i-apula kufanele kuqale ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese kuphela ekwindla sekwephuzile. Zonke izinyathelo zokunakekela kumele ziphelele.
Ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kuhlanganisa: ukuhlolwa kwesihlahla, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, ukususwa kwamagatsha omile nokonakala. Ukunakekelwa kwehlobo kuhlanganisa: ukuchelela njalo, ukwelashwa kwezinkuni ezivela ezinambuzane. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Autumn kuhlanganisa: ukugcoba i-white trunk, ukondla isihlahla.
Ngokunakekelwa kahle, i-apula izokuba nenempilo futhi enhle.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Izihlahla ze-Apple "Injabulo ye-Autumn" azifani neze nezifo, noma kunjalo, kunezifo ezibangelwa iphutha lomuntu.
Izifo ezinjalo zihlanganisa: ukushisa amabhaktheriya, umdlavuza omnyama, i-cytosporosis.
Lezi zifo kumele zilwe kanje:
Umdlavuza omnyama Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungavumeli lesi sifo ukungena kusayithi lakho, ngoba ikakhulukazi lihanjiswa ezimpandeni zezitshalo ezincane. Izitshalo ezinokukhula okukhulu kumele zilahlwe. Uma ukukhula okuncane kutholakala ku-seedling, kufanele kususwe futhi i-apula ikhutshazwe. Njengendlela yokuvimbela, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhomikhali e-potash.
I-cytosis. Endabeni yokulwa nalesi sifo, udinga ukusika amagatsha aphethwe yisifo futhi uhlambulule umuthi.
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya. Uma ulwa nokushisa amabhaktheriya, susa amagatsha awonakele bese usulalisa igciwane.
Ukuhlasela kwezilokazane kungadala kakhulu isimo se-apula.
Esikhundleni sezinambuzane eziyinhloko kukhona:
I-aphid eluhlaza. Ukuze silwe nama-aphid aluhlaza kudingeka siphule umuthi Bordeaux liquid.
I-Hawthorn. Ukuze ubhubhise lezi zibungu udinga ukucubungula i-apula ngesihlahla sama-aktellik.
Apple moth. Isilinganiso sokuqala ukuhlanza i-ovary elimele, kamuva umuthi kufanele uphathwe nge-Enterobacterin.
Ukufingqa, singasho ukuthi izihlahla ze-apple zalezi zihlukahlukene zilungiselelwe kahle ekukhuleni emakhaya. Ama-apula anomsoco kakhulu futhi afaneleka kahle ukusetshenziswa noma ukulondolozwa okusha. Ukulimala okuyinhloko kulezi ezihlukahlukene kuyisimo sefufu esifushane sama-apula, okwenza kube nesithakazelo kubalimi bezimboni.
