Ukuqala kwehlobo ehlobo akusiyo ukuphumula kuphela, kodwa futhi kunomsebenzi omningi engadini. Umhlali ngamunye ehlobo uzama ukwenza umsebenzi wokulima ngendlela elula ngangokunokwenzeka, okuyinto imishini ehlukene isetshenziswa. Muva nje, i-wonder-shovel, engenziwa ngesandla, ifinyelele ukuthandwa kakhulu.
Isimangaliso Isikhathi: kuyini
I-classic version yefosholo yesimangaliso yi-foshi ye-bayonet, evumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe inhlabathi yanoma iyiphi inkimbinkimbi. Ithuluzi elinjalo inhlanganisela yamafoloko nama-sleds, ngenxa yokuthi kulula kangakanani ukulima inhlabathi. Yiqiniso, kulula ukusebenzisa ama-tillers, abalimi bamagesi noma bacele usizo oluvela kumshayeli wetrakta, umshini wakhe unamapulazi. Noma kunjalo, zonke lezi zenzo zizodinga izindleko ezibonakalayo ezivela kuwe, yingakho abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukusebenza ngezandla zabo.
Yini ephawulekayo kangaka imfosholo? Amazinyo abukhali we-super-shovel kalula angena emhlabathini, futhi ngenxa yesibindi (esimele njengombambo omude) ungaphakamisa izingcezu ezinkulu zenhlabathi, okuzokhululeka engxenyeni yesibili yamafoloko ebusweni.
Ngokususelwa kokujula kokukhipha nokutholakala kwezakhi ezengeziwe, wonke amadivaysi anjalo angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezintathu: ovamile, thayipha "umlimi" bese uthayipha "imvukuzane".
Amafosholo avamile ezimweni eziningi ayenzeka ekhaya futhi aqukethe imfoloko kanye ne-backstop. Uma usebenzisa ithuluzi elinjalo, empeleni unganciphisa umthwalo futhi ukwandise ijubane lomsebenzi, kodwa lelo fosholo ngeke lixazululwe inkinga ngamabhuloki amakhulu emhlabeni. Kufanelekile kuphela ukusebenza emhlabathini omnyama ophathwa njalo.
Uhlobo lwefosholo olumangalisayo "umlimi" alugcini nje lokumba umhlaba, kodwa futhi inhlabathi ingcono. Ubude be-bayonet buvame ukuba ngu-10-15 cm, okwenza kube lula ukuphazamisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi, futhi i-bayonet ingena emhlabathini ngokuthula, ngisho noma isisindo sesisebenzi singaphezu kuka-60 kg.
Ukujula kwe-bayonet spade bayonet akusi ngaphansi kuka-25 cm futhi kuhloswe ukumba ngokujulile. Ama-potholes asetshenziselwa ngokushesha ukutshala imifino. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwalolu thuluzi oluthile, i-digger izodinga umzamo othile, ikakhulu uma kufanele usebenze enhlabathini ehlanganisiwe noma e-alumina.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe ngezifosholo eziyisimangaliso, kunezinketho zomhlaba wonke, ubude be-bayonet obuphakathi kuka-15 kuya ku-20 cm. Zihle kakhulu ezindaweni lapho inhlabathi ingaba khona ngo-5-10 cm, futhi uhlobo oluyinhloko lomhlabathi yi-chernozem (burozem).Uma izimo zezulu zendawo zingaphezu kanzima, ngisho nokujula okunjalo kwamafosholo angeke akwanele, futhi ngeke ukwazi ukuvuselela inhlabathi ngendlela efanele.
Indlela yokumba ifosholo lemangaliso? Siyabona ukuthi kulula ukuyisebenzisa kanjani: awudingi ukugoba, futhi ingozi yokulimala emhlane wakho unciphise (lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu kubantu abane-radiculitis). Futhi, imizamo edingekayo yomzimba iyancipha, futhi ijubane lomsebenzi, ngokuphambene nalokho, landa. Inqubo yokusebenza ngefosholo ethuthukisiwe yile ndlela elandelayo.
Ukucindezela unyawo esiteji esikhethekile, kubalulekile ukujulisa ifosholo emhlabathini. Ngaphandle kokususa unyawo lwakho esiteshini, thatha isinyathelo sesibili emuva, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo uzenzele umbala kuwe - umhlabathi uzoba ngamazinyo. Ukugqama ukukhanya kwesandla sokunene nesokunene kugwedla emhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela kukhishwa. Kungenzeka ukuguqula umhlabathi ngokunyakaza okukodwa kwesandla phezulu, ulayishe i-friday 10-15 cm emuva. Ngemuva kokuqedela izindlela eziningana, udinga ukuhamba uzungeza isayithi nge-rake bese uphula ama-clods.
Uyazi? Igama eliphelelwe isikhathi lendlovu yesimanje "i-spade". Ivela kuncazelo yohlu lwesenzo "ukungenelela, ukuthuthuka ngezinyawo," okungukuthi, ukucindezela i-bayonet yensimbi.
Ezimbonini zamakhamera amafosholo, izingxenye ezihambayo zivame ukumbozwa umhlaba, yingakho ziqala ukusebenza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi izibambo eziphukile nezikhuni, ezifakwe emagcekeni akhethekile. Emathuluzi azenziwe, zonke izingxenye zixhunyiwe ngokuqinile, ngakho ukuhlukaniswa nokunamathela kuphelelwe ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho ukuthi ifosholo eliyisimangaliso sensimu, elenziwe ngesandla, alinakho amaphutha ngokuphelele. Kukhona amathuba amakhulu okuguqulwa kwamalungu e-soldering noma e-welding ne-breakage wezingxenye zeplastiki (uma zikhona), nakuba lezo ziphutha zivela ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo.
I-spade emangalisayo yenza ngokwakho esiyidingayo
Kunamaphuzu ambalwa okubalulekile okufanele uqaphele uma wenza ifosholo lemangaliso. Ubude be-bayonet lapho buzofaka khona enhlabathini buxhomeke ekujuleni kwenhlabathi. Kulezo zimo lapho kudingeke khona ukusetshenziswa kwefosholo kuphela ukukhulula inhlabathi, u-10 cm uyokwanela, kodwa ngokutshala izitshalo zemifino kuzodingeka ukuba uhlose ngokujulile (okungenani amazinyo kufanele angene emgqeni wobuningi obuswakama-5 cm). Ububanzi befosholo yommangaliso wesikhathi esizayo kuxhomeke endaweni ehlosiwe yomhlaba.
Kubalulekile!Ububanzi be thuluzi akumele kudlule u-50 cm, kungenjalo uzodinga ukwenza umzamo omkhulu.Ukukhetha izinto ezidingekayo ukuze wenze amafosholo wakho omangalisayo, kudingeka ukhumbule ukuthi izinhlobo zezohwebo zisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwefoloko, kodwa hhayi ngokujwayelekile kabili noma kathathu, kodwa ngokubanzi (kusuka ku-35 cm). Lapho isinyathelo esiphakathi kwamagundane asebenzayo sakha cishe ngo-5 cm, amazinyo ayisikhombisa ngobude bemitha yesine. Kusobala ukuthi lokhu akuyona yonke imfucumfucu yesimangaliso, kanti umdwebo, ozobe ukhonjiswe ngezansi, ubonisa ezinye eziningi, imininingwane ebalulekile.
Ngakho Ukudala leli thuluzi ngezandla zakho, uzodinga:
- rebar noma i-doped steel flat nge ububanzi 2 cm kanye nesigaba esiphambene cishe 0.5 cm;
- tube yesikwele nesigaba se-1 cm;
- ipayipi yensimbi enobukhulu obukhulu kunama-5 cm;
- umshini wokushisa;
- ama-bolts namantongomane;
- Isi-Bulgarian;
- ukugoqa;
- sandpaper.
Uyazi? Igama lomuntu owasungula ifosholo eliyisimangaliso alingaziwa ngokuqinisekile, nakuba kukholelwa ukuthi lakhiwe eYekaterinburg.
Imiyalo yokwenza amafosholo amahle ngemidwebo
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhiqizwa okuzimele kwemifosholo emangalisa, kubalulekile ukunaka izici eziyisisekelo zokwakha zethuluzi elinjalo. Ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, amafoloko ahanjiswa ngendlela evulekile ehlathini eqhutshelwa phambili futhi efakwe ngokuzungezile, ehambisana nokuma ngemuva (kwezinye izimo, ifreyimu ishintshwe ngesilenge esincane). Phakathi kwamazinyo, ama-counter-rod aphuthelwa, okuyinto efana kakhulu ne-rake.
Ithuluzi lingaba nezibambo ezimbili, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kuyisibambo esivamile, njengefosholo noma ifomkhi efanayo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izimo ezisebenzisayo isibambo sokhuni, ngoba insimu enjalo ingakwazi ukuphuka (amazinyo ngokuvamile ayamathela ezimpandeni). Esikhundleni sepayipi yensimbi yokusika (isibonelo, aluminium) ingafakwa. Uma isibambo sokhuni siphuka esidlekeni sensimbi yezitshalo, esisekelweni sayo, khona-ke kuyoba nzima ukukhipha imfucumfucu, kanti kuphela indlela yokuphuma ukuzama ukuyixosha.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezenziwe lula, umklamo ohlanganisa uhlaka kuphela, okufanayo kanye nokugcizelela (okutholakala ngemuva kwengxenye yokusebenza). Amazinyo aqondiswe ngqo endongeni yangaphambili, emaphethelweni awo okuyizinsimbi ezithinta ezinye izimbambo ezimbili. Le nguqulo yefosholo emangalisayo yenziwa kaningi ekhaya.
Uyazi? Ezinsukwini zakudala, ifosho ejwayelekile ngokhuni (noma, njengoba kwakuthiwa "i-blade") yayinebubanzi obungama-intshi angu-6-14 nobude obuyizingalo ezingu-8 kuya ku-16, futhi lokhu kube nobude obuphelele ngesibambo 1½-1¾ i-arshin. ERussia, wonke amafosholo kanye nama-blade aqoshwe ikakhulukazi kusuka ku-aspen, ngezinye izikhathi avela ku-linden noma e-birch, futhi ngisho nakakhulu kakhulu emkhokheni noma e-maple.
Lapho uzikhiqiza amafosholo omangaliso, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukudala ama-bayonethi, ngenhloso yokuthi ukuqiniswa okulungiselelwe kusengaphambili kuthathwa izicucu zobude obudingekayo. Imikhawulo yalezi zingxenye ibukhali kusukela ohlangothini olulodwa ngeceleni lika-30 °, nakuba ngabe inhlabathi endaweni yakho ithambile, i-angle ye-bevel ingancishiswa ibe ngu-15 ° (nakuba lokhu kuzoholela ekufakeni okuyingxenye yokusika).
Ukuba nama-bayonethi adingekayo ezandleni zakho, ungaqhubeka nokudala ibha yenkampani yenethiwekhi, ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yesikhumulo sikwele inqunywe. Kubuye kulungele ukulungiselela ithubhu elingenalutho elizobe lidlala indima yesibambo. Zonke izakhi ziphethwe ngokulandela imidwebo evezwe ngezansi.
Izinzuzo nezimo zokusebenzisa ifosholo eliyisimangaliso ensimini
Ngakho-ke, sesivele sithole indlela yokwenza ifosho eliyisimangaliso wena, nokuthi yini ongayidinga lokho. Kodwa ingabe leli thuluzi liyadingeka ekhaya? Kubalulekile ukucabangela zonke izinzuzo nezinkinga zalesi sakhiwo.
Imfosholo yemangaliso ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kunabanye abalingani bayo, ngoba:
- kusiza ukunciphisa ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba;
- kwandisa ijubane lokumba ngenxa yobubanzi besiteshi;
- Kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa;
- ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi;
- unayo inkomba ephezulu yokuthembeka.
Kukhona futhi amaphutha okuklama, okufaka okulandelayo:
- ukubunzima kwemisebenzi yokulungisa;
- ukungakwazi ukubamba ukumba;
- ukungenakwenzeka kokumba izimbobo;
- ngomsebenzi okhiqizayo, isisindo se-digger akumele sibe ngaphansi kuka-80 kg.
Ithuluzi liphelele nje ngomsebenzi ovulekile. Ngokusekelwe ubude bama-bayonethi emafolokheni amakhulu, i-pothole isetshenziselwa ukukhulula inhlabathi noma yokuhlwanyela. Ngakho-ke, ukujula kwama-15-25 cm (izibalo eziqondile zixhomeke ezingeni lokungcola kwenhlabathi) kuyoba ngokwanele ukutshala amazambane, iklabishi, ummbila kanye nezitshalo eziningi zemifino. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwa ukuthi utamatisi, uphepele kanye namakhukhamba atshalwa ngokushesha yizithombo, kuzodingeka ukuthi benze izimbobo ezihlukene. Engadini, ihlumela eliyisimangaliso ngeke libe usizo: akufanelekile ukutshala izihlahla nokudala izimbobo ezihle.
Ukucaphuna konke okushiwo ngenhla, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imishini enjalo iyoba usizo nakanjani kubanikazi bemifino yemifino esetshenziselwa ukutshala imifino, kanti indawo okumele ilashwe akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwengxenye yekhulu, kungenjalo kuyoba lula ukwenza umsebenzi ngefosholo ejwayelekile.
