Izakhamuzi zasehlobo zasehlobo, kanye nabaqalayo kuleli bhizinisi, mhlawumbe bayazi ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukunakekela insimu. Ukhula, ilanga elivuthayo kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene libulala ingxenye enkulu ngokwanele yesitshalo esizayo, ngakho-ke inkinga yokulondolozwa kwayo ibaluleke nakakhulu. Isibonelo, uyakwazi ukumboza imibhede ukuwavikela ekuthandeni okungalungile kwemvelo? Cha? Khona-ke lesi sihloko senu.
Ifilimu ye-polyethylene
Izinto ezidumile kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa isikhathi eside ifilimu yeplastiki. Lapho kungasetshenziswanga khona: empilweni yansuku zonke, embonini ngisho nangesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-dacha-ingadi, ngoba sekuyisikhathi eside indaba eyinhloko yokudala i-greenhouse (izinguqulo ezahlukene zefilimu zinempahla ehlukile).
Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwefilimu ezinzile, i-UV-stabilizer yengezwa ekubunjweni kwayo, okusiza ukuvikela ukumbozwa kwe-polymer emiphumeleni emibi yelanga. Izinga lokuzinza lento enjalo linqunywa inani lemoto elongeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idayi ivame ukungezwa ku-ifilimu, engashintsha ukukhanya kwelanga.
Kubalulekile! Ifilimu ye-polyethylene ingalondoloza ukushisa kahle futhi igcine umswakama ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isakhiwo namandla enhlabathi. Futhi, ngenxa yakhe, uyakwazi ukuvikela inhlabathi ekuhlanjululeni umquba, okusho ukuthi ukuvunwa kuzoba kusenesikhathi.
Ukuhluka okuthakazelisayo kakhulu kwalokhu okuhlanganisiwe kwensimu kuyinto ifilimu emnyama nelomhlophe, ohlangothini olulodwa olumnyama nolunye lumhlophe. Kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, lapho kuhlanganiswe khona umhlaba ohlangothini olumhlophe, okwenza kube nokukhanya kwelanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlangothi olumnyama aluvumeli ukhula luhlume phakathi kwezitshalo ezinempilo.
Ukuyingqayizivele kwefilimu yeplastiki ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kubonakala ezingeni eliphakeme lamandla nokumelana nokucindezeleka komshini. Kungenzeka ukufezekisa izinga eliphakeme lokusebenza ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokukhiqiza impahla, uma ukufaka isikhwama sokugcizelela kufakwa kwifilimu engqimba ezintathu phakathi kwezingqimba.
Ukwakhiwa kwefilimu eqinisiwe ngokuvamile kuvame ukufaka ama-UV stabilizers, okuvumela ukuthi kungabonakali kuphela ukusabalalisa imisebe yelanga, kodwa futhi nokwandisa impilo yefilimu ngokwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhula ngokuya.
Uyazi? I-Polyethylene iyatholakala ngokungahleliwe ukuthi injiniyela engumJalimane uHans von Pechmann wahlangana ngo-1899.
Phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo zefilimu ye-polyethylene, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa ikhono elihle lokudlulisa ukukhanya, ikhono lokugcina ukushisa nokuvikela izitshalo kusuka kuqhwa nesiphepho.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuya ukungalungi kwesicelo kufanele kufaka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukusebenza kuphela okuhambisana ne-frame, ukungakwazi ukudlula umswakama kanye nomoya (kufanele uhlale unisela amanzi futhi uvuse izitshalo, okwandisa izindleko zabasebenzi) kanye nokutholakala kwezifo zezitshalo, okubangelwa ukuqoqwa kwe-condensate ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwefilimu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kwemvula, uma amanzi eqongelela kuwo, ifilimu ingase igweme. Ngokujwayelekile impahla ye-polyethylene yesilinganiso yanele kwenkathi eyodwa, nakuba ungazama ukwandisa impilo yakho yesevisi ngokususa, ukugeza nokucwilisa ngokuphelele ngaphambi kwesikhathi esilandelayo se-dacha.
I-Woven Polypropylene Fiber
Izinto ezingavunyelwe ukuhlanganisa imibhede (kufaka phakathi nobusika) - Lena umkhiqizo onobungane, okukhiqizwa yi-polypropylene fibers ehlanganiswe ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphezulu. Ngaphandle, izinto ezingelusiwe zifana nefilimu ye-polyethylene, kodwa izimfanelo zabo zekhwalithi zisehlukile.
Okokuqala Lezi zinto zilula kakhulu futhi zilula ngaphezu kwe-polyethylene, futhi zingakwazi ukumboza izitshalo ngaphandle kokusekelwa, nje ngokuphonsa ingubo phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo yokuqhathanisa nayo ikhono lokudlula umswakama nomoya, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuphuza izitshalo ngaphandle kokukhipha isembozo sabo.
Kuye ngesilinganiso sobuningi, i-polypropylene fiber engekho eboshwe ingahlukaniswa ibe izinhlobo eziningana:
- 17-30 g / m2 - izinto ezikwazi ukuvikela izithombo ensimini ngaphandle kwelanga elinamandla elivuthayo kanye nezinhlanzi zasebusuku, kanye nokukhanya okuhle kwamanzi, umoya nokukhanya, okuhambisana nokuqhuba kahle kwe-conductivity, kusiza izitshalo ukudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwazo.
Enye inzuzo engenakulinganiswa yokusebenzisa le ndaba njengendawo yokukhosela yokushisa isithombo esihle sokuvikelwa kwezinyoni nezinambuzane. Ngenxa yalesi sihloko esinabantu abanama-17-30 g / sq.m, bahlanganisa imifino, amahlumela, amajikijolo, izithelo nezitshalo zokuhlobisa, ezivame ukukhula emhlabathini ovulekile.
- 42-60 g / sq.m - Iphelele lapho kwenzeka ukwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse ene-arcs, futhi kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka indawo yokuhlala yasebusika ezitshalweni.
- 60 g / m2 - izinto ezinomsoco ezingenayo okwenziwe "ezivilaphayo", izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa okukhokhela ngokugcwele imali yayo yemakethe.
Esigabeni sokukhiqizwa kwe-polypropylene fiber engeyona eboshwe, izinkampani ezithile zingangezela ekubunjweni kwayo i-UV stabilizer eyenzelwe ukwandisa impilo yomkhiqizo.Ukwengezwa kwe-carbon black kunikeza okungewonawovens umbala omnyama osiza ekutholeni ukukhanya kwelanga, ukuze izitshalo ngaphansi kwesiphephelo zithole ukushisa okwengeziwe, futhi ukhula olufihliwe elangeni luyafa ngokushesha.
Ngokuvamile, izinto ezimnyama zivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-mulch, futhi umhlophe uhanjelwe amafreyimu ukuvikela ingadi. Isakhiwo salo mthombo sivumela ukuba siphume ngokuphelele umswakama, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanyolo aketshezi akulula.
Esigabeni sokukhiqizwa kwe-polypropylene fiber engeyona eboshwe, izinkampani ezithile zingangezela ekubunjweni kwayo i-UV stabilizer eyenzelwe ukwandisa impilo yomkhiqizo.Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezingekho ngaphansi kwezinto ezingenayo i-nonwoven ezethulwa namuhla kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha ukhetho olufanele. Noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa lokho okuyinhloko yazo zonke kuyafana, futhi umehluko uhlala kuphela kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza futhi, ngokuqinisekile, ngentengo.
Inketho ethandwa kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya spunbond (izinto ezingezona eziboshwe ezenziwe nge-polymer ecibilikile e-spunbond), ogama lakhe langempela laba igama lekhaya lokugqoka izinto.
Ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi abanikazi be-dacha bahlele ukwenza isinqumo: i-spunbond noma i-agrospan (okungewona okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisa izinto zokuphila).
Ukumboza imboketshi yendaba
I-mulch ihlanganisa impahla (noma umane nje "mulch") - Lena umkhiqizo wezinto eziphilayo noma ongokwemvelo, ovame ukusetshenziselwa izinhloso zokulima.
Inketho ye-Organic ihlukaniswa ukuthi kungenzeka ukubola ngokuhamba kancane, ngenxa yalokho inhlabathi inikezwa ngezinto eziwusizo (izici zayo zithuthukisiwe kanye nezinguquko ze-acidity). Uma sicabangela ushintsho ekuphenduleni kwe-asidi yenhlabathi, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise isikhwama semvelo ngokuqapha okukhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo impahla ye-mulch engahleliwe okuyinto ingenziwa ngesimo samatshe, isithebe, amatshe, itshe elichotshoziwe, i-granite nama-marble chips, ngaphezu kwenhloso eyinhloko, futhi yenza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa.
Njengoba i-mulch ensimini ngokuvamile isebenzisa ifilimu emnyama nombala, engahlanganiswa nezimila zokuhlobisa.
Yiqiniso, kuphela uma kunenhlanganisela ehambisanayo nenombala enhlobonhlobo ehlotshisiwe (isibonelo, inhlanganisela enhle inikeza impahla engavumelekile engezansi kanye negxolo lomuthi ngenhla) ungathola umphumela ophumelelayo kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, i-mulching agrofibre ibhekisela ezintweni ezingenayo i-polypropylene, okungukuthi, nakuba kungabonakali kubantu, izilwane nezitshalo ngokwayo, akushiyi nhlobo ithuba lokukhula ukhula ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya. Ubuningi balolu hlobo "lwendwangu" (okwakhiwa ukushisa okusetshenziselwa ukushisa) lusetshenziselwa ukuthi lube ngu-50-60 g / sq.m.
Indlela yokusetshenziswa kwempahla yokuthungatha i-mulch yile ndlela elandelayo: ukulinda kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi ikhala ngemuva kwebusika, kumele ilungele ukutshala. Emva kwalokho, i-agrofibre emnyama isakazeka kuyo yonke imibhede, okufanele ivimbele ukuhluma kokhula.
Izithombo ezincane zezitshalo eziwusizo zihlwanyelwe emasongweni abhekene nesiphambano, okwakhiwa ngaphambilini ephepheni elisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi into yokusika. Ngakho-ke, bobabili abalimi balimi kanye nabalimi abahlanganyela ekutshalweni kwezithelo nemifino bazigcinele ukuba basebenzise i-herbicide ekulawuleni ukhula.
Ukwengeza, awusadingeki ukuba uphele isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezidakayo, uchithe umzamo omkhulu wokulimaza ingadi yemifino. Ngeke kube khona ukhula kuwo, futhi izitshalo ezinempilo ezikhula ngisho nemigqa zizokwazi ukukujabulisa ngokuvuthwa okusheshayo.
Ama-strawberries avame ukutshala emgqonyeni wokugqoka. Kulula kakhulu ukukhulela ngale ndlela, ngoba iminyaka emithathu awukwazi ukucabanga ngesitshalo sokufakelwa kwezitshalo, kanti ukhula lungaphansi kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, umhlaba ngaphansi kwefilimu uhlala ungasabeka kakhulu kunaphansi kwezinto ezingelusiwe.Kulula ukuchaza lesi simo: ngesikhathi sezimvula, ngisho nobheya okhulayo kumkhiqizo ongenalutho unomswakama obuningi kunokuba usuke emhlabathini. Kuvela ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu kunemibandela evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sonke isitshalo esikhulu sihlala sihlanzekile ngokuphelele.
I-Polycarbonate
Ukugqoka i-Polycarbonate - enye indlela engcono kakhulu yefilimu yokufihla izindawo zokugcina izithombo. Lezi zincwadi ezinokwethenjelwa zikwazi ukuvikela zonke izitshalo ezivela emvuleni, emoyeni nasebhaktheriya, okudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezilimo ezinempilo. Okuyisisekelo I-Polycarbonate yiplastiki yesikhwama, ephakathi nendawo, into efana ne-"honeycomb" ehambile. Kukhanya kakhulu kunomkhiqizo oqinile futhi awunawo iphunga elimqoka, futhi amashidi ahlukaniswa ngamandla aphezulu.
Uyazi?Uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi, ishidi lama polycarbonate yeselula linesisindo esingaphansi kwezikhathi ezingu-16, futhi uma siqhathaniswa ne-acrylic, isisindo salo siyoba kathathu ngaphansi.Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukumelana nokushisa kanye ne-plastiki enhle kakhulu yalokhu okubonakalayo, futhi i-polycarbonate ebonakalayo nayo ingadlulisela ku-92% wemisebe yelanga. Ngokuvamile, lapho udala amashidi e-polycarbonate, ama-UV stabilizers ayengezwa engxenyeni, okukhulisa kuphela impilo yokusebenza yezinto ezichazwe.
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bamashidi e-polycarbonate akhiqizwa namuhla anencazelo elandelayo: 2.1 x 2 m, 2.1 x 6 m no 2.1 x 12 m, kanti ubukhulu bawo buhlukahluka ngo-3.2 mm kuya ku-3.2 cm.
Uma udinga i-polycarbonate ekhanyayo, noma uthanda amathoni ahlakaniphile kakhulu, kunoma yikuphi, ngeke ube nezinkinga ngokuzikhethela, ngoba abakhiqizi namuhla banikeza i-palette ye-shades enhle kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nesakhiwo, kunzima nakakhulu, okuqukethwe okungcono kuzokwazi ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka eqhweni nasemphefumulweni. I-polycarbonate greenhouse ilula ukuhlangana futhi izokwazi ukukujabulisa isikhathi eside nokuthembeka kwayo.
Igridi
Ngokufaka izinto zokwakha kungathiwa, futhi shading igridi. Yiqiniso, lokhu akuyona yindwangu yokubamba ukushisa, kodwa eyenziwe nge-polypropylene ngokungezwa kwe-UV stabilizer, ibuye ikwazi ukuvikela izitshalo zezolimo kahle elangeni elishisayo.
Iningi izitolo zinezinketho eziluhlaza, kepha ungathola nomhlophe ongathathi hlangothi. Ubukhulu begridi lenziwa ukuba luhlelwe, kepha ububanzi balo buhlala bujwayelekile futhi buhambisana nemitha engama-4. Ngokuvamile, lawa manetha asetshenziselwa ukukhetha izithelo lapho nje esakazeka ngaphansi kwezihlahla.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, kodwa umgomo oyinhloko wokuzikhethela impahla yokumboza yizinto okulindelekile nomphumela oyifunayo kusuka kulesi sicelo. Isibonelo, uma kudingekile ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka emaqanda abuyelekayo, kufanele uqaphele ukuphambana noma ifilimu emhlophe, kuyilapho izinsimbi ezimnyama zifanelwe kahle ukuze zihlanganiswe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuncike ekuhlanganiseni kwezezimali kulokhu, nakuba kungcono ukutshala izitshalo ngokuqhubekayo, kungcono ukusebenzisa imali kanye ukuthenga umkhiqizo ongcono kunokuba usebenzise imali ekuthengeni nasekufakeni indawo yokukhosela entsha njalo ngonyaka.
