Ficus - izitshalo ezishisayo ezishisayo ezivela eSouth naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Abantu baseYurophu bajwayelene nalesi sitshalo phakathi nomkhankaso wamaNdiya waseMakedon ngo-327 BC. Umsunguli we-botany, uTheophrastus, owahlanganyela kulo mkhankaso, wachaza umuthi omkhulu ohlanganisa amamitha angu-300 nesithunzi saso. Kwakuyimali yeBangal, noma i-banyan tree.
Uyazi? ERoma lasendulo, amaLatini abizwa ngokuthi ama-fig ficus. Namuhla, i-ficus ibizwa ngokuthi i-genus yonke yezitshalo ze-mulberry, enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane.
EYurophu, ama-ficus avela ekhulwini le-19, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zazijwayele ukukhula ezimbizeni. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Inkathi yokuthandwa kwamaficus.
Phakathi kwabo, uthando olukhethekile lwajabulela isitshalo se-rabber (esithambile, esibanzi) - i-Ficus elastica, izinhlobo zazo zande kakhulu. E-India, igama layo libizwa ngokuthi "inyoka": ngesikhathi sokukhula, luyakha izimpande ezingenasidlangalaleni ezithatha amanzi emoyeni omanzi.
Ngokwemvelo, izitshalo ezinjalo zifinyelela ku-30-40 m. Izimo ezingaphansi kwamakamelo, uma izikhala zesikhala, zingakhula zibe ngu-2-3 m bese ziphila iminyaka engama-50.
Zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zenjoloba zenjoloba zinemisebenzi ejwayelekile elandelayo:
- uhlelo lwempande kanye ne-air-root;
- amaqabunga akhulu futhi anwebeka ngokukhanya okukhulu (ubude - kufika ku-25-30 cm, ububanzi - kufika ku-10-15);
- amaqabunga amaqabunga - i-oval ngesiphetho esiphezulu;
- umbala ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamagqabi aluhlaza (ukuhlukahluka kwe-shades namaphethini kunokwenzeka ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene);
- umbala we-underside weqabunga umbala obala ohlaza, opaque, onomvini ophakathi obonakalayo;
- ijusi elimhlophe lacteal equkethe isoprene;
- ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile okunzima (ikakhulukazi amaqabunga aluhlaza);
- kulula ukululama ngemva kokudubula;
- I-Ficus ekhula ezindizeni zasendlini ingavamile kakhulu;
- unomkhuhlane oqinile wezifo.
Uyazi? Imizamo yokuthola i-raber kusukela ku-plant fiber (ebizwa ngokuthi umuthi we-raber waseNdiya noma umuthi wase-Assam) ezingeni lezimboni azizange ziziphendulele. Okuqukethwe kwe-isoprene kufinyelele ku-18%, kanti kuyi-Brazilian Geveans ingaphezu kwama-40%.
Ama-cultivars e-ficus e-rubbery aphikisayo azwa kahle kakhulu ekukhanyeni okukhanya okukhulu. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, i-ficus izoqala ukwelula ngaphezulu kakhulu phezulu, futhi amaqabunga aphansi azowa. Uma kukhona ukukhanya kwelanga emaqabunga, izindawo ezikhanyayo (ezishisayo) zingase zifake, zizoqala ukugoqa.
I-Ficus kufanele ifakwe umanyolo we-nitrogen oqukethe umanyolo (njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili).
Izinhlobo ze-Ficus ezithakanyiswayo zihanjiswa ngokufakwa noma ukubeka. Esikhathini sokuqala, udinga:
- unqume umuthi ube ngu-9 - 15 cm (amaqabunga owodwa noma amabili enempilo kufanele ahlale kuwo - kungcono ukuwafaka ebhukwini bese uvikelekile ngebhodi le-rubber);
- hlambulula (khipha ijusi elimnandi) ne-powder nge "Kornevin", "i-Heteroauxin", "i-Humisol" noma enye evuselela ukuqhuma;
- ukuvuthwa kwemithi, sebenzisa i-vermiculite, ingxube ye-peat ne-perlite (phezulu ivaliwe ne-polyethylene) noma indawo emanzini ekushiseni kwe-+ 22 ... 25.
Enye indlela ukhiqizwa yi-cuttings (uma kungekho amaqabunga e-stem). I-incision yenziwa emagqabeni, indawo emelekile isongwe nge-sphagnum emanzi futhi ihlanganiswe nefilimu. Lapho kufika izimpande, ihlumela lithelwa futhi litshalwe ebhodweni.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqina kwe-Ficus akunakwenzeka neze ukunqoba ngokweqile (ekwindla-ebusika - ikakhulukazi!).
Ukusika izihlahla njalo kuyadingeka kumaficus. Okokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kokufinyelela ukuphakama kwe-0.5 kuya ku-1 m. Kunconywa ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo (amagatsha ohlangothini azothola ukwanda kwe-hormone yokukhula futhi uzoqala ukuthuthukisa ngokunamandla). Amagatsha okubambisana nawo athwalwa.
Ama-cultivars e-Ficus rubbery angathinteka yizinambuzane ezinjalo. njenge:
- isicabucabu (ukwesaba isobho noma "Aktellika");
- isihlangu (susa izinambuzane nge-cotton swab nge-insecticide, ugeze ngesobho kanye nezixazululo zegwayi);
- i-thrips (kubalulekile ukususa ungqimba ophezulu wenhlabathi, ugeze isitshalo uphinde uyiphathe nge-insecticide - "Fitoderm", "Vertimek").
Izimpawu zesifo: ukuwa kwamaqabunga aphansi kanye nokuvezwa kwe-trunk, ubuchopho, i-pallor yamaqabunga, izindawo ezimnyama phezulu, emaceleni amhlophe - amabala amhlophe, iphunga lokubola, ukutholakala kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane.
Lezi zibonakaliso zingase zibe ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi, umswakama owedlulele, umoya omile, ukukhanya okuncane, ama-drafts, ukushisa kwelanga, njll.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhlola okujwayelekile kuzokusiza ukubona izibonakaliso zesifo ekuqaleni, uma lesi sifo singasombululwa ngokushesha.
Uma ungabikho kuze kube yinyanga eyodwa, i-ficus kumele isuswe elangeni, ifakwe epanini nomhlabathi (ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa ngodaka olwandisiwe noma amatshe amatshe phansi), uthele futhi ufake izitsha ngamanzi eduze kwayo (lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama).
Isitshalo se-rubber, ngenxa yokuguquka kwemvelo, yenza kube lula ukubonisa izinhlobo ezintsha ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Cabangela okuthandwa kakhulu:
Abidjan
Igama lalezi zihlukahlukene livela egameni lomuzi eCôte d'Ivoire (West Africa). Uthanda ukukhanya okukhulu. Amahlamvu amaqabunga. I-oval futhi ibhekise ekugcineni kwamacembe (ubude - 25 cm, ububanzi - 17 cm), i-vein elula ebonakalayo (i-burgundy engezansi).
Izici zokunakekelwa kwesitshalo:
- kudingekile ukutshala kabusha embizeni ehlala njalo ngemuva kokuthi "isetshenziswe" endaweni entsha (phakathi nalesi sikhathi i-ficus ingahle ichithe amaqabunga ayo) - emavikini angu-2-3;
- ehlobo ukuphuza kanye ngesonto, ebusika - kanye ngamasonto amabili. Amanzi okuchelela ukuvikela;
- spray bese usula amaqabunga;
- i-stem eyinhloko yokugcoba ekuphakameni kwama-20 cm.
- inhlabathi - i-turf, i-peat nesihlabathi;
- once in 2-3 eminyakeni utshalwe zibe ebhodweni elikhulu;
- ukushisa okunethezeka - 18-25 ° С (ehlobo) no-16-18 ° С (ebusika);
- besaba kakhulu ama-drafts.
Belize
I-Rubber Ficus Belize yavuselwa eHolland. Isici salo ukuthi kukhona ama-white stain and pink on the edge of the leaves.
Amaqabunga anesimo esinesigxathu esine-elongated (23 cm ubude, 13 cm ububanzi). I-vein ephakathi ibonakala emaceleni omabili amaqabunga, umbala ophuzi-obomvu.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwesitshalo:
- badinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokugeza "emoyeni" ebhodini;
- ukushisa okunethezeka - 20-25 ° C, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C - ebusika;
- lapho utshala, i-collar yezimpande kufanele igubungele phansi;
- lapho uthenga i-ficus, isikhathi sokunciphisa amaviki amathathu;
- Ukutshala isitshalo esincane kanye ngonyaka, ovuthiwe - ngemuva kokuba izimpande ziboshwe phezu kwe-clod yomhlaba (ububanzi bebhodlela elisha kufanele lidlule le-2 cm (intsha) no-6 cm (izitshalo ezivuthiwe);
- ukuphuza ehlobo njalo izinsuku ezimbili, ebusika - izikhathi 2-4 ngenyanga;
- gcina umswakama emoyeni ngokufiphala;
- ukusika izihlahla ezenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Melanie
Hlunga Melanie Bred in Holland.
Leli ficus elifushane elinamagatsha amakhulu.
Ubude beshidi - 13-15 cm.
Umbuso wokushisa okhululekile - 13-30 ° C.
Ukuphatha isitshalo kufana nezinye i-ficus.
Uyazi? E-India, amabhuloho akhiwa ngosizo lwamaficus: aphonsa igogi elixotshiwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi komfula, futhi zondla izinqubo zempande yamafisi emgodini zombili zombili. Izitshalo zihluma futhi zifaka isiqu kangangokuthi ngisho nendlovu ingawela leli bhuloho eminyakeni embalwa.
I-Robusta
I-Robusta UFicus - enye yezinhlobo ezingenakuzithoba. Ishidi elikhulu (ubude obungu-30 cm) linomumo we-ellipse. Umbala - uhlaza ogcwele (ngezinye izikhathi unamaphethini aphuzi namhlophe). Izici:
- ilungu elide kakhulu kulo mndeni futhi lidinga izihlahla ngezikhathi ezithile;
- ukuchelela okulinganiselayo (izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto);
- hhayi nokukhetha kakhulu ngokukhanya;
- ngaphandle kokusika izihlahla, ulahlekelwa amaqabunga bese uvimba u-branching;
- ikhule kahle emathangi angaphansi.
Isikhulu somnyama
Isikhulu somnyama - i-rabber plant ficus enemibala emnyama yelanga. Hue ihluka ngokukhanya. Izici:
- amaqabunga angaphezulu kunezinye i-ficus;
- ibekezelela ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa;
- ingafakwa kabusha ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isikhathi;
- ukuvuselela amahlumela amasha, ungakwazi ukugunda isitshalo sesithathu sesisindo salo ngenaliti ehlanzekile.
Shriveriana
I-ficus eguquguqukayo yenziwa eBelgium (1959). I-ficus ehlobisa, engavamile kakhulu.
Amaqabunga e-Ellipsoidal (ubude - 25 cm, ububanzi - 18 cm) umbala we-marble (uhlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokushaywa okwesibhakabhaka, ukhilimu, i-gray shades. I-vein eluhlaza emaphakathi i-vein iba obomvu uma ikhulile ilanga elikhanyayo).
Kudinga ukushisa kanye nomncane wamanzi (uma umswakama uphelele ngokweqile, amaqabunga ama-curl awela). Ngokuntuleka kwephethini elikhanyayo emaqabungeni ayanyamalala.
Tineke
I-ficus ehlobisa Tineke ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Amaqabunga asova (ubude - 25 cm, ububanzi - 15 cm). Hlanganisa emaphethelweni amaqabunga - uhlangothi oluhlaza-oluhlaza nolunqamu. Izici zokunakekelwa:
- ukuchelela izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto (ebusika - isikhathi 1);
- spray amanzi athambile ekamelweni lokushisa, kanye ngenyanga - ishafula efudumele;
- Faka endaweni yonke iminyaka engu-1-3;
- ukushisa okunethezeka - ehlobo lika-18 - 25 ° C, ebusika - 15-16 ° C.
I-Tricolor
I-Tricolor - futhi ummeleli we-ficus ehlukahlukene.
Amaqabunga alula, ama-oval (ubude - 20 cm, ububanzi - 15) anephethini eliyinkimbinkimbi yemabula: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe kanye ne-cream shades. Isitshalo esinomlilo nesithandekayo (ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, iphethini iyajika). Izici:
- Asikho isidingo sokunisela njalo (ngemva kokumisa ungqimba ophezulu womhlaba);
Ukuhlobisa
Ukuhlobisa ehlukile ebanzi, amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-burgundy tint (ubude bufika ku-25 cm, ububanzi kuya ku-18 cm).
Kubalulekile! Umswakama we-ficus ungacasula isikhumba futhi ubangele ukusabela kokugula. Uma usebenza ngokulimala kweqabunga (ukusika izihlahla, ukususwa kwe-wilted, njll.), Kufanele unakekelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ijusi ayitholakali esikhumbeni, futhi uma kwenzeka uthintana - ugeze nge-sese namanzi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhiwane enjoloba enombala yerabha akuyona nje isici sokubukeka nokuhlobisa, kodwa futhi unayo:
- izakhi zokwelapha (hhayi ngaphansi kwe-Kalanchoe) - ukusiza ukulwa nemikhuhlane, izicubu ezimbi, izifo zesikhumba, izinyosi, amathumba, izingcingo nezinye izifo eziningi;
- izakhiwo zokuhlanza (i-ficus ithola ukungcola okulimazayo emoyeni - formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene);
- I-Ayurveda ikholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo siyaphilisa amandla, sinomthelela omuhle ku-psyche futhi siletha injabulo endlini.
