Ukugcina imifino ebusika ngaphandle kokulahleka kuwumsebenzi onzima odinga ulwazi olukhethekile. Abalimi abaningi nabalimi abaye baphumelela ekukhuleni amazambane, anyanisi, izaqathe, beet, iklabishi nezinye izitshalo zempande, balahlekelwa kuze kube yingxenye yesitshalo ngesikhathi isitoreji sasebusika. Indlela yokuvikela umndeni wakho ekulahlekelweni okungadingekile futhi ugcine izindawo eziwusizo zemifino? Yiziphi izindlela zokugcina kahle izitshalo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni? Ake sizame ukuyihlola.
Indlela yokugcina amazambane
Amazambane, anyanisi, izaqathe, i-beet kanye neklabishi imifino yendabuko eyenza ukudla okudlulela ngonyaka. Ukugcina izitshalo zezimpande kusukela ekuvuniwe kuya ekuvuneni sekuzuze ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo kusuka kubalimi bemifino, abahlolwa isikhathi.
Ukulungiselela ukuvunwa
Ukulungiselela amazambane ukugcina isitoreji sasebusika kuqala ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Kunezindlela zokulondoloza izinhlobo zokuqala nezokuphela kwalokhu.
Izinhlobo zakuqala ezivunwa phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo azihloselwe ukugcina isikhathi eside. Amazambane abancane anesikhumba esincane esivikelayo, esonakaliswa kalula uma umba, ngakho-ke isikhathi esiphezulu "sombhede" saso sinezinyanga ezingu-4-5 kuphela.
Izifo nezinambuzane zonakalisa amazambane hhayi ngesikhathi sokulima, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina isitshalo esinempilo ngaphandle kokushaya izilimo eziyizigaxa. Esinye salezi zifo yisifo esibi sekwephuzile, esingasusa ukuvuthwa kwamazambane.
Ngaphambi kokuwalala amazambane amasha okulala, kuhlungwa ngokucophelela. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezonakalisiwe zihlanganisiwe, futhi yonke isitshalo ishiywe endaweni engenawo umoya umoya ngezinsuku ezingu-5-6 ukuphulukisa umonakalo omncane ekhoneni.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, izinhlobo zamazambane eziphuzile zimile ukuze zome endaweni evulekile engaphansi kwendiza yamasonto amabili, ukuze kutholakale ukusikeka nezinye ukulimala. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwama-degrees Celsius angu-21, le nqubo ivela ngokushesha ngokushesha.
Ngemuva kokuguga kwangaphambili, amazambane omisiwe ahlungwa. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane zishiyelwe imbewu, ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane kakhulu ezilimazayo zidla imfuyo.
Izimo zokulondoloza
Kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngenkathi ukomisa ilanga eliqondile aliwa phezu kwamazambane, futhi izinga lokushisa alidluli ku-16-24 degrees Celsius.
Ngemuva kokucubungula okuyisisekelo, amazambane amasha afakwa emabhokisini enkuni noma ngamapellets. Ukushisa okunamandla emiphongolweni yokugcina imifino kufanele kube ama-4-5 degrees.
Izitshalo ezihlanjululwayo zezitshalo zezinhlobo eziseduze zifakwa emiphongolweni noma emathunjini. Emiphongolweni, amazambane agcinwe kahle emabhokisini enkuni noma ngamapellets avuthiwe. Uma isitoreji senziwe ngamakholi, ukuphakama kwenqwaba akufanele kudlule imitha eyodwa.
Iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho ibonisa ukuthi ngazo zonke izindlela zokugcina ukuphakama phakathi kwelayili kanye nengqimba ephezulu yamazambane kufanele kube okungenani isigamu semitha. Kudingekile ukujikeleza emoyeni okujwayelekile futhi kuvimbele ukubola.
Kubalulekile! Ukushisa okunamandla emiphongolweni yokugcina izinhlobo eziphuzile zamazambane kufanele kube ngama-3-4 degrees. Ngomswakama ka-85-90%, izilimo eziyizigaxa azivumeli amahlumela isikhathi eside futhi zigcine ukuqina kwawo kwangempela.Abanikazi beDacha City, abavame ukugcina amazambane ema-cellars, izindlu zangasese nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, balungiselele indawo kusengaphambili. Izakhiwo zihlanjululwa, ukuchithwa kwe-anti-fungal disinfection kwenziwa (amalungiselelo e-fungicidal, izixazululo ezibuthakathaka zomhlonyane), khona-ke izimpondo zenziwa, futhi izigxobo zamapulangwe nezinsika zigcotshwa ngesisombululo se-freshlylive lime.
Izakhamuzi nabalimi abakhula amazambane ukudayiswa, balondoloze emathangeni bese behlwitha. Ngokuvamile, izimbobo zenziwe ezindaweni eziphakeme ukugwema ingozi yezikhukhula zasentwasahlobo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zihlaselwa phansi ngezingqimba ze-hay, futhi ungqimba oluphezulu lumbozwe ngobuningi bomshini noma ukucubungula, khona-ke uhlaka lwesentimitha esishumi lomhlaba owomile luthululelwa phezulu.
Kubalulekile! Ukushisa okukhulu emgodini wemifino akufanele kube ngaphansi kwe-degrees Celsius engama-3. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphansi kwezinga elilodwa, amazambane athola ukunambitheka okumnandi.
Isitoreji se-anyanisi: indlela yokulondoloza kahle imifino ebusika
Ukulungiselela u-anyanisi isitoreji sasebusika kuqala esiteji sokuvuthwa kwayo. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bahlinzekela kahle izitshalo zemifino. Awuvumeli ukunqwabelana kwenhlabathi ukuze lesi sitshalo "singabi esivumelwaneni esikhulu".
Kubalulekile! Ukuphuza ngokweqile kanye ne-plane eningi kunengxenye ekufakeni umswakama emzimbeni we-bulb, okuholela ekubukeni kwezifo zakuqala kanye nezifo ze-fungal.
Ukulungiselela imifino
Ukuvuthwa kwe-anyanisi kunqunywa umbala we-anyanisi oqhamuka engadini kanye nokungafihli kwempaphe. Uma le nsizi iwile futhi iwile phansi, sekuyisikhathi sokuvuna.
Uyazi? Akuwona wonke ama-bulp avuthwe ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-anyanisi encane ngokuvamile ayishiywanga emhlabathini, kodwa isuswa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba akusizi ngalutho ukuyibeka embhedeni: ngeke unikeze inhlanzi egcwele futhi "iyokhathala" ukuze isetshenziswe njengembewu.
- Ukuvuna kufanele kuqale ekuseni futhi mhlawumbe kunesimo sezulu esishisayo. Abanikazi abanolwazi abaqedi izitshalo ezivela emhlabathini ngezandla zabo, kodwa kuqala ugaye emafolokheni ukuze ungalimazi isibani.
- Emva kokuvuna, anyanisi usomile izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu emoyeni ovulekile, ukugwema ilanga eliqondile. Ukumiswa kwangaphambi kwama-bulb kugcwaliswa ngokusika izihlahla futhi kuhlolwe izithelo.
- Le nsiza inqunywe, ishiya amahlumela amile kuze kube ngamasentimitha angu-10, futhi izimpande ezengeziwe zisuswe ngomsila osele kufika kumamitha amabili kuya kwangu-2-3. Ama-bulb ahlanjululwa ngesandla kusuka emanzini omhlabathi kanye nezikali ezilimaziwe. Ngemuva kokumiswa ngaphambi kokumiswa, ukusika nokupenda, u-anyanisi ubeka e-dosushku yokugcina emgqeni owodwa, ukuze izithelo zingahlangani. Ikamelo kufanele libe nomoya omuhle futhi omile. Lokhu kungaba yiloft noma i-balcony, ngokujwayelekile, noma yikuphi okungafani nomswakama nokukhanya kwelanga.
Uyazi? Kunezindlela eziningi ezivunyiwe zokugcina anyanisi. Okhokho bethu bakhetha ukuyigcina e-braids. Ama-anyanisi aphethwe yiyona nsizakalo ebalulekile yendlu yezilwane, indawo yokuhlala yedolobheni le-bourgeois kanye nokudla kwekhono ezindlini zokuhlonipha. Emapulazini amakhulu, u-anyanisi wawugcinwa ebusika emasakeni esikhwameni, okwakhiwa emgqeni owodwa ezinqolobaneni ezomile nezinqolobane. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, izintambo ezincane ezithweswe izintambo ze-nylon zamakhosikazi nama-bulbs futhi zazibeka ekhoneni emagcekeni asezindlini zikaKhrushchev.
Ukushisa okucacile nomswakama
Namuhla, amapulazi amakhulu akhetha ukugcina u-anyanisi emabhokisini enkuni abekwe esiteji nge-ventilation. Ngesinye isikhathi sonke isitshalo sifakwa kuma-pallets ane-slatted ne-ungqimba angaphezulu kwama-30 cm. Izinto zangaphakathi kufanele zibe umswakama okugunyazayo kusuka ku-60 ukuya ku-70%. Abanikazi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi u-anyanisi kufanele agcinwe ngokwehlukana nezinye izitshalo ezidinga umswakama ophezulu.
Kubalulekile! Zonke lezi zindlela zokugcina ubusika we-anyanisi zihlanganisa izimo ezintathu ezidingekayo: ukoma, igumbi lokuphumula kanye nokuba khona kokushisa okuhle. isitoreji semifino kusuka ku-10-20 degrees Celsius.
I-Carrot Storage Technology
I-izaqathi ingenye yezitshalo "ezingenangqondo" ezingcono kakhulu, isitoreji sasebusika esihambisana nobunzima bezobuchwepheshe. Konke kubalulekile lapha: kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinhlobonhlobo kuya ohlelweni lwezinto zokugcina.
Amaphuzu avelele ekulungiseleleni
Abanikazi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baqala ukulungiselela izaqathe zokugcina ubusika ngokunquma isikhathi sokuvuna. Naphezu kokuthi imifino ingakwazi "ukuhlala" ensimini ibanda kakhulu, awukwazi ukubambezela isivuno.
Kubalulekile! Sekuyisikhathi eside abalimi bemifino bazi ukuthi ukumba izaqathe kusencane kunciphisa inani leshukela emzimbeni wesitshalo futhi kunciphisa izimfanelo zabathengi bomkhiqizo futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, isikhathi sekwephuzile senza ukuba kube ngokweqile, okwenza imifino ibe yimpumputhe ekhangayo..
- Kuvuna kuvame ukuthathwa uma kunamahlumela amathathu noma amane aphuzi emaqabunga. Ama-karoti awaxoshwa emhlabathini ngezandla zabo ngokusebenzisa amandla. Okokuqala, bayiguba ngemifoloko ngamazinyo angenangqondo, bese ngokucophelela, hhayi ukulimaza ubuso, bayidonsela phansi.
- Khona-ke isanqante ibhekwe endaweni ephansi futhi ihlile kuze kufike izinga lokushisa lika-1.5-2 degrees Celsius ngezinsuku ezimbili. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ngaphandle, kodwa ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ngalobobusuku obusika abubhubhisi isivuno. Namuhla emapulazini amakhulu, ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kokuqala kuqhutshwa ekamelweni lokufaka kabusha.
- Ngemuva kokupholisa ngaphambi kokupholisa, okuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwempande ezimweni zokugcina zasebusika, zikhiqiza ukusika izihlahla izaqathe. Yonke imifino eyonakalisiwe neyegulayo isuswe ngesihluku. Izimo ezingenayo iziphambeko ezibonakalayo zifakwa kwisitoreji.
Indlela yokugcina imifino yezimpande
Emapulazini amakhulu yemifino, izaqathe zigcinwa ezinqwabeni, ukuphakama kwazo akudluli ngamamitha amabili noma amathathu. Ukushisa okungcono ngesikhathi sokugcina ubusika wezinqathe ezitsheni ezikhethekile ukuthi amapulazi amakhulu alahlekile ezindaweni ezifakiwe kumele kube ngaphansi kuka-degree degrees Celsius.
Uma i-thermometer ibonisa +5, amaqabunga alalayo azokhula futhi ubuso bezitshalo zempande zizolahlekelwa ukuqina kwezimpahla. Ukungcola kokubili ngaphakathi nasendlini kufanele kube 90-95%.
Uyazi? Izakhamuzi zasehlobo nezinye abalimi bakhetha ukugcina izaqathe emabhokisini omhlabathi owomile, asele ebusika emiphongolweni. Abanye abantu basendaweni abagcina ngempumelelo izaqathe ezigulini ezine-coniferous sawdust ebhodini.
Indlela yesimanje yokugcina ubusika izaqathe ebhokisini lobumba ithandwa kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhuluma ngodaka olusetshenzisiwe ebhakedeni elilula, ugobe izithelo ngasinye zibe yiketshezi bese uyomisa. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, izaqathe zigcinwe ngokuphelele emkhathini, egazini naseplasini ezinyangeni ezingu-5-8.
Thola ukuthi ungagcina kanjani utamatisi, ukhukhamba kanye nommbila.
Indlela yokugcina ubhontshisi
Ukulungiselela ubhontshisi besitoreji sasebusika kuqala ngokuvuna. Abalimi bezitshalo abanobuchule baxwayisa abalimi ukuthi akufanele neze uphume imifino yezitshalo ngezandla zakho eziqongweni, bashaya phansi ngemivimbo "ebhokisini" noma ngokumelene nomunye nomunye.
Izici zokuvuna nokulungiswa kwezinyosi
- Ama-beet adinga ukuphazamisa amafoloko angafani nokukhululwa ngokucophelela emhlabathini. Noma yimuphi umonakalo ebusweni bemifino ugcwele ukutheleleka okwengeziwe, ukutheleleka kwezithelo enempilo nokulahlekelwa kwesitshalo esikhulu.
- Izitshalo zomsuka kumele zihlanjululwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwezinsuku ezibandayo, ngoba ubuso bezinyosi ezivela emhlabathini zizobola futhi ngeke zigcinwe isikhathi eside.
- Ngaphambi kokugcina ukugcina imifino yempande idinga usuku noma ezimbili ukuze lume. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuqondile engadini, uma kungekho mvula, kungenjalo ihlakaze imifino kwendlalelo eyodwa ngaphansi komkhumbi.
- Ngemuva kokumiswa, kubalulekile ukususa izinyosi zezwe elidlulele futhi uthathe iziqongo, ushiye umsila ongu-1 intshi. Bese ususe zonke izimpande futhi uqede kancane impande esemqoka, ugcine ubude bama-5-7 amasentimitha.
- Abalimi bemifino abanokuhlangenwe nakho baqhuba ukuhlunga kokugcina kwesitshalo ngaphambi kokugcina isitoreji, beshiya imifino enempilo enempilo kuphela.
Izimo ezizwakalayo
Ama-beet angcono kakhulu agcinwe emiphongolweni noma engaphansi. Ukushisa okukhulu kokugcina imifino kuvela ku-0 kuya ku-2 degrees Celsius, futhi umswakama womoya kufanele ube phakathi kuka-90-92%. Ukuhambisana nezimo zokugcina ezihle kakhulu yi-air circulation evamile kanye nokungabi khona kwezinga lokushisa lokushisa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukufunda ngezindawo zokuphulukisa zezinyosi zezinyosi, izinhlanzi ze-beet kanye ne-chard (ama-beet amaqabunga).
Izitshalo zomsuka zihlala kahle emabhokisini anesihlabathi esomile. Abanye babamba ngokuphumelelayo ukugcina ama-beet emigqumeni ngamapellets enkuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuphakamisa indawo ye-lattice ngamasentimitha angama-30 ukusuka phansi ukuze uqinisekise ukujikeleza kwe-air, futhi uthele ama-beet emigqeni emibili noma emithathu kuthebhu ngalinye le-rack.
Iklabishi Isitoreji Sokugcina
Ukugcina ubusika iklabishi kunezici zayo siqu.
Ukulungiselela
Iklabishi yokupheka yokugcina isikhathi eside kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zobuchwepheshe.
- Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nesikhathi sokuvuna. Ungathatha iklabishi ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa phansi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinga lokushisa aliwi phansi ngezansi degrees Celsius.
- Ngaphambi kokugcina, kudingekile ukuhlanza imifino emagqabini aphelile, amaqabunga afriziwe nesibungulu isikhunta.
- Emva kokucubungula, cwilisa kahle iklabishi ekamelweni lokuphuza umoya amahora angu-10-12.
Indlela yokulondoloza imifino: izimo
Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina isitoreji seklabishi yi-cellar epholile noma phansi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yikuphi lokushisa okufanele ugcine imifino. Ukusebenza okuhle ku-thermometer ekamelweni kufanele kube ku-1 kuya ku-10 degrees Celsius, nomswakama - 91-98%.
Iklabishi ifakwa emabhokisini enkuni noma emabhokisini. Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zilenga amakhanda eklabishi ngamacobsi akhethekile, ehlinzeka umoya odingekayo.
Uyazi? Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho kungekho khona iqhwa eliqinile lasebusika, ama-Hosts agcina iklabishi ezitsheni zobumba eziyi-80 cm ejulile kuze kube yingxenye yomitha ububanzi. Amakhanda amaklabishi afakwa ngaphansi kwe-stumps futhi agwetshwe ungqimba ngalunye ngamagqabi awile, amagatsha ase-spruce kanye nengqimba encane yomhlaba. Bese wenza isikhukhula esincane, esifakwa emigqeni engavundile yemhlanga ye-ventilation. Ochwepheshe banikeza impendulo ecacile, yikuphi ukushisa okumele kube khona emgodini wemifino - kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-7 degrees Celsius.
Ezimweni zasemadolobheni, iklabishi elungiselelwe igcinwa emabhokisini e-balcony, eyayifakwe ikhanda ngalinye ngaphambili ephepheni noma ephepheni lokudla.
Londoloza isivuno - kungumsebenzi onzima njengokukhulayo. Izindleko zomsebenzi nezindleko zokugcina imifino zifana nomjikelezo wonyaka wokulima nokuvuna. Ngakho-ke, akufanele sikhohlwe ubuchwepheshe bokugcinwa kwasebusika kwezitshalo zezimpande.
